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Showing posts with label Cyber Attacks. Show all posts
Steam
Cyber Attacks Gaming Internet Online Gaming Phishing Attack Steam

Hackers Target 'Counter Strike-2' Players Via Fake Steam Login Pop-ups

Hackers Target 'Counter Strike-2' Players Via Fake Steam Login Pop-ups

Browser-in-the-browser attacks are simple yet sophisticated phishing scams. Hackers emulate trusted services via fake pop-up windows that look like the actual (real) login pages. While there have been a lot of reports describing browser-in-the-browser tactics, it is very difficult to actually catch a hacker deploying this campaign.

Fake Steam pages used to target gamers

Cybercriminals are targeting Counter-Strike 2 (a free-to-play tactical first-person shooter game) players using a disguised Steam login page that looks quite convincing. The fake page tricks innocent gamers into giving away their account IDs and passwords.

The hackers distributed the attack on the websites that pretended to represent the sports team Navi. “Part of the campaign’s attack tactics also includes abusing the name of a professional esports team called Navi,” reports cybersecurity vendor Silent Push. The hackers offered visitors free weapons skins or a “free case” that could be used in the game. To get these freebies, the phishing page demanded users to log in to Steam. 

“All of the websites our team has found so far were in English save one Chinese site, simplegive[.]cn, which was created in Mandarin, with some English wording, and used the top-level domain (TLD) '.cn,” reports Silent Push.

Campaign explained

The campaign, an example of browser-in-the-browser tactic, is built around creating an almost real-looking fake browser pop-up windows that display the URL of the actual website. It aims to make a visitor feel safe; the users believe the pop-up window is part of the real site. When a victim tries to log into the fake Steam portal, the hackers steal their login credentials and also try to take over victim accounts for future resale. After this, the site shows a fake pop-up page that mimics the Steam login portal, including the official “steamcommunity.com” domain in the web address. But the pop-up is a dummy window inside the phishing webpage; Silent Push has shown this in its video.

More about fake pop-up and how to identify it

According to Silent Push, the fake pop-up to the Steam login “cannot be maximized, minimized, or moved outside the browser window even though victims can ‘interact’ with the URL bar of the fake pop-up.” Silent Push also said that the campaign can be more effective for desktop users because the pop-ups are designed to be viewed on a larger resolution, in this case, big screens. All the fake Navi websites discovered were in English, except one Chinese site, which was in Mandarin with few English words. 

The fake websites were hosted on domains like casenaps[.]com, caserevs[.]com, and caseneiv[.]com. However, it doesn’t seem likely that the hackers took the time to make fake pop-ups for mobile phone viewing. To stay safe, users should always check for fake URL bars in any login pop-ups. If you find any URL bar, always drag that window outside of your browser. If it doesn’t move, you can tell the pop-up is fake.

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Troy Hunt
API Keys Credential Phishing Cyber Attacks CyberCrime Cybersecurity CyberThreat Have I Been Pwned Troy Hunt

HaveIBeenPwned Founder Compromised in Phishing Incident

 


The cybersecurity expert Troy Hunt, who founded the data breach notification platform Have I Been Pwned, recently revealed that he had been the victim of a phishing attack that was intended to compromise his subscriber list for the attacker to gain access to his data. Hunt explained the circumstances surrounding this incident in a detailed blog post, and provided screenshots of the deceptive email which enabled the attack to succeed.

In the fraudulent message, the author impersonated Mailchimp, a legitimate email marketing company, and embedded a hyperlink that was directed to a nearly identical, but fraudulent domain, which was a common phishing attack. It was very difficult to distinguish at a glance between the spoofed and authentic domains, which is why MailChimp-sso.com (now deactivated) is so closely similar. In Hunt's case, he acknowledged that he was severely fatigued at the time of the attack, which made it harder for him to act correctly. He also mentioned that he was experiencing jet lag at the time of the attack. 

In response to the email, he accidentally entered his credentials along with the one-time password, which was used for authentication. However, the fraudulent webpage did not proceed to the expected interface as he expected, signalling that the attack had been carried out. As a result of this incident, phishing scams represent a very prevalent risk, which underscores the importance of maintaining constant vigilance, even among cybersecurity professionals.

As soon as Troy Hunt discovered that he had been victimized by a phishing scam, he reset his password and reviewed his account activity immediately. However, since the phishing attack was highly automated, his credentials were already exfiltrated by the time he could respond. Although Hunt has extensive cybersecurity experience, this particular phishing attempt proved to be extremely successful. 

Hunt attributes the success to both his exhaustion after a long flight, as well as the sophistication of the email that was intended to fool others. According to him, the phish was "well-crafted" and was subtly manipulating psychological triggers. In the email, rather than utilizing overt threats or excessive urgency, it was suggested that he would not be able to send newsletters unless he took action. It was thus possible to send the email with just the right amount of apprehension to prompt action without creating suspicions. 

As a result, Hunt, the founder of the Have I Been Pwned platform, a platform that alerts people to compromised credentials, has taken steps to ensure that the information exposed in this incident will be incorporated into his platform in the future, which he hopes will lead to improved performance. A direct notification will be sent to individuals who have been affected by the breach, including both current subscribers and those who have already unsubscribed but are still impacted by the breach. 

Troy Hunt, a cybersecurity expert who runs a blog dedicated to cyber security and privacy, was targeted on March 25, 2018, by a phishing attack that compromised subscriber data from his blog. The attack originates from an email that impersonates Mailchimp, the platform he uses for sending out blog updates via email. According to the fraudulent message, his account had been suspended temporarily because of a spam complaint and he was required to login in order to resolve it.

The fake email made it look authentic by threatening disruption of service and creating a sense of urgency. Hunt was unable to distinguish this attack despite his extensive experience in identifying similar scams, as he was fatigued and jet lag affected his judgment in the process. In his attempt to log in with the email's link, he noticed an anomaly-his password manager did not automatically fill in his credentials. As a result, this could indicate that the website is fraudulent, but this is not a definitive indication, since legitimate services sometimes require a login from a different domain in some cases. 

As a result of the attack, approximately 16,000 email records were successfully exfiltrated, including those of active and unsubscribed readers alike. It is the result of Mailchimp's policy of retaining unsubscribed user information, a practice that is now being reviewed. There were emails, subscription statuses, IP addresses, location metadata and email addresses included in the compromised data, though the geolocation data did not pinpoint subscriber locations specifically. 

When the breach was discovered, immediate steps were taken to prevent further damage from occurring. It was determined that the attacker's API key would be revoked by Mailchimp, and the phishing website would be taken offline once the password was reset. Founder of Have I Been Pwned, a platform that tracks data breaches, Hunt has now added this incident to its database, making sure that affected users have been made aware of the incident. 

As phishing has become increasingly sophisticated over the years, it has moved beyond stereotypical poorly worded emails and implausible requests, moving into new levels of complexity. Cybercriminals today employ extremely sophisticated tactics that take advantage of human psychology, making it more and more difficult for consumers to distinguish between legitimate and fraudulent communications. The recent incident highlights the growing risks associated with targeted phishing attacks, as well as the importance of cybersecurity awareness and defense. 

