The recent global outage of Social Media Platform X caused a stir in the online community during a time when digital media predominates. Users everywhere became frustrated and curious about the cause of this extraordinary disruption when they realized they couldn't use the platform on December 21, 2023.
Reports of the outage, which was first discovered by Downdetector, began to arrive from all over the world, affecting millions of customers. The impact of the outage has increased because Social Media Platform X, a significant player in the social media ecosystem, has grown to be an essential part of peoples' everyday lives.
One significant aspect of the outage was the diverse range of issues users faced. According to reports, users experienced difficulties in tweeting, accessing their timelines, and even logging into their accounts. The widespread nature of these problems hinted at a major technical glitch rather than localized issues.
TechCrunch reported that the outage lasted for several hours, leaving users in limbo and sparking speculation about the root cause. The incident raised questions about the platform's reliability and prompted discussions about the broader implications of such outages in an interconnected digital world.
Speaking to BBC, he further notes that technology may as well be harnessed by “bad actors.” According to Mr. Wozniak, AI contents should well-labelled, and also highlighted the need for proper regulation in the industry.
In March, Apple, along with Meta CEO Elon Musk signed a letter, urging a halt to the development of more potent AI models.
Mr. Wozniak, also referred to as Woz in the tech community, is a seasoned veteran of Silicon Valley who co-founded Apple with Steve Jobs and created the company's first computer./ In an interview with BBC Technology Editor Zoe Kleinman, he discussed his fears as well as the advantages of artificial intelligence.
"AI is so intelligent it's open to the bad players, the ones that want to trick you about who they are," said Kleinman.
AI refers to computer programs that can perform tasks that would typically require human intelligence. This includes systems that can identify objects in images and chatbots that can comprehend queries and provide responses that seem human.
While Mr. Wozniak ardently believes that AI will not be replaying humans, since it lacks emotions. However, he warns against bad actors, since AI is making them more realistic, one example being generative AI ChatGPT that can carve texts which sounds human and “intelligent.”
Wozniak believes that any product of the artificial intelligence be held accountable for those who publish it. "A human really has to take the responsibility for what is generated by AI," he says.
The large tech companies that "feel they can kind of get away with anything" should be held accountable by regulations, according to him.
Yet he expressed doubt that authorities would make the correct decisions, saying, "I think the forces that drive for money usually win out, which is sort of sad."
Mr. Wozniak, a computer pioneer, believes that those developing artificial intelligence now might learn from the chances lost during the early stages of the internet. Although "we can't stop the technology," in his opinion, we can teach individuals to recognize fraud and other nefarious attempts to obtain personal information.
Last week, the current CEO of Apple, Tim Cook told investors that is crucial to be “deliberate and thoughtful,” is a way to approach AI. "We view AI as huge, and we'll continue weaving it in our products on a very thoughtful basis," he said.
The goal will be to link human brains to computers. The company is planning to test the technology on individuals with paralysis.
Apparently, a robot will be assigned the task of implanting a BCI to human brain, that will allow the subjects to take control of a computer cursor, or type using only their thoughts.
However, rival companies have already achieved the feet by implanting BCI devices in human.
Neuralink’s clinical trial has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May, achieving an important milestone, taking into consideration the struggle it had faced to gain approval for the same.
In regards to this, Neuralink stated at the time that the FDA approval represented "an important first step that will one day allow our technology to help many people."
While the final number of people recruited has not yet been confirmed, according to a report by new agency Reuters, the company had sought FDA’s approval to implant the devices in 10 people ( their former or current employees)./ Brain Signals/ The six year study will commence following a surgery, where a robot will implant 64 flexible threads, thinner than a human hair, on a region of the brain that managed "movement intention."
These enable Neuralink's experimental N1 implant, which runs on a remotely rechargeable battery, to record and transmit brain impulses to an app that decodes a person's intended movement.
Neuralink informs that people are eligible for the trial in case they have quadriplegia resulting from an injury or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) – a disease in which the nerve cells in the spinal cord and brain degenerates.
