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Encryption Drops While Extortion-Only Attacks Surge

 

Ransomware remains a persistent threat to organisations worldwide, but new findings suggest cybercriminals are shifting their methods. According to the latest report by Sophos, only half of ransomware attacks involved data encryption this year, a sharp decline from 70 per cent in 2023.  
The report suggests that improved cybersecurity measures may be helping organisations stop attacks before ransomware payloads are deployed. However, larger organisations with 3,001 to 5,000 employees still reported encryption in 65 per cent of attacks, possibly due to the challenges of monitoring vast IT infrastructures. 

As encryption-based tactics decrease, attackers are increasingly relying on extortion-only methods. These attacks, which involve threats to release stolen data without encrypting systems, have doubled to 6 per cent this year. Smaller businesses were disproportionately affected 13 per cent of firms with 100 to 250 employees reported facing such attacks, compared to just 3 per cent among larger enterprises.  

While Sophos highlighted software vulnerabilities as the most common entry point for attackers, this finding contrasts with other industry data. Allan Liska, a ransomware expert at Recorded Future, said leaked or stolen credentials remain the most frequently reported initial attack vector. Sophos, however, reported a drop in attacks starting with credential compromise from 29 per cent last year to 23 per cent in 2024 suggesting variations in data visibility between firms. 

The report also underscored the human cost of cyberattacks. About 41 per cent of IT and security professionals said they experienced increased stress or anxiety after handling a ransomware incident. Liska noted that while emotional tolls are predictable, they are often overlooked in incident response planning.

Polymorphic Security Approaches for the Next Generation of Cyber Threats


 

Considering the rapid evolution of cybersecurity today, organisations and security professionals must continue to contend with increasingly sophisticated adversaries in an ever-increasing contest. There is one class of malware known as polymorphic malware, which is capable of continuously changing the code of a piece of software to evade traditional detection methods and remain undetectable. It is among the most formidable threats to emerge. 

Although conventional malware is often recognisable by consistent patterns or signatures, polymorphic variants are dynamic in nature and dynamically change their appearance whenever they are infected or spread across networks. Due to their adaptive nature, cybercriminals are able to get around a number of established security controls and prolong the life of their attacks for many years to come. 

In an age when artificial intelligence and machine learning are becoming increasingly powerful tools for defending as well as for criminals, detecting and neutralising these shape-shifting threats has become more difficult than ever. It has never been clearer that the pressing need to develop agile, intelligent, and resilient defence strategies has increased in recent years, highlighting that innovation and vigilance are crucial to protecting digital assets. 

In today's world, enterprises are facing a wide range of cyber threats, including ransomware attacks that are highly disruptive, deceptive phishing campaigns that are highly sophisticated, covert insider breaches, and sophisticated advanced persistent threats. Due to the profound transformation of the digital battlefield, traditional defence measures have become inadequate to combat the speed and complexity of modern cyber threats in the 21st century. 

To address this escalating threat, forward-looking companies are increasingly incorporating artificial intelligence into the fabric of their cybersecurity strategies, as a result. When businesses integrate artificial intelligence-powered capabilities into their security architecture, they are able to monitor massive amounts of data in real time, identify anomalies with remarkable accuracy, and evaluate vulnerabilities at a level of precision that cannot be matched by manual processes alone, due to the ability to embed AI-powered capabilities. 

As a result of the technological advancements in cybersecurity, security teams are now able to shift from reactive incident management to proactive and predictive defence postures that can counteract threats before they develop into large-scale breaches. Furthermore, this paradigm shift involves more than simply improving existing tools; it involves a fundamental reimagining of cybersecurity operations as a whole. 

Several layers of defence are being redefined by artificial intelligence, including automated threat detection, streamlining response workflows, as well as enabling smart analytics to inform strategic decisions. The result of this is that organisations have a better chance of remaining resilient in an environment where cyber adversaries are leveraging advanced tactics to exploit even the tiniest vulnerabilities to gain a competitive edge. 

Amidst the relentless digital disruption that people are experiencing today, adopting artificial intelligence-driven cybersecurity has become an essential imperative to safeguard sensitive assets and ensure operational continuity. As a result of its remarkable ability to constantly modify its own code while maintaining its malicious intent, polymorphic malware has emerged as one of the most formidable challenges to modern cybersecurity. 

As opposed to conventional threats that can be detected by their static signatures and predictable behaviours, polymorphic malware is deliberately designed in order to conceal itself by generating a multitude of unique iterations of itself in order to conceal its presence. As a result of its inherent adaptability, it is easily able to evade traditional security tools that are based on static detection techniques. 

Mutation engines are a key tool for enabling polymorphism, as they are able to alter the code of a malware program every time it is replicated or executed. This results in each instance appearing to be distinct to signature-based antivirus software, which effectively neutralises the value of predefined detection rules for those instances. Furthermore, polymorphic threats are often disguised through encryption techniques as a means of concealing their code and payloads, in addition to mutation capabilities.

It is common for malware to apply a different cryptographic key when it spreads, so that it is difficult for security scanners to recognise the components. Further complicating analysis is the use of packing and obfuscation methods, which are typically applied. Obfuscating a code structure makes it difficult for analysts to understand it, while packing is the process of compressing or encrypting an executable to prevent static inspection without revealing the hidden contents. 

As a result of these techniques, even mature security environments are frequently overwhelmed by a constantly shifting threat landscape that can be challenging. There are profound implications associated with polymorphic malware because it consistently evades detection. This makes the chances of a successful compromise even greater, thus giving attackers a longer window of opportunity to exploit systems, steal sensitive information, or disrupt operations. 

In order to defend against such threats, it is essential to employ more than conventional security measures. A layering of defence strategy should be adopted by organisations that combines behavioural analytics, machine learning, and real-time monitoring in order to identify subtle indicators of compromise that static approaches are likely to miss. 

In such a situation, organisations need to continuously adjust their security posture in order to maintain a resilient security posture. With polymorphic techniques becoming increasingly sophisticated, organisations must constantly innovate their defences, invest in intelligent detection solutions, and cultivate the expertise required to recognise and combat these evolving threats to meet the demands of these rapidly changing threats.

In an era when threats no longer stay static, the need for proactive, adaptive security has become critical to ensuring the protection of critical infrastructure and maintaining business continuity. The modern concept of cybersecurity is inspired by a centuries-old Russian military doctrine known as Maskirovka. This doctrine emphasises the strategic use of deception, concealment, and deliberate misinformation to confound adversaries. This philosophy has been adopted in the digital realm as well. 

Maskirovka created illusions on the battlefield in order to make it incomprehensible for the adversary to take action, just like polymorphic defence utilises the same philosophy that Maskirovka used to create a constantly changing digital environment to confuse and outmanoeuvre attackers. Cyber-polymorphism is a paradigm emerging that will enable future defence systems to create an almost limitless variety of dynamic decoys and false artefacts. 