Key Insights and Takeaways:

Psychological Manipulation and the Subtle Use of Urgency 

The majority of phishing emails are crafted to create a feeling of immediate panic, such as threats of account suspension or urgent payment requests, causing immediate panic within the target. However, modern attackers have honed their strategies, utilizing subtle psychological strategies to weaken the defences of their targets. As a matter of fact, in this case, the fraudulent email implied a very minor yet urgent issue: that the newsletter could not be sent. To manipulate the recipient into taking action, the email created just enough concern without raising suspicions, which led the recipient to respond to the email effectively. It is therefore imperative to recognize psychological manipulation in social engineering attacks, even for small requests that are relatively urgent, especially when it comes to logging into an account or updating one's credentials, to be viewed with suspicion. 

Password Manager Behavior as a Security Indicator 

In this attack, several red flags were pointing at Hunt's password manager's behaviour. Password managers are designed to recognize and auto-fill credentials only when they are used on legitimate websites. It should have been a warning sign in this case that the credentials of the user failed to automatically populate on the website, which could have indicated the website was fraudulent. By paying close attention to their password manager behaviour, users will be able to become more aware of security risks associated with their password manager. The site may be a spoofed one if the credentials are not automatically filled. Instead of entering the login details manually, users should double-check the source of the website and confirm it is authentic before proceeding with the transaction. 

The Limitations of One-Time Passwords (OTPs) in Phishing Attacks 

The multi-factor authentication (MFA) technique is widely considered to be one of the best security measures available, but it is not immune to phishing attacks. In this case, the attackers also requested Hunt to provide a password along with an OTP after he provided his username and password. Once he provided the password, the attackers gained access to his legitimate account immediately. 

A major weakness of OTP-based authentication is the inability to protect against real-time phishing attacks, where credentials are stolen and used instantly. The risk can be mitigated by requiring users to enter OTPs when they see sites that look suspicious or differ slightly from their usual login flow. Users are advised to be cautious when they are asked to enter OTP.

Passkeys as a Stronger, Phishing-Resistant Alternative There is no better way to authenticate a user than using passkeys, which are cryptographic credentials linked to the device of a user instead of traditional passwords. Passkeys are based on biometric authentication, for example, fingerprints, facial recognition, or even on-device authentication mechanisms. 

As passkeys are not associated with manually entering credentials, they have a much higher resistance to phishing attacks than traditional passwords. Passkeys work on the trust-based model, unlike passwords and OTPs, where they require physical access to the device registered for authentication. In contrast to traditional login methods, passkeys are a powerful alternative that can be used in place of traditional login methods and can serve as a valuable defence against phishing attempts as well. 

The Importance of Continuous Security Awareness 


Despite their expertise, even cybersecurity experts can be susceptible to sophisticated attacks, highlighting the importance of maintaining constant vigilance. The best way to enhance your security is to verify URLs carefully – Keep an eye out for slight misspellings or variations in URLs, as attackers are often able to create a lookalike URL by using security keys or passkeys. By using hardware-based authentication, such as YubiKeys, or passkeys, you can be assured that your information will be secure. If anyone receives a suspicious email asking for login credentials, security updates, or sensitive actions, be cautious and verify the message separately. 

Using Advanced Threat Protection – Organizations should take advantage of tools powered by artificial intelligence that are capable of detecting phishing attempts and blocking them in real-time. Educating Employees and Individuals – By attending regular cybersecurity training, you can become aware of the ever-evolving tactics used by phishing websites, minimizing the chances of human error. 

Although it is not possible to ensure complete protection against phishing attacks with just one security measure, adopting a multi-layered approach, a combination of awareness, technological safeguards, and behavioural vigilance, can greatly reduce your chances of becoming a victim of the attack. Despite being an experienced cybersecurity professional, even the most experienced individuals are not immune to social engineering techniques as demonstrated by the Troy Hunt incident. 

There was a significant contribution of fatigue and reduced attentiveness in this case, leading to a misjudgment that was essentially avoidable. It is known that social engineering can be extremely effective when it is employed in the right circumstances to reach the right people at the right time, resulting in a misjudgment that could have been avoided if it had been implemented correctly. The incident illustrates the way cybercriminals are using human weaknesses to achieve their objectives by exploiting human vulnerabilities. 

According to Aditi Gupta, a principal security consultant at Black Duck, attackers use a variety of tactics to manipulate unsuspecting victims, such as fear, urgency, and fatigue, to fool inexperienced people, reinforcing the theory that no one can escape sophisticated phishing schemes altogether. However, Hunt has been praised for being transparent in sharing his experience, which has served as a powerful tool for educating others about the risks associated with cybersecurity, despite the setbacks he has experienced. 

Despite admitting that he had made mistakes, he also expressed concern about Mailchimp’s security practices, especially the fact that the company did not offer two-factor authentication that is phishing resistant and kept intact for years to come. Cyber threats are not only mitigated through continuous vigilance, robust authentication mechanisms, and organizational responsibility, but also through continuous vigilance, robust authentication mechanisms, and organizational responsibility. 

The threat of social engineering attacks continues to increase and to remain protected from these attacks, it is imperative to strengthen security protocols, eliminate conventional authentication methods, and maintain cybersecurity awareness throughout the organization.
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RedCurl
Cyber Attacks Hyper-V encryption QWCrypt ransomware Ransomware attack RedCurl

Corporate Espionage Group ‘RedCurl’ Expands Tactics with Hyper-V Ransomware

 

RedCurl, a cyber threat group active since 2018 and known for stealthy corporate espionage, has now shifted its approach by deploying ransomware targeting Hyper-V virtual machines.

Initially identified by Group-IB, RedCurl primarily targeted corporate organizations globally, later expanding its reach. However, as reported by Bitdefender Labs, the group has now incorporated ransomware into its operations.

"We've seen RedCurl stick to their usual playbook in most cases, continuing with data exfiltration over longer periods of time," states the Bitdefender report. "However, one case stood out. They broke their routine and deployed ransomware for the first time."

With businesses increasingly adopting virtualized infrastructure, ransomware groups are adapting by designing encryptors for these environments. While most ransomware variants target VMware ESXi servers, RedCurl’s latest tool, QWCrypt, focuses specifically on Hyper-V.

Bitdefender’s analysis reveals that RedCurl initiates attacks through phishing emails containing .IMG attachments disguised as CVs. When opened, these disk image files auto-mount in Windows, executing a malicious screensaver file. This technique exploits DLL sideloading via a legitimate Adobe executable, enabling persistence through scheduled tasks.

To avoid detection, RedCurl employs living-off-the-land (LOTL) techniques, leveraging native Windows utilities. A custom wmiexec variant facilitates lateral movement across networks without triggering security tools, while Chisel provides tunneling and remote desktop access.

Before deploying ransomware, the attackers disable security measures using encrypted 7z archives and a multi-stage PowerShell script.

Unlike standard Windows ransomware, QWCrypt supports multiple command-line arguments, allowing attackers to fine-tune encryption strategies. In observed attacks, RedCurl used the --excludeVM argument to avoid encrypting network gateway virtual machines, ensuring continued access.