Precision Neuroscience, developed by a Neuralink co-founder, also aims at assisting those who are paralyzed. And it claims that its implant, which resembles a very thin piece of tape and rests on the surface of the brain, may be inserted via a "cranial micro-slit" in a less complicated manner.
Meanwhile, existing technology is producing results. Implants have been used in two different studies conducted in the US, that aimed to track brain activity during speech attempts, which might later be decoded to aid with communication.
While Mr. Musk’s involvement has played a major role in the raised popularity of Neuralink, he still face rivals, some of whom have a history going back almost two decades. In 2004, Blackrock Neurotech, a company based in Utah, implanted the first of several BCIs.
According to Dr Adrien Rapeaux, a research associate in the Neural Interfaces Lab at Imperial College London, "Neuralink no doubt has an advantage in terms of implantation," taking into account that a majority of its operations will be assisted robotically.
On contrary, Dr. Rapeaux, co-founder of a neural implant start-up Mintneuro, says that he is not sure how Neuralink’s attempt of converting brain signals into useful actions will do any better than the methods earlier used by Blackrock Neurotech for example. He also doubts if the technology will remain accurate and reliable over time, which is "a known issue in the field."
It has been confirmed in the biography that Twitter’s CEO once suggested Tesla record video of drivers' on-wheel behaviour using the internal monitoring camera. His asserted goal was to use the footage as proof to shield Tesla from inquiries in the event of a crash.
The book ‘Elon Musk’ stated that Elon Musk pushed for the usage of the internal monitoring camera to record footage of Tesla drivers at first without their awareness with the intention of using the footage as proof in investigations linked to the Autopilot ADAS.
According to an excerpt from the book, Musk was convinced that one of the main reasons for accidents was bad drivers and not bad software. "At one meeting, he suggested using data collected from the car's cameras – one of which is inside the car and focused on the driver – to prove when there was driver error," the excerpt read.
However, several privacy concerns were raised, one of them being a woman citing legal assistance from the corporation and privacy concerns about the fact that Tesla could not link the selfie streams to specific vehicles, even if they were involved in accidents.
Apparently, Musk was not happy with the answer as according to Isaacson, the "concept of 'privacy teams' did not warm his heart[…]I am the decision-maker at this company, not the privacy team. I don't even know who they are. They are so private you never know who they are," Musk said during their meeting.
Musk then recommended that a pop-up could be used instead to tell people that if they used Full Self-Driving Beta, Tesla would collect data in the event of a crash. The woman nodded, noting that "as long as we are communicating it to customers, I think we're okay with that." The exchange is quite telling of the way Elon Musk runs his companies, and also of his stance on privacy.
The pop-ups are currently a feature in Tesla vehicles, where the company will use the data from internal cameras and notifications will be provided to the users with an option to either agree or disagree with Tesla in collecting their cabin camera data. It is important to note that Tesla has not yet used inside photos of cars to defend itself in court cases or government inquiries involving the Autopilot system.
Currently, Tesla is facing a class action lawsuit in terms of video privacy, following allegations that groups of Tesla employees privately share invasive videos and images, that were the recordings of customers’ car cameras between 2019 and 2022. Another lawsuit was filed in Illinois that focused particularly on the cabin camera.
Meta, Instagram’s parent company launched Threads, which will be a text-based conversation app, rivaling Twitter.
Threads, released on Wednesday evening, a day before its scheduled release, allows users to join up directly from their Instagram accounts; it is a platform that allows users to publish short posts or updates that are up to 500 characters. They can include links, photos, or videos up to 5 minutes long.
More than 2 billion monthly active users will be able to import their accounts into Threads once it is made available to everyone.
Threads now have 70 million signups, according to a Friday morning post by Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg, and that number is certain to rise over the next few days. (In comparison, Instagram has 1.3 billion users that log on every day. Twitter has 259 million daily active users at the end of 2022. 13 million accounts in total are on Mastodon.)