As a result, adversaries will be diverted to elaborate traps, and they will be required to devote substantial amounts of their time and energy to chasing the illusions. By creating sophisticated mirages that ensure that a clear or consistent target remains hidden from an attacker, these sophisticated mirages aim to undermine the attacker's resolve and diminish the attacker's operational effectiveness. 

It is important, however, for organisations to understand that, as the stakes grow higher, the contest will be more determined by the extent to which they invest, how capable the computers are, and how sophisticated the algorithms are. The success of critical assets is not just determined by technological innovation but also by the capability to deploy substantial resources to sustain adaptive defences in scenarios where critical assets are at risk. 

Obtaining this level of agility and resilience requires the implementation of autonomous, orchestrated artificial intelligence systems able to make decisions and execute countermeasures in real time as a result of real-time data. It will become untenable if humans are reliant on manual intervention or human oversight during critical moments during an attack, as modern threats are fast and complex, leaving no room for error. 

It can be argued in this vision of cybersecurity's future that putting a human decision-maker amid defensive responses effectively concedes to the attacker's advantage. A hybrid cyber defence is an advancement of a concept that is referred to as moving target defence by the U.S. Department of Defence. 

It advances the concept a great deal further, however. This approach is much more advanced than mere rotation of system configurations to shrink the attack surface, since it systematically transforms every layer of an organisation’s digital ecosystem through intelligent, continuous transformation. By doing so, we are not just reducing predictability, but actively disrupting the ability of the attacker to map, exploit, and persist within the network environment by actively disrupting it. 

By doing so, it signals a significant move away from static, reactive security strategies to proactive, AI-driven strategies that can anticipate and counter even the most sophisticated threats as they happen. In a world where digital transformation has continued to accelerate across all sectors, integrating artificial intelligence into cybersecurity frameworks has evolved from merely an enhancement to a necessity that cannot be ignored anymore. 

The utilisation of intelligent, AI-driven security capabilities is demonstrated to be a better way for organisations to manage risks, safeguard data integrity, and maintain operational continuity as adversaries become increasingly sophisticated. The core advantage of artificial intelligence lies in its ability to provide actionable intelligence and strategic foresight, regardless of whether it is integrated into an organisation's internal infrastructure or delivered as part of managed security services. 

Cyber threats in today's hyperconnected world are not just possible, but practically guaranteed, so relying on reactive measures is no longer a feasible approach. Today, it is imperative to be aware of potential compromises before they escalate into significant disruptions, so that they can be predicted, detected, and contained in advance.

It is no secret that artificial intelligence has revolutionised the parameters of cybersecurity. It has enabled organisations to gain real-time visibility into their threat environment, prioritise risks based on data-driven insights and deploy automated responses in a matter of hours. Rather than being just another incremental improvement, there is a shift in the conceptualisation and operationalisation of security that constitutes more than an incremental improvement. 

There has been a dramatic increase in cyber attacks in recent years, with severe financial and reputational damage being the consequence of a successful attack. The adoption of proactive, adaptive defences is no longer just a competitive advantage; it has become a key component of business resilience. As businesses integrate AI-enabled security solutions, they are able to stay ahead of evolving threats while keeping stakeholder confidence and trust intact. 

A vital requirement for long-term success for modern enterprises concerned about their ability to cope with digital threats and thrive in the digital age is to develop an intelligent, anticipatory cyber ddefence A growing number of cyber threats and threats are becoming more volatile and complex than ever before, so it has become increasingly important for leaders to adopt a mindset that emphasises relentless adaptation and innovation, rather than simply acquiring advanced technologies. 

They should also establish clear strategies for integrating intelligent automation into their security ecosystems and aligning these capabilities with broader business objectives to gain a competitive advantage. Having said that, it will be imperative to rethink governance to enable faster, decentralised response, develop specialised talent pipelines for emerging technologies and implement continuous validation to ensure that defences remain effective against evolving threat patterns. 

In the age of automating operations and implementing increasingly sophisticated tactics, the true differentiator will be the ability for organisations to evolve at a similar rate and precision as their adversaries. An organisation that is looking ahead will prioritise a comprehensive risk model, invest in resilient architectures that can self-heal when attacked, and leverage AI in order to build dynamic defences that can be used to counter threats before they impact critical operations. 

In a climate like this, protecting digital assets is not just a one-time project. It is a recurring strategic imperative that requires constant vigilance, discipline, and the ability to act decisively when necessary. As a result, organisations that will succeed in the future will be those that embrace cybersecurity as a constant journey-one that combines foresight, adaptability, and an unwavering commitment to remain one step ahead of adversaries who are only going to keep improving.

Russian APT28 Targets Ukraine Using Signal to Deliver New Malware Families

 

The Russian state-sponsored threat group APT28, also known as UAC-0001, has been linked to a fresh wave of cyberattacks against Ukrainian government targets, using Signal messenger chats to distribute two previously undocumented malware strains—BeardShell and SlimAgent. 

While the Signal platform itself remains uncompromised, its rising adoption among government personnel has made it a popular delivery vector for phishing attacks. Ukraine’s Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-UA) initially discovered these attacks in March 2024, though critical infection vector details only surfaced after ESET notified the agency in May 2025 of unauthorised access to a “gov.ua” email account. 

Investigations revealed that APT28 used Signal to send a macro-laced Microsoft Word document titled "Акт.doc." Once opened, it initiates a macro that drops two payloads—a malicious DLL file (“ctec.dll”) and a disguised PNG file (“windows.png”)—while modifying the Windows Registry to enable persistence via COM-hijacking. 

These payloads execute a memory-resident malware framework named Covenant, which subsequently deploys BeardShell. BeardShell, written in C++, is capable of downloading and executing encrypted PowerShell scripts, with execution results exfiltrated via the Icedrive API. The malware maintains stealth by encrypting communications using the ChaCha20-Poly1305 algorithm. 

Alongside BeardShell, CERT-UA identified another tool dubbed SlimAgent. This lightweight screenshot grabber captures images using multiple Windows API calls, then encrypts them with a combination of AES and RSA before local storage. These are presumed to be extracted later by an auxiliary tool. 

APT28’s involvement was further corroborated through their exploitation of vulnerabilities in Roundcube and other webmail software, using phishing emails mimicking Ukrainian news publications to exploit flaws like CVE-2020-35730, CVE-2021-44026, and CVE-2020-12641. These emails injected malicious JavaScript files—q.js, e.js, and c.js—to hijack inboxes, redirect emails, and extract credentials from over 40 Ukrainian entities. CERT-UA recommends organisations monitor traffic linked to suspicious domains such as “app.koofr.net” and “api.icedrive.net” to detect any signs of compromise.