The XChaCha20-Poly1305 encryption algorithm is employed to lock files, appending .locked$ or .randombits$ extensions. Additionally, QWCrypt offers intermittent encryption (block skipping) and selective file encryption based on size, optimizing speed.

The ransom note, named "!!!how_to_unlock_randombits_files.txt$", incorporates text fragments from multiple ransomware groups, including LockBit, HardBit, and Mimic.

Unlike most ransomware gangs, RedCurl does not operate a dedicated leak site, raising speculation about its true intentions. Experts propose two theories:

The ransomware may serve as a cover for data theft, creating a distraction while RedCurl exfiltrates sensitive corporate information. It could also act as a backup monetization method when clients fail to pay for stolen data. Another possibility is that RedCurl may conduct covert negotiations with victims, focusing on financial gain without public exposure.

"The RedCurl group's recent deployment of ransomware marks a significant evolution in their tactics," Bitdefender concludes. "This departure from their established modus op
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Ransomwares
Backdoor Backdoor Attacks Critical Infrastructure Cyber Attacks RansomHub ransomware ransomware attacks Ransomwares

Betruger Backdoor Linked to RansomHub Ransomware Attacks on Critical Infrastructure

 

A newly discovered backdoor malware, dubbed Betruger, has been identified in multiple recent ransomware attacks. Researchers at Symantec believe at least one affiliate of the RansomHub ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operation is using this sophisticated tool to facilitate cyber intrusions. 

Unlike many conventional malware strains, Betruger functions as a multi-purpose backdoor designed to prepare networks for ransomware deployment while minimizing the need for additional malicious software. Betruger comes equipped with several advanced features commonly associated with pre-ransomware attack stages. These include keylogging, network scanning, privilege escalation, credential theft, screenshot capture, and the ability to upload files to a command-and-control (C2) server. 

Its design suggests that attackers are looking to streamline their intrusion process, reducing reliance on multiple external tools and instead using a single, custom-built malware to execute various attack functions. This approach is relatively rare, as ransomware operators typically rely on widely available tools such as Mimikatz and Cobalt Strike to conduct their attacks. To avoid detection, cybercriminals are disguising Betruger under the filenames ‘mailer.exe’ and ‘turbomailer.exe,’ making it appear like a legitimate email-related application. 

While other ransomware groups have developed proprietary tools for data exfiltration, such as BlackMatter’s Exmatter and BlackByte’s Exbyte, Betruger appears to have a broader range of capabilities beyond just stealing data. The emergence of Betruger coincides with ongoing attacks by RansomHub, a ransomware operation that has been active since February 2024. Previously known as Cyclops and Knight, RansomHub has gained a reputation for focusing on extortion through data theft rather than encrypting victim files. 

Over the past year, the group has targeted several major organizations, including Halliburton, Christie’s, Frontier Communications, Rite Aid, and Kawasaki’s EU division. It was also responsible for leaking Change Healthcare’s stolen data after the BlackCat/ALPHV group’s $22 million exit scam. More recently, RansomHub claimed responsibility for breaching BayMark Health Services, a leading addiction treatment provider in North America. 

The company operates over 400 treatment centers across the U.S. and Canada, serving approximately 75,000 patients daily. The FBI has linked RansomHub affiliates to more than 200 ransomware attacks affecting various critical infrastructure sectors in the U.S., including government agencies, healthcare institutions, and other essential services. With the deployment of Betruger, the group’s operations appear to be evolving, indicating a continued threat to businesses and organizations worldwide.
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Jira server breach
Ascom cyberattack Cyber Attacks Cybersecurity Threats HellCat hackers Jira server breach

Ascom Confirms Cyberattack as HellCat Hackers Exploit Jira Servers

 

Swiss telecommunications company Ascom has disclosed a cyberattack on its IT infrastructure, confirming that the hacker group HellCat exploited compromised credentials to target Jira servers worldwide.

In an official statement, Ascom revealed that its technical ticketing system was breached on Sunday. The company has since launched an investigation to assess the impact of the attack.

With a presence in 18 countries, Ascom specializes in wireless on-site communication solutions. The HellCat hacking group has taken responsibility for the breach and informed BleepingComputer that it has stolen approximately 44GB of data, potentially affecting all divisions of the company.

Ascom assured that despite the intrusion into its technical ticketing system, the attack has not disrupted business operations. The company emphasized that its customers and partners do not need to take any precautionary measures.

“Investigations against such criminal offenses were initiated immediately and are ongoing. Ascom is working closely with the relevant authorities.” – Ascom

Rey, a representative of the HellCat hacking group, claimed that the stolen data includes source codes for multiple products, project details, invoices, confidential documents, and issue logs from Ascom’s ticketing system.

While Ascom has not shared technical specifics about the breach, HellCat has a track record of exploiting Jira ticketing systems, which are commonly used by software development and IT teams. These platforms often store critical data such as source code, authentication keys, IT roadmaps, customer information, and internal project discussions.

HellCat’s Widespread Jira Exploits

HellCat has previously been linked to cyberattacks on major corporations, including Schneider Electric, Telefónica, and Orange Group, all of which suffered breaches through their Jira servers.

Recently, the group also claimed responsibility for hacking British automaker Jaguar Land Rover (JLR), leaking around 700 internal documents. According to the hackers, the stolen data includes development logs, tracking information, source codes, and sensitive employee records.

“At the heart of this latest incident lies a technique that has become HELLCAT’s signature: exploiting Jira credentials harvested from compromised employees that were infected by Infostealers.” – Alon Gal, Co-founder and CTO, Hudson Rock

Gal noted that the JLR breach occurred through credentials belonging to an LG Electronics employee with third-party access to JLR’s Jira server. He further pointed out that these compromised credentials had been exposed for years but remained valid, enabling the hackers to infiltrate the system.

HellCat’s cyber activity has continued, with the group announcing another breach—this time targeting Affinitiv, a marketing and data analytics company serving OEMs and dealerships in the automotive sector. The hackers claim to have accessed Affinitiv’s Jira system, stealing a database containing over 470,000 unique email addresses and more than 780,000 records.

Affinitiv has acknowledged the reported attack and confirmed that an investigation is underway.

To validate their claims, the hackers have published screenshots revealing names, email addresses, postal addresses, and dealership details.

Cybersecurity experts warn that Jira has become a prime target for attackers due to its role in enterprise workflows and the vast amount of sensitive data it contains. Gaining unauthorized access can allow threat actors to move laterally, escalate privileges, and exfiltrate critical information.

Given the ease of acquiring credentials compromised by infostealers and the fact that many remain unchanged for extended periods, experts caution that such attacks may become increasingly common.


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vite
Cyber Attacks Hackers Mallicious URLs vite

Security Warning: New Vite Vulnerability Exposes Private Files

 



A serious security issue has been discovered in Vite, a widely used tool for building web applications. This flaw, identified as CVE-2025-30208, allows attackers to access restricted files on a server. If exploited, it could lead to leaks of sensitive data and potential security risks.  