Adam Mosseri, the CEO of Instagram, claimed that under Musk, Twitter's "volatility" and "unpredictability" gave Instagram the chance to compete. According to Mosseri in an interview, Threads is made for "public conversations," which is an obvious reference to how Twitter executives have described the service's function throughout the years.
In regards to its threads’ competitor space, Mosseri says “Obviously, Twitter pioneered the space[…]And there are a lot of good offerings out there for public conversations. But just given everything that was going on, we thought there was an opportunity to build something that was open and something that was good for the community that was already using Instagram.”
For some time now, Meta has been getting ready to introduce Threads, which it calls a "sanely run" substitute for Twitter. The response to Musk's recent limitation on how many tweets people may watch per day, according to internal business documents I've seen, served as the impetus for this week's app release. Furthermore, they assert that Meta expects "tens of millions" of users to use Threads within the first few months of its release.
As described by Mosseri, Thread is a “risky endeavor,” especially considering that it's a brand-new program that users must download. After receiving access to Threads earlier, users were able to rapidly fill out account information and follow lists by having Meta automatically pull information from my Instagram account.
In many important aspects, Threads is surprisingly similar to Twitter. Posts (or, as Mosseri refers to them, "threads") from accounts you follow are displayed in the app's main feed along with accounts that Instagram's algorithm has recommended. Reposting something allows you to add users’ opinions, and main feed answers are clearly shown. Though it might be added later, there is no feed that solely contains the people you follow.
Since Twitter has been around for a while and has amassed a distinctive network, it presents another element that Threads must deal with. It is evident from Meta's behavior that, despite Musk's theatrics over the previous few months, unseating Twitter would not be easy. It would be a mistake, in Mosseri's opinion, to "undervalue Twitter and Elon." The community on Twitter is tremendously powerful and vibrant, and it has a long history. The network effects are very powerful.
The news was announced on Twitter, by EU’s internal market commissioner Thierry Breton. Breton later took to social media, warning Twitter that it cannot escape from the legal liability consequences that are incoming.
“Twitter leaves EU voluntary Code of Practice against disinformation. But obligations remain. You can run but you can’t hide[…]Beyond voluntary commitments, fighting disinformation will be legal obligation under #DSA as of August 25. Our teams will be ready for enforcement,” Breton wrote.
Herein, he referred to the legal duties that the platform must follow as a "very large online platform" (VLOP) under the EU's Digital Services Act (DSA).
European Union Disinformation Code
A number of tech firms, small and big, are apparently signed up to the EU’s disinformation code, along with Facebook’s parent company Meta, TikTok, Google, Microsoft and Twitch.
The code, which was introduced in June of last year, seeks to decrease profiteering from fake news and disinformation, increase transparency, and stop the spread of bots and fraudulent accounts. Companies who sign the code are free to decide on the what obligations they want to make, such as working with fact-checkers or monitoring political advertising.
Apparently, since Elon Musk took over Twitter, the company’s moderation has largely reduced, which as per the critics has resulted in a increase in spread of disinformation.
However, experts and former Twitter employees claim that the majority of these specialists left their positions or were fired. The social media company once had a dedicated team that tried to combat coordinated disinformation campaigns.
Last month, BBC exposed hundreds of Russian and Chinese state propaganda accounts lurking on Twitter. However, Musk claims that there is now “less misinformation rather than more,” since he took Twitter’s ownership.
Moreover, the EU, along with its voluntary code has brought in a Digital Service Act- a law which will coerce firms to put more efforts in tackling illegal contents online.
From August 25, platforms with more than 45 million active users per month in the EU—including Twitter—must abide by the DSA's legislative requirements.
Twitter will be required by legislation to implement measures to combat the spread of misinformation, provide users with a way to identify illegal content, and respond "expeditiously" to notifications.
In regards to the issue, AFP news agency on Friday quoted a statement of a EU Commission official saying “If (Elon Musk) doesn’t take the code seriously, then it’s better that he quits.”
Direct messages delivered on the platform will be end-to-end encrypted, i.e. private and only readable by the sender and receiver. However, Chief executive Elon Musk has warned Twitter users to “try it, but don’t trust it yet,” taking into account that it is only an early version of the service.