Nucor Restores Operations After May Cyberattack, Expects Strong Q2 Earnings

 

Nucor, the largest steel producer in the United States, announced it has resumed normal operations after a cyberattack in May that exposed a limited amount of data.

According to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the company believes it has successfully removed the hackers from its systems and does not anticipate any material impact on its financial results or operations.

“The incident temporarily limited our ability to access certain functions and some facilities,” Nucor stated. To investigate and recover from the breach, the company engaged external forensic specialists. 

As part of its response, Nucor temporarily shut down its systems and restored portions of its data using backup files. The company has since collaborated with outside experts to strengthen its IT infrastructure against future intrusions.

Headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, Nucor produces approximately 25% of the nation’s raw steel. Last week, the company said it expects second-quarter earnings per share to range between $2.55 and $2.65 for the fiscal period ending July 5. Earnings are projected to grow across all three operating segments, with the most significant gains anticipated in its steel mills business, driven by higher average selling prices for sheet and plate products.

Nucor has not shared specific details about the financial consequences of the cyberattack. The company plans to release its earnings report on July 28, followed by a conference call on July 29.

Palo Alto Detects New Prometei Botnet Attacks Targeting Linux Servers

Cybersecurity analysts from Palo Alto Networks’ Unit 42 have reported a resurgence of the Prometei botnet, now actively targeting Linux systems with new, upgraded variants as of March 2025. Originally discovered in 2020 when it was aimed at Windows machines, Prometei has since expanded its reach. 

Its Linux-based malware strain has been in circulation since late 2020, but recent versions—designated as 3.x and 4.x—demonstrate significant upgrades in their attack capabilities. The latest Prometei malware samples are equipped with remote control functionality, domain generation algorithms (DGA) to ensure connection with attacker-controlled servers, and self-updating systems that help them remain undetected. This renewed activity highlights the botnet’s growing sophistication and persistent threat across global networks. 

At its core, Prometei is designed to secretly mine Monero cryptocurrency, draining the resources of infected devices. However, it also engages in credential harvesting and can download additional malicious software depending on the attacker’s goals. Its modular framework allows individual components to carry out specific tasks, including brute-force attacks, vulnerability exploitation (such as EternalBlue and SMB bugs), mining operations, and data exfiltration. 

The malware is typically delivered via HTTP GET requests from rogue URLs like hxxp://103.41.204[.]104/k.php. Prometei uses 64-bit Linux ELF binaries that extract and execute payloads directly in memory. These binaries also carry embedded configuration data in a JSON format, containing fields such as encryption keys and tracking identifiers, making them harder to analyze and block. 

Once a system is compromised, the malware collects extensive hardware and software information—CPU details, OS version, system uptime—and sends this back to its command-and-control (C2) servers, including addresses like hxxp://152.36.128[.]18/cgi-bin/p.cgi. Thanks to DGA and self-update features, Prometei ensures consistent communication with attacker infrastructure and adapts to security responses on the fly.  

To defend against these threats, Palo Alto Networks advises using advanced detection tools such as Cortex XDR, WildFire, and their Advanced Threat Prevention platform. These technologies utilize real-time analytics and machine learning to identify and contain threats. Organizations facing a breach can also contact Palo Alto’s Unit 42 incident response team for expert help. 

The activity observed from March to April 2025 underlines the continued evolution of the Prometei botnet and the growing risk it poses to businesses relying on Linux environments. Strengthening cybersecurity protocols and remaining alert to new threats is essential in today’s threat landscape.

BitoPro Blames North Korea’s Lazarus Group for $11 Million Crypto Theft During Hot Wallet Update

 

Taiwanese cryptocurrency exchange BitoPro has attributed a major cyberattack that resulted in the theft of approximately $11 million in digital assets to the infamous North Korean hacking group Lazarus. The breach occurred on May 8, 2025, when attackers exploited vulnerabilities during a hot wallet system upgrade.

According to BitoPro, its internal investigation uncovered evidence linking the incident to Lazarus, citing similarities in techniques and tactics observed in previous large-scale intrusions.

“The attack methodology bears resemblance to patterns observed in multiple past international major incidents, including illicit transfers from global bank SWIFT systems and asset theft incidents from major international cryptocurrency exchanges,” reads the company’s announcement.

BitoPro, which serves primarily Taiwanese customers and offers fiat currency transactions in TWD alongside various crypto assets, has over 800,000 registered users and processes nearly $30 million in trading volume each day.

During the attack, unauthorized withdrawals were conducted from an older hot wallet across multiple blockchains, including Ethereum, Tron, Solana, and Polygon. The stolen funds were subsequently funneled through decentralized exchanges and mixing services such as Tornado Cash, ThorChain, and Wasabi Wallet to obscure their origin.

Although the breach took place in early May, BitoPro publicly acknowledged the incident only on June 2, assuring users that platform operations remained unaffected and that impacted wallets were replenished using reserves.

The subsequent investigation concluded there was no evidence of insider involvement. Instead, attackers had carried out a sophisticated social engineering campaign that compromised an employee’s device responsible for managing cloud operations. Through this infection, they hijacked AWS session tokens, effectively bypassing multi-factor authentication protections to gain access to BitoPro’s cloud infrastructure.

The hackers’ command-and-control server then issued instructions to implant malicious scripts into the hot wallet host in preparation for the heist. By carefully simulating legitimate activity, they were able to transfer assets undetected when the wallet upgrade took place.

Once BitoPro became aware of the unauthorized activity, it deactivated the hot wallet system and rotated cryptographic keys, though by that point, roughly $11 million had already been drained.

The exchange has notified relevant authorities and collaborated with external cybersecurity specialists to conduct a thorough review, which concluded on June 11.

The Lazarus Group has developed a notorious reputation for targeting cryptocurrency platforms and decentralized finance ecosystems, with previous operations including a record-setting $1.5 billion theft from Bybit.

Lazarus Group Suspected in $11M Crypto Heist Targeting Taiwan’s BitoPro Exchange

 

Taiwanese cryptocurrency platform BitoPro has blamed North Korea’s Lazarus Group for a cyberattack that resulted in $11 million in stolen digital assets. The breach occurred on May 8, 2025, during an upgrade to the exchange’s hot wallet system. 

According to BitoPro, the tactics and methods used by the hackers closely resemble those seen in other global incidents tied to the Lazarus Group, including high-profile thefts via SWIFT banking systems and other major crypto platforms. BitoPro serves a primarily Taiwanese customer base, offering fiat transactions in TWD alongside various cryptocurrencies. 

The exchange currently supports over 800,000 users and processes approximately $30 million in daily trades. The attack exploited vulnerabilities during a system update, enabling the unauthorized withdrawal of funds from a legacy hot wallet spread across several blockchain networks, including Ethereum, Tron, Solana, and Polygon. The stolen cryptocurrency was then quickly laundered through decentralized exchanges and mixers such as Tornado Cash, Wasabi Wallet, and ThorChain, making recovery and tracing more difficult. 