How the Vulnerability Works  

Vite’s development server is designed to block access to certain files, ensuring that only permitted content is available. However, researchers have found a way to bypass these restrictions using specific URL parameters. By adding "?raw??"or "?import&raw??" to a web address, hackers can trick the system into providing access to protected files.  


Who Is at Risk?  

This issue only affects developers who have made their Vite development server accessible over the internet. Normally, this server is used for local testing, but some developers configure it to be available outside their network using options like “–host” or “server.host.” If a server is open in this way, attackers can use the vulnerability to retrieve private information.  


How Hackers Can Exploit This Flaw  

The problem occurs because Vite handles web addresses incorrectly. In some parts of the system, special characters like “?” are removed, while other parts fail to detect these changes. This inconsistency allows hackers to bypass security restrictions and gain access to files they should not be able to see.  

A Proof-of-Concept (PoC) exploit has already been released, showing how attackers can use this flaw to steal sensitive data. For example, one attack method attempts to read the “.bash_history” file, which can contain records of past commands, stored passwords, and other important details.  


Affected Versions  

This security weakness is present in several versions of Vite, including:  

• 6.2.0 to 6.2.2  

• 6.1.0 to 6.1.1  

• 6.0.0 to 6.0.11  

• 5.0.0 to 5.4.14  

• All versions before 4.5.9  


How to Stay Safe  

To protect against this threat, developers using affected versions of Vite should update immediately to a secure version. The patched versions are:  

• 6.2.3 and newer 

• 6.1.2 and newer  

• 6.0.12 and newer  

• 5.4.15 and newer 

• 4.5.10 and newer  

Additionally, it is best to avoid exposing Vite’s development server to the internet unless absolutely necessary. Keeping development environments private reduces the risk of attacks and protects sensitive data.  

This vulnerability is a reminder that keeping software up to date is essential for security. Developers should act quickly to install the latest patches and ensure their applications remain protected from cyber threats.

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Malwares
Arcane Cyber Attacks Data Safety User Data data security Data Stealer Discord Infostealer Infostealer Malware Kaspersky Malwares

Arcane Malware Steals VPN, Gaming, and Messaging Credentials in New Cyber Threat

 

A newly identified malware strain, Arcane, is making headlines for its ability to steal a vast range of user data. This malicious software infiltrates systems to extract sensitive credentials from VPN services, gaming platforms, messaging apps, and web browsers. Since its emergence in late 2024, Arcane has undergone several modifications, increasing its effectiveness and expanding its reach. 

Unlike other cyber threats with long-established histories, Arcane is not linked to previous malware versions carrying a similar name. Analysts at Kaspersky have observed that the malware primarily affects users in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. This is an unusual pattern, as many Russian-based cybercriminal groups tend to avoid targeting their home region to steer clear of legal consequences. 

Additionally, communications linked to Arcane’s operators suggest that they are Russian-speaking, reinforcing its likely origin. The malware spreads through deceptive content on YouTube, where cybercriminals post videos promoting game cheats and cracked software. Viewers are enticed into downloading files that appear legitimate but contain hidden malware. Once opened, these files initiate a process that installs Arcane while simultaneously bypassing Windows security settings. 

This allows the malware to operate undetected, giving hackers access to private information. Prior to Arcane, the same group used a different infostealer known as VGS, a modified version of an older trojan. However, since November 2024, they have shifted to distributing Arcane, incorporating a new tool called ArcanaLoader. This fake installer claims to provide free access to premium game software but instead delivers the malware. 

It has been heavily marketed on YouTube and Discord, with its creators even offering financial incentives to content creators for promoting it. Arcane stands out because of its ability to extract detailed system data and compromise various applications. It collects hardware specifications, scans installed software, and retrieves login credentials from VPN clients, communication platforms, email services, gaming accounts, and cryptocurrency wallets. Additionally, the malware captures screenshots, which can expose confidential information visible on the victim’s screen. 

Though Arcane is currently targeting specific regions, its rapid evolution suggests it could soon expand to a broader audience. Cybersecurity experts warn that malware of this nature can lead to financial theft, identity fraud, and further cyberattacks. Once infected, victims must reset all passwords, secure compromised accounts, and ensure their systems are thoroughly cleaned. 

To reduce the risk of infection, users are advised to be cautious when downloading third-party software, especially from unverified sources. Game cheats and pirated programs often serve as delivery methods for malicious software, making them a significant security threat. Avoiding these downloads altogether is the safest approach to protecting personal information.
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threat report
2FA Cyber Attacks Phishing Campaign Roman Encryption threat report

Roman Encryption Employed In Nearly 9K Phishing Attacks

 

Unpredictability is a hallmark of cybersecurity work. I doubt you expected to read an article linking Julius Caesar, the ancient Roman ruler, to almost a million phishing attacks so far in 2025. But, here we are. The phishing threat continues to grow, motivated by the lure of disseminating infostealer malware and exemplified by more sophisticated efforts, as the FBI has warned. 

The majority of cybercriminals involved in phishing assaults are not malicious coding experts; rather, they are what you might refer to as low-level chancers, with little expertise but high aspirations for a lucrative payout. Phishing-as-a-service platforms, which eliminate the need for all that bothersome technical expertise, aid them in this evil undertaking. According to recently published research, Tycoon 2FA is the most popular of these platforms and that's where Julius Caesar comes in.

It should come as no surprise that phishing is a persistent menace to both consumers and organisations. These are no longer the simple "you've won the Canadian lottery" or "I'm a Nigerian Prince and want to give you money" hoaxes of the past, but, thanks to AI, they've become much more difficult to detect and, as a result, much tougher to resist. As previously stated, the use of phishing-as-a-service platforms to accelerate attack formulation and deployment is especially problematic. 

Barracuda Networks security researchers released a report on March 19 outlining a whopping one million attacks in January and February alone. This figure becomes even more concerning when you consider that one platform, Tycoon 2FA, accounted for 89% of them. 

Nuch of this seems to be recent, with an outbreak in the middle of February, according to Deerendra Prasad, an associate threat analyst in Barracuda Network's threat analyst team, who stated that an investigation "revealed that the platform has continued to develop and enhance its evasive mechanisms, becoming even harder to detect.”

The malicious scripts used to prevent defenders from analysing the phishing pages have been updated to help evade discovery, Prasad said. The new script is not in plain text, but—wait for it—encrypted using a shifting substitution cipher. Indeed, there is something called a Caesar Cipher. This works by replacing every plaintext letter in a string with another that is a specified number of letters down the alphabet. 

To be honest, it's about as simple as it gets, because decrypting such messages requires only the shift number. It is named after Julius Caesar, who was known to use encryption to keep his personal communication private while in transit. "This script is responsible for several processes," Prasad told me, "such as stealing user credentials and exfiltrating them to an attacker-controlled server.”
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Microsoft
Cyber Attacks GitHub Infostealer Malvertising Microsoft

Microsoft Warns of Malvertising Campaign Impacting Over 1 Million Devices Worldwide

 

Microsoft has revealed details of a large-scale malvertising campaign that is believed to have impacted over one million devices worldwide as part of an opportunistic attack aimed at stealing sensitive information. 