Only users of Twitter Blue or those connected to verified Twitter accounts are currently able to use the service, which is not yet available to the general public. Additionally, users can only send text and links in conversations for now; media attachments cannot yet be sent.
In a post on its support site, Twitter writes “It was not quite there yet” with encryption. "While messages themselves are encrypted, metadata (recipient, creation time, etc) are not, and neither is any linked content[…]If someone - for example, a malicious insider, or Twitter itself as a result of a compulsory legal process - were to compromise an encrypted conversation, neither the sender or receiver would know," it further read.
Musk indicated his plans to make Twitter into a "super-app" with many features when he purchased it in 2022. There is not really a similar platform in the West to China's super-app WeChat, which can be used for anything from social media and restaurant ordering to payments and texting.
Since then, he has made a number of significant modifications to the social network, such as the addition of a subscription service and the elimination of the previous version of Twitter's blue tick badges, which were designed to combat the spread of disinformation.
For a long time, many Twitter users have demanded that the platform's private messaging function be made more secure. The UK, where the government's Online Safety Bill would impose additional rules for social media companies, reportedly in an effort to safeguard youngsters from abuse, may find Mr. Musk's timing unsettling.
Messaging services WhatsApp and Signal have both criticized this part of the Online Safety Bill, which is presently making its way through Parliament.
They expressed concerns that the legislation might weaken end-to-end encryption, which is seen as a crucial tool by privacy activists and campaigners.
Following this, heads of the two messaging platforms signed a letter demanding a rethink over the bill. According to them, the bill, in its current form, opens the door to "routine, general and indiscriminate surveillance" of personal messages. In regards to this, a Home Office spokesperson stated, "The Online Safety Bill applies to all platforms, regardless of their design and functionality. Therefore, end-to-end encrypted services are in scope and will be required to meet their duties of care to users."
"We have made clear that companies should only implement end-to-end encryption if they can simultaneously uphold public safety. We continue to work with the tech industry to collaborate on mutually agreeable solutions that protect public safety without compromising security," he added.
In order to address the issue, Tesla recalls its [approx.] 363,000 vehicles with their “Full Self-Driving” feature to monitor and fix how it behaves around intersections and adhere to posted speed limits.
The recall was initiated as part of a larger investigation into Tesla's automated driving systems by U.S. safety regulators. Regulators had expressed doubts about how Tesla's system responded in four locations along roadways.
According to a document published by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) on Thursday, Tesla will address the issues with an online software upgrade in the coming weeks. The document adds that although Tesla is doing the recall, it does not agree with the agency’s analysis of the issue.
As per the NHTSA analysis, the system, being tested by around 400,000 Tesla owners on public roads, flags unsafe actions like driving straight through an intersection while in a turn-only lane, failing to stop completely at stop signs, and driving through an intersection during a yellow traffic light without taking proper precaution.
Moreover, the document deems that the system does not satisfactorily respond to the transformation in speed limits or might not take into account the driver's adjustments to speed. "FSD beta software that allows a vehicle to exceed speed limits or travel through intersections in an unlawful or unpredictable manner increases the risk of a crash," the document says.
A message was left Thursday urging a response from Tesla, which has shut down its media relations department.
In addition to this, Tesla has received 18 warranty claims, supposedly caused by the software from May 2019 through September 12, 2022, pertaining to the issue.
NHTSA said in a statement that it discovered the issue while conducting testing as part of an inquiry into "Full Self-Driving" and "Autopilot" software that performs some driving-related tasks. According to the NHTSA, "As required by law and after discussions with NHTSA, Tesla launched a recall to repair those defects."
Despite the infamous claim by Tesla CEO Elon Musk that their “Full Self-Driving” vehicles do not require any human intervention in order to function, Tesla on its website, along with NHTSA confirms that the cars cannot drive themselves and that owners must always be prepared to intervene at all times.