Despite the attack taking place in early May, BitoPro only publicly acknowledged the breach on June 2. At that time, the exchange assured users that daily operations remained unaffected and that the compromised hot wallet had been replenished from its reserve funds. Following a thorough investigation, the exchange confirmed that no internal staff were involved. 

However, the attackers used social engineering tactics to infect a cloud administrator’s device with malware. This allowed them to steal AWS session tokens, bypass multi-factor authentication, and gain unauthorized access to BitoPro’s cloud infrastructure. From there, they were able to insert scripts directly into the hot wallet system and carry out the theft while mimicking legitimate activity to avoid early detection. 

After discovering the breach, BitoPro deactivated the affected wallet system and rotated its cryptographic keys, though the damage had already been done. The company reported the incident to authorities and brought in a third-party cybersecurity firm to conduct an independent review, which concluded on June 11. 

The Lazarus Group has a long history of targeting cryptocurrency and decentralized finance platforms. This attack on BitoPro adds to their growing list of cyber heists, including the recent $1.5 billion digital asset theft from the Bybit exchange.

Krispy Kreme Confirms Cyberattack Affected Over 160,000 People

 



Popular U.S.-based doughnut chain Krispy Kreme has confirmed that a cyberattack last year compromised the personal data of more than 160,000 individuals.

According to a notification filed with the Maine Attorney General's Office, the company stated that the breach took place in late November 2024. However, affected individuals were informed only in May 2025, after the company completed its internal investigation.

In letters sent to those impacted, Krispy Kreme explained that while they currently have no evidence of misuse, sensitive data may have been accessed during the breach. The company has not publicly confirmed all the types of information that were exposed, but a separate disclosure in Massachusetts revealed that documents containing Social Security numbers, banking details, and driver's license information were among those compromised.

Further updates posted on Krispy Kreme's official website in June added that other personal records may have also been involved. These include medical and health data, credit card numbers, passport details, digital signatures, and even login credentials for financial and email accounts. The extent of exposure varied depending on the individual.

The breach first came to light on November 29, 2024, when Krispy Kreme discovered unusual activity on its internal systems. The incident disrupted its online ordering services and was reported in a regulatory filing on December 11. To manage the situation, the company brought in independent cybersecurity specialists and took steps to secure its systems.

While the company has not commented on the source of the attack, a ransomware group known as “Play” claimed responsibility in late December. The group has a history of targeting organizations around the world and is known for stealing data and demanding ransom by threatening to publish stolen information online—a tactic known as double extortion. However, their claims about the stolen data have not been verified by Krispy Kreme.

The Play ransomware operation has been linked to hundreds of cyberattacks globally, including incidents involving governments, corporations, and local authorities. U.S. federal agencies, along with international partners, issued a security advisory in late 2023 warning organizations about the group’s growing threat.

Krispy Kreme, which operates in over 40 countries and runs thousands of sales points including through a partnership with McDonald’s is continuing to investigate the full impact of the incident. The company is urging those affected to stay alert for signs of identity theft and take steps to protect their financial and personal accounts.

UBS Acknowledges Employee Data Leak Following Third-Party Cyberattack

 



Swiss financial institution UBS has confirmed that some of its employee data was compromised and leaked online due to a cybersecurity breach at one of its external service providers. The incident did not impact client information, according to the bank.

The breach came to light after reports surfaced from Swiss media suggesting that data belonging to roughly 130,000 UBS staff members had been exposed online for several days. The compromised records reportedly include employee names, job titles, email addresses, phone numbers, workplace locations, and spoken languages.

UBS stated that it responded immediately upon learning of the breach, taking necessary steps to secure its operations and limit potential risks.

The cyberattack did not directly target UBS but rather a company it works with for procurement and administrative services. This supplier, identified as a former UBS spin-off, confirmed that it had been targeted but did not specify the extent of the data breach or name all affected clients.

A threat group believed to be behind the breach is known for using a form of cyber extortion that involves stealing sensitive data and threatening to publish it unless a ransom is paid. Unlike traditional ransomware attacks, this group reportedly skips the step of encrypting files and focuses solely on the theft and public exposure of stolen information.

So far, only one other company besides UBS has confirmed being impacted by this incident, though the service provider involved works with several major international firms, raising concerns that others could be affected as well.

Cybersecurity experts warn that the exposure of employee data, even without customer information can still lead to serious risks. Such data can be misused in fraud, phishing attempts, and impersonation scams. In today’s digital age, tools powered by artificial intelligence can mimic voices or even create fake videos, making such scams increasingly convincing.

There are also fears that exposed information could be used to pressure or manipulate employees, or to facilitate financial crimes through social engineering.

This breach serves as a reminder of how cyber threats are not limited to the primary organization alone. When suppliers and vendors handle sensitive internal information, their security practices become a critical part of the larger cybersecurity ecosystem. Threat actors increasingly target third-party providers to bypass more heavily secured institutions and gain access to valuable data.

As investigations continue, the focus remains on understanding the full scope of the incident and taking steps to prevent similar attacks in the future.

Keylogger Injection Targets Microsoft Exchange Servers

 

Keylogging malware is a particularly dangerous as it is often designed to steal login passwords or other sensitive information from victims. When you add a compromised Exchange server to the mix, it makes things significantly worse for any organisation. 

Positive Technologies researchers recently published a new report on a keylogger-based campaign that targets organisations worldwide. The effort, which is identical to an attack uncovered in 2024, targets compromised Microsoft Exchange Server installations belonging to 65 victims in 26 nations. 

The attackers infiltrated Exchange servers by exploiting well-known security flaws or using completely novel techniques. After getting access, the hackers installed JavaScript keyloggers to intercept login credentials from the organization's Outlook on the Web page. 

OWA is the web version of Microsoft Outlook and is integrated into both the Exchange Server platform and the Exchange Online service within Microsoft 365. According to the report, the JavaScript keyloggers gave the attackers persistence on the compromised servers and went unnoticed for months.

The researchers uncovered various keyloggers and classified them into two types: those meant to save captured inputs to a file on a local server that could be accessed from the internet later, and those that transferred stolen credentials across the global network using DNS tunnels or Telegram bots. The files containing the logged data were properly labelled to help attackers identify the compromised organisation.

PT researchers explained that most of the affected Exchange systems were owned by government agencies. A number of other victims worked in industries like logistics, industry, and IT. The majority of infections were found in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Russia; nine infected companies were found in Russia alone. 

The researchers emphasised that a huge number of Exchange servers remain vulnerable to well-known security issues. The PT experts encouraged companies to regard security flaws as major issues and implement adequate vulnerability management strategies. 