The tech giant, which discovered the activity in early December 2024, is tracking it under the broader Storm-0408 umbrella, which refers to a group of attackers known for distributing remote access or information-stealing malware via phishing, search engine optimisation (SEO), or malvertising.

"The attack originated from illegal streaming websites embedded with malvertising redirectors, leading to an intermediary website where the user was then redirected to GitHub and two other platforms," the Microsoft Threat Intelligence team stated. "The campaign impacted a wide range of organizations and industries, including both consumer and enterprise devices, highlighting the indiscriminate nature of the attack.”

The campaign relied on GitHub to deliver initial access payloads, but payloads were also detected on Discord and Dropbox. The GitHub repositories were removed, but the number of such repositories was not disclosed. The Microsoft-owned code hosting service serves as a staging ground for dropper malware, which deploys a series of ads.

The Microsoft-owned code hosting site serves as a staging ground for dropper malware, which is in charge of launching a number of further programs such as Lumma Stealer and Doenerium, which can then collect system information. The assault also uses a sophisticated redirection chain with four to five layers, with the first redirector embedded in an iframe element on unlawful streaming websites that serve pirated content.

The entire infection sequence consists of several stages, including system discovery, information collecting, and the employment of follow-on payloads like NetSupport RAT and AutoIT scripts to assist more data theft. The remote access trojan also acts as a gateway for stealer malware. 

  • First stage: Establish a footing on target devices.
  • Second stage: system reconnaissance, collection, exfiltration, and payload delivery. 
  • Third stage: It involves command execution, payload delivery, defence evasion, persistence, command-and-control communications, and data exfiltration. 
  • Fourth stage: PowerShell script for configuring Microsoft Defender exclusions and running commands to download data from a remote server. 

Another feature of the assaults is the use of numerous PowerShell scripts to download NetSupport RAT, identify installed apps and security software, and scan for the presence of cryptocurrency wallets, which indicates possible financial data theft.

"Besides the information stealers, PowerShell, JavaScript, VBScript, and AutoIT scripts were run on the host," Microsoft said. "The threat actors incorporated use of living-off-the-land binaries and scripts (LOLBAS) like PowerShell.exe, MSBuild.exe, and RegAsm.exe for C2 and data exfiltration of user data and browser credentials.” 

The disclosure comes after Kaspersky reported that fake websites masquerading as DeepSeek and Grok artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are being used to lure users into installing a previously unknown Python information stealer.

DeekSeek-themed decoy sites promoted by verified accounts on X (e.g., @ColeAddisonTech, @gaurdevang2, and @saduq5) have also been used to run a PowerShell script that leverages SSH to enable attackers remote access to the machine. 

"Cybercriminals use various schemes to lure victims to malicious resources,' the Russian cybersecurity company noted. "Typically, links to such sites are distributed through messengers and social networks. Attackers may also use typosquatting or purchase ad traffic to malicious sites through numerous affiliate programs.”
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Malwares
Cyber Attacks cybercriminals data security Data Theft Hackers Infostealer Infostealer Malware Malware attacks Malwares

The Growing Threat of Infostealer Malware: What You Need to Know

 

Infostealer malware is becoming one of the most alarming cybersecurity threats, silently stealing sensitive data from individuals and organizations. This type of malware operates stealthily, often going undetected for long periods while extracting valuable information such as login credentials, financial details, and personal data. As cybercriminals refine their tactics, infostealer attacks have become more frequent and sophisticated, making it crucial for users to stay informed and take preventive measures. 

A significant reason for concern is the sheer scale of data theft caused by infostealers. In 2024 alone, security firm KELA reported that infostealer malware was responsible for leaking 3.9 billion passwords and infecting over 4.3 million devices worldwide. Similarly, Huntress’ 2025 Cyber Threat Report revealed that these threats accounted for 25% of all cyberattacks in the previous year. This data highlights the growing reliance of cybercriminals on infostealers as an effective method of gathering personal and corporate information for financial gain. 

Infostealers operate by quietly collecting various forms of sensitive data. This includes login credentials, browser cookies, email conversations, banking details, and even clipboard content. Some variants incorporate keylogging capabilities to capture every keystroke a victim types, while others take screenshots or exfiltrate files. Cybercriminals often use the stolen data for identity theft, unauthorized financial transactions, and large-scale corporate breaches. Because these attacks do not immediately disrupt a victim’s system, they are harder to detect, allowing attackers to extract vast amounts of information over time. Hackers distribute infostealer malware through multiple channels, making it a widespread threat. 

Phishing emails remain one of the most common methods, tricking victims into downloading infected attachments or clicking malicious links. However, attackers also embed infostealers in pirated software, fake browser extensions, and even legitimate platforms. For example, in February 2025, a game called PirateFi was uploaded to Steam and later found to contain infostealer malware, compromising hundreds of devices before it was removed. Social media platforms, such as YouTube and LinkedIn, are also being exploited to spread malicious files disguised as helpful tools or software updates. 

Beyond stealing data, infostealers serve as an entry point for larger cyberattacks. Hackers often use stolen credentials to gain unauthorized access to corporate networks, paving the way for ransomware attacks, espionage, and large-scale financial fraud. Once inside a system, attackers can escalate their access, install additional malware, and compromise more critical assets. This makes infostealer infections not just an individual threat but a major risk to businesses and entire industries.  

The prevalence of infostealer malware is expected to grow, with attackers leveraging AI to improve phishing campaigns and developing more advanced evasion techniques. According to Check Point’s 2025 Cybersecurity Report, infostealer infections surged by 58% globally, with Europe, the Middle East, and Africa experiencing some of the highest increases. The SYS01 InfoStealer campaign, for instance, impacted millions across multiple continents, showing how widespread the issue has become. 

To mitigate the risks of infostealer malware, individuals and organizations must adopt strong security practices. This includes using reliable antivirus software, enabling multi-factor authentication (MFA), and avoiding downloads from untrusted sources. Regularly updating software and monitoring network activity can also help detect and prevent infections. Given the growing threat, cybersecurity awareness and proactive defense strategies are more important than ever.
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Security Vulnerabilities
Cyber Attacks cybercriminal threats DoS home network safety internet Security IoT Public Wifi Security Vulnerabilities

Deauthentication Attacks Leave Wi-Fi Networks at Risk

 

A recent report from Nozomi Networks has revealed that the vast majority of Wi-Fi networks are highly vulnerable to deauthentication attacks, a common form of denial-of-service (DoS) attack. After analyzing telemetry from hundreds of operational technology (OT) and internet of things (IoT) environments, the study found that 94% of Wi-Fi networks lacked the necessary security measures to prevent these types of cyber intrusions. 

Deauthentication attacks exploit weaknesses in network protocols to force devices off a Wi-Fi network, causing disruptions that can pave the way for more severe cyber threats. Attackers manipulate a feature in the Wi-Fi protocol by sending fraudulent deauthentication frames, tricking devices into disconnecting. While the immediate impact may seem limited to temporary network interruptions, these attacks are often the first step in larger cyber operations, leading to data breaches and unauthorized access. 

