QR codes are widely used for various legitimate purposes, from accessing restaurant menus to making digital payments. However, cybercriminals have found a way to exploit them by overlaying fraudulent QR codes on top of genuine ones.
These altered codes typically direct users to deceptive websites designed to steal personal information or install malware. Without vigilance, unsuspecting individuals may fall victim to such scams.
Inspect the QR Code for Signs of Tampering
One of the most effective ways to avoid scanning a malicious QR code is by examining it carefully. Fraudsters often place their own QR codes over legitimate ones. If a QR code appears to be stuck over another or seems misaligned, proceed with caution. While not all modified QR codes are fraudulent—restaurants, for instance, may update their codes for new menus—it’s always best to verify before scanning.
Assess the Context Surrounding the QR Code
The environment in which a QR code appears can offer critical clues about its authenticity. If a QR code looks out of place or is presented in an unusual manner, such as an email requesting a scan instead of providing a direct URL, it could be a red flag. Vague messages accompanying QR codes, particularly in emails or promotional materials, may indicate phishing attempts.
Furthermore, QR codes placed in public spaces like bus stops or shopping malls should be approached with skepticism. Scammers often post fake codes in high-traffic areas to trick people into scanning them.
Verify the Website Destination
Fortunately, scanning a malicious QR code does not immediately compromise a device. Before interacting with any website it directs to, analyze the URL carefully. Many QR scanners display the destination URL before opening it—take a moment to check for inconsistencies or suspicious elements.
If a QR code leads to an app download, ensure it redirects to the official Google Play Store or Apple App Store. Cybercriminals often create fake websites mimicking legitimate platforms, tricking users into downloading malware-infected applications. When in doubt, manually search for the app in an official store instead of relying on the QR code.
Use a Secure QR Code Scanner
For added protection, consider using a secure QR code scanner app. Unlike standard scanners, these security-focused apps analyze the code’s destination and alert users to potential threats. For example, the Trend Micro QR code scanner evaluates scanned codes for safety before allowing access to a website or download link.
While QR codes provide convenience, they can also pose security risks. By inspecting QR codes for tampering, assessing their context, verifying their destination, and using secure scanner apps, individuals can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to scams.