Furthermore, organisations that use the Microsoft platform should implement up-to-date web applications and security measures to detect malicious network activities. It is also a good idea to analyse user authentication files on a regular basis for potentially malicious code.

Israel Iran Crisis Fuels Surge in State Backed Cyberattacks

 


As Israeli and Iranian forces engaged in a conventional military exchange on June 13, 2025, the conflict has rapidly escalated into a far more complex and multi-faceted conflict that is increasingly involving a slew of coordinated cyberattacks against a broad variety of targets, all of which have been initiated in response to this conventional military exchange.

In response to Israeli airstrikes targeting Iranian nuclear and military installations, followed by Iranian retaliatory missile barrages, the outbreak began in a matter of days and has quickly spread beyond the country's borders. Both nations have long maintained a hostile and active presence in cyberspace. 

There has been a growing tension between Israel and Iran since kinetic fighting began in the region. Both countries are internationally known for their advanced cyber capability. In the days since the start of the kinetic fighting, several digital actors have emerged, from state-affiliated hackers to nationalist hacktivists to disinformation networks to opportunistic cybercriminals. They have all contributed to the rapidly developing threat environment that is unfolding. 

This report provides an overview of the cyber dimension of the conflict, highlighting key incidents, emerging malware campaigns, and the strategic implications of this growing cyberspace. A response to the increasing geopolitical tensions arising from the Israel-Iran conflict and the United States' military involvement in that conflict has been issued by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). 

A new bulletin from the National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS) was issued on Sunday by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Cyberattacks are more likely to occur across critical infrastructure sectors across the United States, and this alert emphasises the heightened threat. Particularly, it focuses on hospitals, industrial networks, and public utilities. 

An advisory states that Iranian hacktivist groups and state-sponsored cyber actors have been using malware to gain unauthorized access to a wide range of digital assets, including firewalls, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and operational technology platforms, as a result of the use of malware by those groups. Iranian authorities issued a bulletin after they publicly condemned U.S. airstrikes conducted over the weekend and said they would retaliate against American interests. 

According to US cybersecurity officials, the growing anti-Israel sentiment, coupled with the adversarial posture of Iran towards the United States, could fuel a surge in cyberattacks on domestic networks shortly. Not only are sophisticated nation-state actors expected to carry out these attacks, but also loosely affiliated hacktivist cells fueled by ideological motivations are expected to carry out these attacks. 

According to the Department of Homeland Security, such actors tend to use vulnerabilities in poorly secured systems to launch disruptive operations that could compromise critical services by attacking internet-connected devices. Throughout the advisory, cyber threats have increasingly aligned with geopolitical flashpoints, and it serves both as a warning and a call for heightened vigilance for public and private organisations. 

Recent threat intelligence assessments have indicated that a large proportion of the cyber operations observed during the ongoing digital conflict were carried out by pro-Iranian hacktivists, with over 90 per cent of them attributed to Iranian hacktivist groups. 

The majority of these groups are currently targeting the digital infrastructure of Israelis, deploying a variety of disruptive tactics that are aimed at crippling systems, compromising sensitive data and sowing fear among the public. However, Iran has not remained untouched. Several cyberattacks have taken place against the Islamic Republic, which demonstrates the reciprocal nature of the cyber warfare that is currently taking place in the region, as well as the volatility that it has experienced. 

During this period of digital escalation, the focus has been extended far beyond just the two main adversaries. As a result, neighbouring nations such as Egypt, Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia have also reported cyberattacks affecting sectors ranging from telecommunications to finance, and as a result, spillover effects have been reported. 

A wide range of attack vectors have been used by regional hacktivist operations, including distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, website defacements, network intrusions, and data breaches, among others. In particular, there has been a shift towards more sophisticated operations, involving ransomware, destructive wiper malware, and banking trojans. This indicates that objectives are increasingly being viewed from an economic and strategic perspective. 

Having observed the intensification of digital attacks, Iranian authorities have apparently begun implementing internet restrictions as a response to these attacks, perhaps intended to halt Israeli cyber incursions as well as prevent critical internal systems from being exposed to external threats. As a result, cyber policy and national security strategy are becoming increasingly entwined in the broader geopolitical confrontation as a whole.

The escalation of cyber warfare has led to the emergence of new and increasingly targeted malware campaigns, which reveal the ever-evolving sophistication and geopolitical motivations of those attempting to engage in these campaigns. A new executable, dubbed “encryption.exe,” has been identified by researchers on June 16, believed to be a ransomware or wiper malware, a file previously unknown. 

A malicious file known as this has been attributed to a new threat actor known as Anon-g Fox. In addition, this malware has a special feature: it checks the victim's computer for both Israeli Standard Time (IST) and Hebrew language settings. If this condition is not met, the malware will cease its operations, displaying an error message that reads, "This program can only run in Israel." [sic] In light of this explicit targeting mechanism, it may be clear that there is a deliberate geopolitical motive here, probably related to the broader cyber confrontation between Israel and Iran. 

As part of their work, researchers at Cyble Research and Intelligence Labs also discovered a second campaign employing IRATA, a sophisticated Android banking malware actively targeting users within Iran. In some cases, malicious software can appear as legitimate government-sponsored applications, for example, the Islamic Republic of Iran Judicial System and the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, as platforms for disseminating malware. 

IRATA is a malicious software program designed to attack over 50 financial and cryptocurrency-related applications. Android's Accessibility Services are exploited to identify specific banking applications, extract sensitive information about the account, harvest card credentials, and steal financial information. 

The IRATA software not only has the capability of stealing data, but it also has advanced surveillance capabilities, such as remote device control, SMS and contact harvesting, hiding icons, capturing screenshots, and observing installed applications in real time. By utilising these features, the malware can carry out highly targeted fraud operations, causing significant financial damage to the targeted users as a result. 

These two malware incidents, together with the others, illustrate a pattern of cyber threats that are increasingly targeted and politically charged, exploiting national conflict narratives and digital vulnerabilities in order to disrupt strategic operations and exploit financial opportunities. A cyber operation has become an integral part of modern warfare as it shapes public perception and destabilises adversaries from within, thereby influencing public perception and destabilising adversaries. 

A cyberattack is a common occurrence during traditional military conflicts in which critical systems are disrupted, but also psychological distress is instilled in civilian populations through the use of cyberattacks. Cyberattacks that cause significant damage to national infrastructure are usually reserved for the strategic phase before large-scale military operations. However, smaller-scale incursions and disinformation campaigns often appear in advance, causing confusion and fear in the process. 

The analogy is drawn from Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which was preceded by cyber operations that were used to prepare for kinetic attacks. Security experts have reported that Iran's current cyber strategy appears to follow a similar pattern to the one described above. As a consequence of this, Iran has opted to deploy disinformation campaigns and relatively limited cyberattacks rather than unleash large-scale disruptive attacks.