One of the key findings of the report is that only 6% of wireless networks analyzed had management frame protection (MFP), a critical security feature that prevents attackers from spoofing network management frames. Without MFP, networks—including those supporting critical national infrastructure (CNI)—are left exposed to malicious actors. The consequences of such vulnerabilities are particularly concerning in high-stakes industries. 

In healthcare, cybercriminals could exploit weak wireless security to access sensitive patient data or interfere with critical medical systems. Industrial environments are also at risk, where a network disruption could halt production lines, disrupt automated processes, or even create safety hazards for workers. With increasing cyberattacks targeting essential sectors, wireless security has become a pressing issue. State-sponsored hacking groups, such as Volt Typhoon and Salt Typhoon, have been linked to breaches in U.S. telecom networks, compromising sensitive communications and establishing persistent access to critical infrastructure networks. 

These incidents highlight how Wi-Fi vulnerabilities can have far-reaching consequences beyond just business operations. The report also identified several other major threats to wireless networks. Rogue access points, for instance, allow attackers to impersonate legitimate networks, tricking devices into connecting and exposing sensitive data. Jamming attacks can overwhelm networks, causing disruptions, while eavesdropping attacks on unencrypted protocols enable cybercriminals to steal credentials and monitor activity. 

To counter these risks, Nozomi Networks recommends a proactive approach to wireless security. Organizations should conduct regular security audits, prioritize anomaly detection, and strengthen endpoint security. Implementing network segmentation can also help limit the impact of potential breaches. By adopting dynamic security strategies rather than static defenses, businesses can reduce their risk exposure and enhance their overall cybersecurity posture.
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Volt Typhoon
Chinese Hacker Cyber Attacks Dragos Massachusetts Volt Typhoon

Chinese APT Volt Typhoon Target U.S. Power Utility in Prolonged Cyberattack

 

Chinese hackers involved in the Volt Typhoon attack spent over a year inside the networks of a major utility company in Littleton, Massachusetts. 

In a report published last week, Dragos, an operational technology (OT) cybersecurity firm, described their work assisting the Littleton Electric Light & Water Department in dealing with what was determined to be part of a larger effort by China's government to preposition their attackers within U.S. critical infrastructure, with the ultimate goal believed to be destructive action taken in the event of a conflict. 

US law enforcement claims the gang has infiltrated a number of vital infrastructure organisations in the United States, as well as Guam. According to Dragos, the Massachusetts utility found its systems had been compromised soon before Thanksgiving in 2023. 

David Ketchen, the utility's assistant general manager, received a phone call from the FBI on a Friday afternoon informing him of a possible compromise. On the following Monday, FBI agents and representatives from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) arrived at the company's premises. 

The utility has provided power and water to the towns of Littleton and Boxborough, roughly 30 miles northwest of Boston, for over a century, but has battled in recent years to keep up with the growing amount of cyber threats. They approached Dragos after learning about the Volt Typhoon compromise. A review revealed that the Volt Typhoon had been in the utility's networks since February 2023. 

Dragos discovered evidence of the hackers' lateral movement and data exfiltration, but an investigation indicated that the "compromised information did not include any customer-sensitive data, and the utility was able to change their network architecture to remove any advantages for the adversary.” 

CISA and the FBI have repeatedly warned that the hackers are "looking to pre-position themselves on IT networks for disruptive or destructive cyberattacks against U.S. critical infrastructure in the event of a major crisis or conflict with the United States," despite China's denials of any involvement in the Volt Typhoon compromises.
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S-RM
Akira Akira Ransomware Camera Hack Cyber Attacks EDR Ransomware attack Ransomwares RDP S-RM

Ransomware Group Uses Unpatched Webcams to Deploy Attacks

 

A recent cybersecurity report by S-RM has revealed a new tactic used by the Akira ransomware group, demonstrating their persistence in bypassing security defenses. When their initial attempt to deploy ransomware was blocked by an endpoint detection and response (EDR) tool, the attackers shifted their focus to an unexpected network device—a webcam. 

This strategy highlights the evolving nature of cyber threats and the need for organizations to secure all connected devices. The attack began with the use of remote desktop protocol (RDP) to access a target’s server. When the group attempted to deploy a ransomware file, the victim’s EDR successfully detected and neutralized the threat. However, rather than abandoning the attack, the adversaries conducted a network search and identified other connected devices, including a fingerprint scanner and a camera. The camera was an ideal entry point because it was unpatched, ran a Linux-based operating system capable of executing commands, and had no installed EDR solution. 

Exploiting these vulnerabilities, the attackers used the camera to deploy ransomware via the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol, which facilitates file and resource sharing between networked devices. According to cybersecurity experts, this kind of attack is difficult to defend against because it targets overlooked devices. Rob T. Lee, chief of research at the SANS Institute, compared detecting such threats to “finding a needle in a haystack.” The attack underscores how cybercriminals are constantly adapting, looking for the weakest points in a network to infiltrate and execute their malicious operations. 

The Akira ransomware group has gained traction following law enforcement takedowns of major ransomware organizations like AlphV and LockBit. S-RM reported that Akira accounted for 15% of the cyber incidents it analyzed, and in January 2024, CISA confirmed that the group had impacted over 250 organizations, extorting approximately $42 million in ransom payments. Ransom demands from Akira typically range from $200,000 to $4 million. The growing threat to internet of things (IoT) devices is further supported by data from Zscaler, which blocked 45% more IoT malware transactions between June 2023 and May 2024. 

Devices such as webcams, e-readers, and routers are particularly vulnerable due to outdated software and poor security practices. To mitigate risks, cybersecurity experts recommend several best practices for securing IoT devices. Organizations should place IoT devices on restricted networks that prevent unauthorized access from workstations or servers. Unused devices should be turned off, networked devices should be regularly audited, and software patches must be applied promptly. Additionally, changing default passwords on IoT devices is essential to prevent unauthorized access. 

Cybercriminals are continuously thinking outside the box to exploit vulnerabilities, and security professionals must do the same to defend against emerging threats. If attackers can compromise a webcam, they could potentially target more complex systems, such as industrial machinery or medical devices. As ransomware groups evolve, staying ahead of their tactics is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data and preventing costly breaches.
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Security Breach
Clothing Firm Cyber Attacks IT Breach Raymond Security Breach

Raymond Cyberattack: IT Teams, Authorities Investigate Massive Breach

 

Raymond Limited, a leading textile and apparel firm, acknowledged a cyberattack on its IT infrastructure on February 19. The company quickly segregated affected systems to protect essential business operations and avoid disruptions to customer-facing platforms or shop networks.

Rakesh Darji, Raymond's Company Secretary and Compliance Officer, stated in a regulatory filing that its retail and physical store operations will continue unchanged. While the filing provided no details on the attackers or confirmed any ransomware involvement, the company noted that "necessary precautions and protocols" were implemented to mitigate the impact. 

Raymond reassured stakeholders that its critical manufacturing and retail systems are safe despite the security intrusion, and that there haven't been any notable service interruptions. To determine the attack's entry points, length, and any threats of data exposure, the company's cybersecurity specialists and internal IT teams are performing forensic investigation. An inquiry is also in progress after notification was sent to India's cybersecurity organisation, CERT-In. 