The feud began when earlier this week, Musk, in a series of tweets accused Apple of halting most of the advertisements and threatening to remove the platform from its App Store. He added that this situation had become “a battle for the future of civilization.”
However, Apple’s chief executive tweeted on Wednesday that “Tim was clear that Apple never consider doing so.” While he did not say whether Apple’s advertising was discussed in the meeting.
The meeting between the two CEOs as numerous companies have halted spending on advertisements on Twitter, due to concerns over Elon Musk’s content moderation plan.
This would apparently be a major setback for Twitter since Twitter relies on advertisements for the majority of its aggregate revenue.
On Monday, the Twitter CEO accused apple of “censorship,” while also criticizing its policies, particularly the levies it imposes on purchases made through its App Store. “Apple has mostly stopped advertising on Twitter. Do they hate free speech in America?” said Musk.
Later, Musk updated his Twitter followers that he was meeting with Mr. Cook at Apple’s headquarters, adding in his tweet: “Good conversation. Among other things, we resolved the misunderstanding about Twitter potentially being removed from the App Store. Tim was clear that Apple never considered doing so.” Meanwhile, Apple has not made any official comment on the said meeting.
Weeks after Mr. Musk became the chief executive, Twitter lost at least half of its major advertisers. This estimates a loss of nearly $750 million to the social media giant, as reported by Media Matters, a non-profit watchdog.
Some of the major advertisers lost included General Mills and Pfizer. Musk as well acknowledged that this defection has resulted in a “massive drop” in revenue, with the company losing $4 million per day.
Apple, on the other hand, is consistently one of the major advertisers on the social network company, spending over $100 million annually, as reported by Bloomberg.
The action was taken in response to a number of accounts impersonating company giants receiving a blue tick, that previously indicated that the platform has verified the user as real.
A Twitter user claimed to be a drugs firm Eli Lilly and said "insulin was free". Twitter did not comment.
The incident added to the concerns about how Musk’s leadership has an impact on the spread of misinformation on the platform.
"We apologize to those who have been served a misleading message from a fake Lilly account," tweeted Eli Lilly, a few hours after the prank post went up on the internet on Thursday, reiterating the name of its real Twitter handle. Consequently, the firm’s shares fell up to 4% on Friday amid the confusion.
Max Burns, a US-based PR strategist says he had seen the fake accounts being impersonated as ‘verified user’ accounts with the verified blue tick badge, that was supposedly purchased via Twitter Blue posing as support accounts for existing airlines and asking users who were trying to contact them on Twitter to direct message the fake accounts instead.
"How long until a prankster takes a real passenger's ticket information and cancels their flight? Or takes their credit card info and goes on a spending spree?" he said. "It will only take one major incident for every airline to bail on Twitter as a source of customer engagement."
Adding to the confusion, these fake verified accounts could put advertisers in major difficulties, who have put their businesses with Twitter on hold. Musk's rocky run atop the platform laying off half its workforce and triggering high-profile departures has raised questions about its survivability.
The imposters could be a major setback, even if the fake accounts are taken down quickly.
They have created overwhelming reputation risk for placing advertising investments on the platform, says Lou Paskalis, longtime marketing, and media executive and former Bank of America head of global media. He adds that with the fake verified brand accounts, a picture emerges of a platform in disarray that no media professional would risk their career by continuing to make advertising investments on, and no governance apparatus or senior executive would condone if they did.
Twitter’s Latest CEO Warned Employees
Last month, Elon Musk made his $44 billion purchase of Twitter and swiftly set about overhauling the company.
Musk has fired roughly 3,700 employees, almost half of the firm’s former staff- and pushed the firm to concentrate on finding ways other than advertising to generate revenue.
His first email to employees warned, "The road ahead is arduous and will require intense work to succeed[...]Without significant subscription revenue, there is a good chance Twitter will not survive the upcoming economic downturn."
At Twitter, as we all know by now that a lot is going on. 50% of the employees were laid off after Elon Musk took over the business. A couple more top executives quit the firm as Musk implemented measures to make Twitter profitable.