It has been suggested by experts that the intent is not necessarily to cause immediate physical damage, but to cause psychological unease, undermine trust in digital infrastructure, and maintain strategic ambiguity as well. Although Israel is well known for its advanced cyber capabilities, its cyber capabilities present a substantial counterforce in this regard. 

Even though Israel has a long-standing reputation for conducting advanced cyber operations, including the Stuxnet campaign, which crippled Iran's nuclear program, the nation is considered to be among the world's most advanced cyber powers. In recent history, one of the most effective cyber espionage operations has been carried out by the elite military cyber intelligence division Unit 8200. A pro-Israeli hacking group has claimed responsibility for a significant attack that occurred earlier today against Iran’s Bank Sepah, reflecting the current state of cyber engagement. 

As a result of the attack, the bank's service outages have been severe, and the bank's data has been irreversibly destroyed, an accusation which, if verified, indicates a significant escalation in financial cyber warfare. According to cybersecurity researchers, as happened with previous geopolitical flashpoints like the Hamas attacks of October 7, they expect a surge of activity as ideologically driven hackers attempt to use the conflict for political messages, influence building, or disruption, just as there has been in the past. 

Today's digitally integrated battlespaces emphasise the crucial intersection between cyber operations, psychological warfare, and geopolitical strategy. It is becoming increasingly evident that as the Israel-Iran conflict intensifies both physically and digitally, the cyber dimension has developed, posing urgent challenges not only for the nations directly involved in the conflict but also for a broader global community in general. 

Considering the interconnected nature of cyberspace, regional hostilities can have wide-ranging impacts on multinational corporations, cross-border infrastructure, and even individual consumers through ripple effects. Creating resilience in this volatile environment requires more than just reactive security measures; it also requires proactive intelligence gathering, continuous threat monitoring, and robust international cooperation. 

It is imperative for organisations operating in sensitive sectors - especially those in the finance and healthcare industries, energy sector and government sector - to prioritise cybersecurity, implement zero-trust architectures, and be on the lookout for rapidly changing threat patterns that are driven by geopolitical issues. 

Additionally, as cyber warfare becomes an increasingly normalised extension of military strategy, governments and private companies should both invest in digital diplomacy and cyber crisis response frameworks in order to prevent the long-term consequences of cyber warfare. The current crisis has served as a stark reminder that a modern war is one in which the digital front is not just a complement to the battles, but is at the centre of them.

Cybercriminals Are Now Tricking Holidaymakers: How You Can Stay Safe

 


People planning their holidays are now facing a sneaky online threat. Cyber experts have discovered that hackers are building fake travel websites that closely resemble popular booking platforms. These websites are designed to fool people who are searching for vacation deals.


Imitation Websites Can Fool You

Researchers from HP Wolf Security have found that cyber attackers are copying the design of trusted travel sites, such as Booking.com. The fake pages use the same colours, logos, and overall style as the real ones, making it very difficult for most people to spot the difference.

However, there is a key warning sign. The information on these fake sites appears blurry or unclear. On top of this blurred page, a pop-up message shows up asking you to accept cookies.

Most internet users are familiar with cookie permission requests. Accepting cookies is normally safe and helps websites remember your settings. But in this scam, clicking on the cookie button secretly starts downloading harmful files.


What Happens When You Click?

When someone clicks to accept the cookies on these fake sites, a dangerous file is immediately downloaded to their computer. This file installs a type of harmful program known as a remote access trojan, or RAT.

The specific malware used in this case is called XWorm. Once installed, this program gives hackers full control over the device. The attackers can view your personal files, turn on your camera or microphone, shut down your security software, install other harmful programs, and steal important information such as passwords.


Why Holidaymakers Are Being Targeted

The security team noticed that this scam began spreading in early 2025. This period is when many people are busy planning summer trips and are more likely to click quickly without checking details carefully.

Experts also explained that because cookie banners have become a normal part of browsing, many people automatically click to accept without stopping to think. Hackers are using this habit to spread their malware more easily.


How to Protect Yourself

The most important way to stay safe is to slow down when browsing travel websites. Always check the web address carefully to make sure you are on the official website. Be extra careful if the page looks blurry, or if the cookie pop-up seems strange.

Take your time before clicking anything. Do not rush when making bookings, even if you feel excited or pressured. Scammers depend on people clicking too quickly.

Being careful and paying attention can help keep you safe from these kinds of online traps. Always verify the website before you move forward.

Smartwatches: New Air-Gapped System Assault Vehicle

 

A novel assault identified as 'SmartAttack' leverages smartwatches as a covert ultrasonic signal receiver to extract data from physically isolated (air-gapped) devices.

Air-gapped systems, which are often used in mission-critical environments such as government buildings, weapons platforms, and nuclear power plants, are physically separated from external networks to prevent malware infestations and data theft. Despite their isolation, they are still susceptible to compromise from insider threats like rogue employees utilising USB devices or state-sponsored supply chain attacks. 

Once infiltrated, malware can function silently, modulating the physical features of hardware components to communicate sensitive data to a nearby receiver without interfering with the system's regular operations. 

SmartAttack was developed by Israeli university researchers led by Mordechai Guri, a covert attack channel expert who has previously shown ways for leaking data using LCD screen noise, RAM modulation, network card LEDs, USB drive RF signals, SATA connectors, and power supply. While assaults on air-gapped environments are often theoretical and exceedingly difficult to execute, they do present interesting and unique ways to exfiltrate data. 

Modus operandi

SmartAttack requires malware to infect an air-gapped machine in order to acquire sensitive data such as keystrokes, encryption keys, and credentials. It can then use the computer's built-in speaker to send ultrasonic signals into the environment. The audio signal frequencies can be modified using binary frequency shift keying (B-FSK) to represent binary data, also known as ones and zeros. A frequency of 18.5 kHz symbolises "0," whereas 19.5 kHz represents "1.”

Humans cannot hear frequencies in this range, but they can be picked up by a smartwatch microphone worn by someone close. The smartwatch's sound monitoring app uses signal processing to detect frequency shifts and demodulate encoded signals, as well as integrity tests. The final data exfiltration can occur via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular connectivity. 

Performance and limitations 

The researchers point out that smartwatches use smaller, lower-SNR microphones than smartphones, making signal demodulation challenging, particularly at higher frequencies and lower signal intensities. Even wrist position was discovered to be a significant factor in the attack's feasibility, with the watch operating best when it is in "line-of-sight" with the computer speaker. 

The maximum transmission range varies per transmitter (speaker type) and is between 6 and 9 meters (20 - 30 feet). Data transmission rates range from 5 to 50 bits per second (bps), with dependability decreasing as rate and distance rise. Prohibiting smartwatch use in safe settings is the best method to combat the SmartAttack, according to the researchers. 