The incident highlights the growing significance of strong cybersecurity measures for multinational organisations, especially those with complicated supply networks. It serves as a warning to firms to always improve their cyber defences against evolving threats. 

Raymond's disclosure is aligned with India's new cybersecurity standards, which demand the timely notification of major IT issues to regulatory bodies and investors. Shortly after discovering the breach, the company followed compliance measures and notified stock markets under the scrip codes BSE:500330 and NSE:RAYMOND. 

While the full scope of the assault is unknown, Raymond's proactive response and transparency demonstrate its commitment to ensuring company continuity and consumer trust.
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VPN breach
Black Basta Cyber Attacks Cyber Network CyberCrime Cyberhackers CyberThreat Password Ransomware VPN breach

Ransomware Hackers Develop Advanced Tool for VPN Breaches

 


In the Black Basta ransomware group, an automated brute force attack tool referred to as BRUTED has been developed to target and compromise edge networking devices such as firewalls and VPNs, as well as other edge networking devices. By using this sophisticated tool, they can efficiently breach vulnerable internet-facing endpoints, making them able to scale ransomware attacks considerably better than ever before. 

A researcher at EclecticIQ identified the presence of BRUTED when she analyzed internal chat logs related to the ransomware gang, and she found that BRUTED exists. These logs were used to reveal insight into the tool's deployment and revealed that Black Basta has been employing BRUTED to conduct credential-stuffing and brute-force attacks since 2023 against a variety of remote access software programs. This cyber threat has been targeting a wide variety of systems, including SonicWall NetExtender, Palo Alto GlobalProtect, and Citrix NetScaler, highlighting the broad scope of the threat. 

It is Black Basta's intention to improve its operational efficiency by automating brute-force attacks, which in turn allows it to exploit critical infrastructure security vulnerabilities more systematically. As a result of the discovery of BRUTED, organizations relying on internet-connected security solutions are at an even higher risk of cybercrime, as the evolving tactics and sophistication of ransomware groups are becoming more complex. 

The Black Basta ransomware operation has developed an automated brute-force framework known as BRUTED, which has been designed specifically to compromise edge networking devices, such as firewalls and virtual private network access points. As a result of this advanced framework, the group can gain early access to targeted networks, which facilitates large-scale ransomware attacks on vulnerable, internet-connected endpoints, which will lead to a successful attack. 

A recently published study by Arda Büyükkaya, a cyber threat intelligence analyst at EclecticIQ, confirms that the Black Basta ransomware group is using a previously unidentified brute-force framework for stealing data. Known as BRUTED, this framework is specifically crafted to automate the process of compromising enterprise VPNs and firewalls, thus enhancing the group's ability to gain unauthorized access to corporate networks, which is significantly enhanced. 

Multiple reports have emerged throughout 2024 detailing the extensive use of brute-force attacks against these devices and password spray. It is still unclear how these incidents are linked to BRUTED or other threat actor operations, although the issue is still under investigation. This tool has been developed to highlight the increasing sophistication of ransomware tactics and the increasing risk organizations face when relying on internet-connected security infrastructure as part of their security measures. 

A thorough analysis of Büyükkaya's source code has proven that the tool's primary function consists of snooping across the internet and credential stuffing attacks, to attack edge network devices. It has been widely used within corporate environments to implement firewalls and VPN solutions. By its log-naming conventions, BRUTED is referred to as the bruised tool, and researchers at EclecticIQ have concluded that it is used by Black Basta to perform large-scale credential-stuffing attacks. This group gains an initial foothold by exploiting weak or reused credentials, which allows them to move from compromised networks to other compromised ones, and ultimately install ransomware. 

It is also BRUTED's responsibility to assist affiliates, who are responsible for performing initial access operations in ransomware campaigns, as well as to enhance the group's operational efficiency. As the framework automates and scales attacks, it can widen the victim pool and accelerate the monetization process, thus increasing the efficiency of ransomware operations. As a result of this discovery, cybercriminals have become increasingly sophisticated in their tactics, which highlights the need for robust security measures to protect against them. 

Arda Büyükkaya explained that the BRUTED framework will enable Black Basta affiliates to automate and scale their attacks to significantly increase the number of victims they can target, as well as boost their monetization efforts to continue operating ransomware. As a result of the emergence of this brute-forcing tool, edge devices are demonstrating their ongoing vulnerability, especially in light of persistent warnings from private cybersecurity firms and government agencies regarding increased threats targeting VPN services. Even though these advisories have been issued, it remains a lucrative attack vector for cybercriminals to hack passwords for firewalls and virtual private networks (VPNs). 

According to the Qualys team, a blog post a while back highlighted the fact that Black Basta has been using default VPN credentials, brute force techniques involving stolen credentials, and other forms of access to gain initial access to their systems. In this report, the manager of vulnerability research at Qualys Threat Research Unit and a co-author of the report asserted that weak passwords for VPNs and other services that are open to the public continue to pose a significant security risk to organizations. 

Furthermore, Abbasi emphasized that several leaked Black Basta chat logs contained simple or predictable credentials, demonstrating the persistent vulnerabilities that threat actors exploit to infiltrate corporate networks. By implementing the BRUTED framework, threat actors can streamline their ransomware operations, as it enables them to infiltrate multiple networks at the same time with as little effort as possible.

As a result of this automation, cybercriminals have access to greater monetization opportunities, which allows them to scale their attacks more efficiently. The risks posed by such tools must be mitigated by the adoption of strong cybersecurity practices. To protect against these risks, organizations must enforce unique passwords for all edge devices and VPNs. Further, multi-factor authentication (MFA) is an essential component of any security system because it adds another layer of protection that prevents unauthorized access, even when credentials are compromised. To identify potential threats, continuous network monitoring is also crucial. 

Security teams should keep an eye on authentication attempts coming from unfamiliar locations and flag high volumes of failures to log in as an indicator of brute force attacks. Several measures can be implemented to reduce the effectiveness of credential-stuffing techniques, such as rate-limiting measures and account-locking policies. As a result of the growing threat of BRUTED, EclecticIQ has provided a list of IP addresses and domains associated with the framework to the public in response. 

Indicators such as these can be used to update firewall rules so that requests from known malicious infrastructure will be blocked effectively while limiting the tool's reach. BRUTED does not exploit software vulnerabilities to gain access to network edge devices, but maintaining up-to-date security patches remains an important part of cybersecurity. Regularly applying the latest patches ensures that potential vulnerabilities in the network security systems are addressed, thus strengthening the overall resilience of the network security systems.
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Ransom
Automobile Industry Cyber Attacks Hackers Ransom

Auto Industry Faces Sharp Rise in Cyberattacks, Raising Costs and Risks

 



The growing use of digital systems in cars, trucks, and mobility services has made the automotive industry a new favorite target for hackers. Companies involved in making vehicles, supplying parts, and even selling them are now dealing with a sudden rise in cyberattacks, many of which are leading to heavy losses.

A recent report by cybersecurity firm Upstream Security shows that these attacks are not only increasing but also affecting much larger groups of vehicles and connected systems. In 2024, nearly 60% of the reported incidents impacted thousands or even millions of assets—this includes vehicles, electric vehicle charging stations, smart driving apps, and other connected tools used in transportation.

