IT helps desks be ready for an evolving threat that sounds like a Hollywood movie title. In December 2025, Okta Threat Intelligent published a report that explained how hackers can gain unauthorized access to payroll software. These threats are infamous as payroll pirate attacks.
Pirates of the payroll
These attacks start with threat actors calling an organization’s help desk, pretending to be a user and requesting a password reset.
“Typically, what the adversary will do is then come back to the help desk, probably to someone else on the phone, and say, ‘Well, I have my password, but I need my MFA factor reset,’” according to VP of Okta Threat Intelligence Brett Winterford. “And then they enroll their own MFA factor, and from there, gain access to those payroll applications for the purposes of committing fraud.”
Attack tactic
The threat actors are working at a massive scale and leveraging various services and devices to assist their malicious activities. According to Okta report, cyber thieves employed social engineering, calling help desk personnel on the phone and attempting to trick them into resetting the password for a user account. These attacks have impacted multiple industries,
“They’re certainly some kind of cybercrime organization or fraud organization that is doing this at scale,” Winterford said. Okta believes the hackers gang is based out of West Africa.
Recently, the US industry has been plagued with payroll pirates in the education sector. The latest Okta research mentions that these schemes are now happening across different industries like retail sector and manufacturing. “It’s not often you’ll see a huge number of targets in two distinct industries. I can’t tell you why, but education [and] manufacturing were massively targeted,” Winterford said.
How to mitigate pirates of payroll attacks?
Okta advises companies to establish a standard process to check the real identity of users who contact the help desk for aid. Winterford advised businesses that depend on outsourced IT help should limit their help desks’ ability to reset user passwords without robust measures. “In some organizations, they’re relying on nothing but passwords to get access to payroll systems, which is madness,” he said.
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