Eliminating the built-in speakers from air-gapped devices would be an additional step. This would remove the attack surface for not just SmartAttack but all acoustic covert routes. If none of this is practical, ultrasonic jamming using software-based firewalls, audio-gapping, and wideband noise emission may still work.

‘SmartAttack’: New Covert Threat Uses Smartwatches to Steal Data from Air-Gapped Systems via Ultrasound

 

A new cybersecurity threat dubbed "SmartAttack" demonstrates how smartwatches can covertly capture ultrasonic signals to extract sensitive data from air-gapped computers—systems traditionally considered highly secure due to their physical isolation from external networks.

Air-gapped environments are widely used in sensitive sectors such as defense, government, and nuclear power facilities to safeguard against external cyber intrusions. However, researchers have long warned that insider threats or state-sponsored supply chain attacks can bypass this isolation, allowing malware to operate silently.

Once a device is compromised, malware can manipulate physical components like speakers, screens, and cables to transmit confidential information to nearby receivers—without affecting the machine’s core operations.

“SmartAttack was devised by Israeli university researchers led by Mordechai Guri, a specialist in the field of covert attack channels who previously presented methods to leak data using LCD screen noise, RAM modulation, network card LEDs, USB drive RF signals, SATA cables, and power supplies.”

In SmartAttack, once malware is present on an air-gapped machine, it collects sensitive data—such as keystrokes, credentials, and encryption keys—and emits ultrasonic signals through the computer’s built-in speakers using binary frequency shift keying (B-FSK). These sound waves, though inaudible to humans, can be picked up by a smartwatch microphone worn by someone nearby.

The smartwatch, running a custom sound monitoring app, detects frequency shifts and demodulates the data. From there, information can be relayed using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or cellular networks, either intentionally by a rogue insider or unknowingly by the wearer.

Despite its innovation, the attack comes with constraints. Smartwatch microphones have lower signal-to-noise ratios than phones, making it difficult to decode signals accurately. The orientation of the wrist, speaker type, and physical distance (6–9 meters max) further affect performance. The data transfer rate ranges from 5 to 50 bits per second, with higher rates reducing reliability.

To mitigate this threat, the researchers suggest banning wearable devices like smartwatches in sensitive areas. Removing built-in speakers from secure computers could also neutralize acoustic exfiltration channels entirely. Additional safeguards include ultrasonic jamming, software firewalls, and audio-gapping.

While SmartAttack may sound like science fiction, it highlights the growing sophistication of covert cyberattacks, especially in environments where security is assumed to be airtight.

M&S Faces £300M Loss After Cyberattack Involving DragonForce and Scattered Spider

 

Marks & Spencer has resumed its online services after a serious cyberattack earlier this year that disrupted its operations and is expected to slash profits by £300 million. The British retail giant’s digital operations were hit hard, and recent developments suggest the breach may have been orchestrated by multiple hacker groups. 

A hacking group known as DragonForce is now linked to the incident. According to reports by the BBC, the group sent an email to M&S CEO Stuart Machin shortly after the attack, boasting about their success and demanding ransom. The message, written in aggressive and alarming language, implied the group had encrypted the retailer’s servers. DragonForce, which has rebranded itself as a “Ransomware Cartel,” operates by offering malware tools to affiliates in exchange for a percentage of ransom earnings. 

Originally emerging in 2023, the group has become increasingly active on major dark web forums in recent months. While some cybersecurity experts believe the group is based in Malaysia, others speculate ties to Russia. They have also been linked to a similar attack on the Co-op. Meanwhile, another group, Scattered Spider, had earlier been suspected of executing the attack. Known for its advanced social engineering techniques, the group is composed primarily of young hackers from the US and UK. They have previously impersonated IT personnel and used SIM swapping tactics to breach organizations. 

In 2023, they gained notoriety after cyberattacks on major US casino operators like Caesars Entertainment and MGM Resorts, resulting in multi-million-dollar ransoms. The M&S cyberattack, disclosed on April 22, disrupted online orders and even stopped contactless payments in physical stores. As a result, hundreds of agency workers were temporarily relieved from duty. The company confirmed that customer data—including names, email addresses, addresses, and birth dates—was compromised during the breach. The cause, according to Machin, was human error by a third-party service provider. 

In response to the growing threat, the UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) issued industry-wide guidance. Law enforcement agencies, including the National Crime Agency (NCA), are actively investigating the case and considering whether the incidents involving these hacker groups are interconnected. The financial impact has been significant. M&S’s market value dropped by £650 million in the days following the attack. Despite these setbacks, the company has now reopened its standard delivery service in England, Scotland, and Wales, with additional services like click-and-collect and international orders expected to follow soon. 

In a recent statement, M&S emphasized its commitment to restoring customer trust and maintaining high service standards. The company said, “Our stores have remained operational, and we’re now focused on delivering the quality and service our customers expect as we recover from this disruption.”

United Natural Foods Confirms Network Disruption from Cyberattack

 


United Natural Foods Inc.'s operations were disrupted by a serious cybersecurity incident. There have been widespread supply chain issues and widespread product shortages at Whole Foods Market locations all over the United States due to the company's failure to meet the demands of its customers. In addition to serving as the primary distributor of Whole Foods, a flagship grocery chain under the umbrella of Amazon, UNFI also plays a crucial role in the organic food supply chain. 

It is headquartered in Rhode Island. This cyberattack was discovered by the company on June 5, according to a recent filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission. When the company discovered the cyberattack, several internal systems were immediately taken offline to contain the threat, which significantly hindered the company's ability to process and fulfil orders for customers. 

In spite of the ongoing investigation, specifics regarding the nature and origin of the breach remain unadvertised, but it is a troubling development that aligns with a troubling pattern of ransomware attacks recently targeting large retailers and supply chain operators. According to experts, sophisticated cybercriminal groups are likely to have been the perpetrators of the intrusion, using malicious software to compromise critical business systems and extort money in exchange for their recovery. 

A spokesperson for Whole Foods responded to the disruption by apologising briefly for the inconvenience it caused customers and reassuring the public that restocking efforts are underway right now. However, the company declined to comment further on the extent of the impact or if there were any timeframes for full recovery as a result of the disruption. 

The investigation has highlighted the growing vulnerabilities of the digital infrastructure of essential service providers, which have led to a cascading effect of such breaches on consumer access to everyday goods United Natural Foods Inc. As the investigation continues, the company has revealed that it has suffered a significant cybersecurity breach that has impacted the operations of the company and shaken investor confidence in its stock price. 

UNFI is a leading wholesale distributor for Whole Foods Market, owned by Amazon. According to the company's announcement made public by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), unauthorised access to its IT systems was detected on June 5 of this year. As a result of the intrusion, UNFI immediately deactivated portions of its network, a measure that, since then, has resulted in widespread disruptions and delays in the fulfilment of customer orders due to widespread interruptions to operations.