Even more worrying is the spike in large-scale cyberattacks. Cases where millions of vehicles were hit at once rose sharply from 5% in 2023 to 19% in 2024. These massive events now account for almost 60% of all attacks recorded in the year.

Experts warn that attackers have changed their approach. Instead of just hacking into a single vehicle’s system, they now aim to cause widespread damage or steal large amounts of data. By doing so, they increase the pressure on companies to pay hefty ransoms to avoid public embarrassment or serious business disruption.

Jason Masker, a cybersecurity specialist from Upstream, explained that hackers often search for the most damaging way to force companies into paying them. If they can gain control of millions of vehicles or access sensitive information, they can easily threaten a company’s image and safety standards.

The report also shared a serious example of how hackers can even manipulate a car’s safety features. Researchers found that the radar used for adaptive cruise control— a system that keeps cars at a safe distance can be tricked. Hackers could make it appear that the vehicle ahead is speeding up when it isn’t, potentially causing a crash.

Several major cyber incidents have already occurred:

• A leading Japanese car company’s U.S. unit was targeted by ransomware, leaking 22GB of vehicle and customer data.

• A Chinese auto supplier suffered a large breach involving 1.2TB of sensitive information, affecting both local and global carmakers.

• In Italy, a German automaker’s branch faced a data breach that exposed private customer details.

The report further explains that traditional cyberattacks— like locking systems and demanding ransom, are slowly becoming less effective, as many companies have backups ready. Now, hackers prefer stealing data and threatening to leak it unless they’re paid.

What’s more concerning is the gap between what cybersecurity rules require and how prepared companies actually are. Many businesses falsely believe they are fully protected, while attackers continue finding new ways to break through.

Upstream Security suggests companies need to act beyond just following regulations. Safety, smooth operations, and protecting customer data must be prioritized.

To help prevent future attacks, Upstream monitors over 25 million vehicles worldwide, tracking billions of data points daily. They also watch online forums where cybercriminals sometimes plan their attacks.

Looking at the bigger picture, experts predict artificial intelligence will become a vital tool in spotting and blocking cyber threats quickly. As vehicles get more connected, the risk of cyberattacks is expected to grow, putting companies, drivers, and users of smart mobility systems at greater risk.


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Ransomwares
CISA & FBI CISA advisory Cyber Attacks Malwares Medusa Attacks Medusa Ransomware RaaS ransomware attacks ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) Ransomwares

Medusa Ransomware Attacks: CISA, FBI, and MS-ISAC Issue #StopRansomware Advisory

 

The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), in partnership with the FBI and the Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC), has issued a #StopRansomware advisory, warning organizations about the increasing threat of Medusa ransomware. 

Medusa, a ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) variant, was first detected in 2021 and has since targeted over 300 victims across multiple critical infrastructure sectors. Industries such as healthcare, law, education, insurance, technology, and manufacturing have been particularly affected, highlighting the wide reach and severity of the ransomware’s impact. Medusa initially operated as a closed ransomware variant, meaning its developers had full control over its deployment and operations. 

Over time, it transitioned to an affiliate-based model, allowing external cybercriminals to use the ransomware while keeping certain aspects, such as ransom negotiations, under the control of the original developers. This shift has allowed Medusa to expand its reach, increasing its effectiveness as a cyber threat. Medusa demands ransoms ranging from $100,000 to as much as $15 million. 

Like many modern ransomware variants, it employs double extortion tactics—stealing sensitive data before encrypting victim networks. This strategy puts additional pressure on victims, as attackers can threaten to leak or sell stolen data if the ransom is not paid. Cybersecurity researchers from Symantec’s Threat Hunter team recently reported a rise in Medusa-related attacks over the past year. 

Medusa’s developers use initial access brokers (IABs) to gain entry into victim networks. These brokers operate within cybercriminal forums and marketplaces, selling access to compromised systems for amounts ranging from $100 to $1 million. Medusa affiliates rely on phishing campaigns and vulnerability exploitation to gain initial access, making it crucial for organizations to bolster their email security and patch known vulnerabilities. Once inside a system, Medusa operators use “living-off-the-land” (LotL) techniques, leveraging legitimate system tools to evade detection while conducting reconnaissance, data theft, and lateral movement.

Given Medusa’s evolving tactics, cybersecurity experts stress the importance of proactive defense measures. Organizations should deploy security patches, implement network segmentation, and restrict access to critical services from untrusted sources. Dan Lattimer, area vice president for Semperis in the UK and Ireland, emphasized the need for an “assumed breach” mindset, urging companies to shift from a prevention-focused approach to rapid detection, response, and recovery. 

As ransomware attacks grow more sophisticated, organizations must remain vigilant, continuously updating their cybersecurity strategies to mitigate risks and strengthen their defenses against threats like Medusa.
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Malwares
browser credential theft Browser Extension Cyber Attacks Login Credentials Malicious Browser Extension Malware attacks Malwares

New Malware Impersonates Browser Extensions to Steal Login Credentials

 

Cybercriminals are continually evolving their tactics to evade antivirus detection and trick users into installing malicious software. One of the latest threats involves malware that impersonates legitimate browser extensions, allowing attackers to steal login credentials while remaining undetected. Although this discovery is concerning, researchers have identified the vulnerability before it could be widely exploited, giving security teams time to respond. 

According to a report by SquareX Labs, this attack starts with scammers developing seemingly useful browser extensions, such as an AI-powered transcription tool. To avoid malware detection, they distribute the extension outside official platforms like the Chrome Web Store or Google Play. Users are then encouraged to pin the extension for easy access, allowing it to quietly monitor their browsing habits over time. 

Once installed, the malicious extension collects data on the user’s existing extensions, particularly those used for handling sensitive information, such as password managers. When the right opportunity arises, it disables the legitimate extension and replaces its icon with an identical version. If the user attempts to access their password manager, they unknowingly interact with the fake extension instead. 

To further deceive users, the fraudulent extension displays a message stating that their session has expired, requiring them to log in again. However, rather than accessing their accounts, victims unknowingly submit their credentials directly to cybercriminals. With this information, attackers can break into password vaults, gaining access to sensitive data, stored passwords, and linked accounts. This method is particularly dangerous because it exploits trust in well-known extensions. 

Unlike traditional phishing attempts, which rely on fake websites or deceptive emails, this attack leverages the user’s own browser environment, making it harder to detect. Victims may not realize they’ve been compromised until they notice unauthorized activity on their accounts. Despite the sophistication of this attack, there is no immediate reason for panic. Security researchers identified the exploit before cybercriminals could widely deploy it, and browser developers have been alerted to the risk. 

However, this incident underscores the importance of practicing good cybersecurity habits. Users should only install browser extensions from trusted sources like the Chrome Web Store, avoid third-party downloads, and check reviews before installation. 

Additionally, enabling multi-factor authentication (MFA) on important accounts can provide an extra layer of security, reducing the risk of credential theft. As cyber threats continue to evolve, staying informed and cautious about software installations remains crucial to maintaining online security.
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