The stock value of the company fell sharply after the disclosure of the incident, dropping by about 7%. This is indicative of the growing concerns among investors regarding the scope of the incident and the potential business ramifications. According to UNFI, the incident is currently being investigated by cybersecurity teams to assess the scope of the incident, as well as revert to normal operations as quickly and securely as possible. 

There has already been a temporary disruption to the company's business functions, including supply chain and order fulfilment processes, as a result of the cyberattack, and this will probably continue in the future, according to the company. With over 30,000 retail locations serving over $30 billion in annual revenue as one of North America's largest full-service food distributors, UNFI's vulnerability to such an attack highlights what is becoming increasingly evident: even industry giants with vast resources are not exempt from cyber threats in the digital age. 

Although experts are yet to confirm the exact nature of the breach, it appears that it may be part of a broader ransomware campaign that targets major supply chain operators. In light of the growing sophistication and aggressive nature of cybercriminals, essential service providers are faced with an increasing number of cybersecurity risks that should be emphasised to ensure robust digital defences are in place. 

UNITED NATURAL FOODS INC (UNFI) is a leading global food distribution company that operates a range of food brands like Wild Harvest, Culinary Circle, and Essential Everyday, all of which cater to the growing demand for natural, organic, and speciality items. In addition to its vast wholesale operations, Cub Foods and Shoppers also own and operate 76 retail stores that are operated under their respective banners.

It has, however, maintained a strong financial position because it is primarily reliant on its wholesale division for revenue, accounting for over 95% of the company's total revenue, emphasising the vital role it plays in the food supply chain as a whole. A recent earnings call of the UNFI leadership team was challenged on whether certain operational aspects of the business may have contributed to the company being vulnerable to cyberattacks as a result. 

Furthermore, analysts were pressed for more clarity on whether the security breach would prompt a re-evaluation of the company's future investment strategy, especially for IT infrastructure upgrades and cybersecurity improvements. In spite of the fact that the company has not yet provided a detailed response to the incident, there is no doubt that the incident has raised concerns about its digital defences and its risk mitigation protocols, which are undoubtedly being examined both internally and externally. 
Cyber threats are continuing to grow, both in scale and sophistication, as a result of the breach at UNFI. As a consequence, critical infrastructure operators, especially those operating in vital sectors like food distribution, are under increasing pressure to prioritise cybersecurity as an integral part of corporate governance and operational continuity. There is a good chance that the event will act as a catalyst for UNFI to reevaluate and strengthen its technological investments so as to ensure its expansive supply chain and digital ecosystem remain secure in the future. 

As a result of an escalation in cyberattacks within the food and agriculture industry within the past five years, industry data is revealing that over the next five years, cyberattacks will be at a staggering 600%. A growing threat has caused federal authorities to express greater concern, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which has issued formal warnings to private businesses concerning this growing threat. 

Specifically, the agency cited ransomware as a critical threat to farms, food processors, manufacturers, and large-scale producers—all of whom play an integral role in the supply chain both nationally and globally. In the past, notable incidents have highlighted the severity of the threat landscape. For example, in 2021, meat processing giant JBS fell victim to a ransomware attack attributed to the REvil (Sodinokibi) group, which is believed to have been linked to Russia as a ransomware-as-a-service operator. 

For JBS to regain access to its systems after the breach, cybercriminals charged it a $11 million fee. It is also important to point out that, in 2023, a large producer company called Dole temporarily stopped processing and distributing its products after it reported a ransomware attack that severely impaired its operational capabilities. 

A recent cyberattack on United Natural Foods Inc. reflects this troubling trend, and it highlights how retail and supply chain infrastructure are becoming increasingly vulnerable. Semperis' director of incident response, Jeff Wichman, a cybersecurity expert, said the breach falls within a larger wave of cyberattacks that have recently affected major retailers, such as Sam's Club and Ahold Delhaize, which is one of the largest food retail conglomerates in the world. 

A number of organisations within these sectors, including the food and beverage sector, must be vigilant against cyberattacks in the future. As cyberattacks continue to increase in frequency and sophistication, Wizman explained that this incident is yet another critical reminder that they must enhance their preparedness. In its most recent statement, United Natural Foods confirmed that efforts are underway to reestablish full operational capabilities after restoring affected systems. 

Also, the company reported that the police have been informed of the breach, digital forensics experts have been engaged, as well as several computer systems have been proactively taken offline to contain further exposure. United Natural Foods Inc. stated that the breach has limited its impact on the company's business and contained further exposure in its most recent financial disclosure. A company called UNFI (UNFI) reported net sales of $8.1 billion in the fiscal quarter ending May 3, 2025, demonstrating the company's continued dominance in the wholesale grocery market in North America. 

Despite strong performance on the top line, UNFI has indicated that despite its full-year outlook for 2025, it is expected to report a net loss in income and earnings per share, even though it achieved a strong top-line performance. As a result of terminating a significant supply contract with a large grocery chain located in the northeastern part of the United States, the company's financial prospects have already been severely impacted by this anticipated downturn. 

A recent cyberattack has not prompted UNFI to adjust its fiscal guidance at the present time, as a comprehensive internal assessment must be conducted to evaluate the full scope and potential financial consequences of this attack. Executives at the company stressed that, despite the fact that the breach has brought about operational uncertainty, any changes to the company's financial outlook will be determined based on the comprehensive analysis currently being conducted. 

Even though UNFI has lost contracts and suffered a cyberattack, the multifaceted challenges it is facing are underscored as it attempts to stabilise operations, maintain retailer confidence, and safeguard shareholders' value in an increasingly volatile environment that has made the organisation more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Despite the continuing effects of the cyberattack on United Natural Foods Inc., this incident continues to serve as a crucial lesson for organisations operating within complex supply chain ecosystems. 

As a consequence, it underscores the importance of adopting forward-looking, resilience-driven cybersecurity strategies that integrate digital risk management into the fabric of every company's daily operations as a way of addressing cybersecurity threats in the future. For food and logistics providers whose services directly affect national infrastructure and consumer access to essential goods, cybersecurity is a business-critical function that must not be overlooked as an IT peripheral concern. 

Increasing threat actor sophistication and a widening attack surface posed by increasingly complex digital ecosystems are the reasons why companies need to invest more in advanced threat detection, zero-trust architectures, and employee cyber hygiene in order to be on top of things. UNFI's recent breach may be a turning point in not only the company's history but also in the industry at large. 

This breach might prompt a broader reevaluation of how cybersecurity readiness is integrated into strategic planning, regulatory compliance, as well as stakeholder trust. With the rapidly evolving cyber threat landscape, organisations that take proactive, system-level action are going to be best positioned to mitigate disruption, protect brand integrity, maintain operational continuity, and maintain operational efficiency as they navigate these new, evolving threats.