Threat actors see healthcare systems as lucrative targets for cybercrime because they hold crucial financial, health, and personal data. A 2023 survey research in health and IT professionals revealed that 88% of organizations had suffered around 40% of attacks in the past year.
One major flaw is the rise of complexity in IT systems, says Hüseyin Tanriverdi, associate professor of information, risk, and operations management at Texas McCombs. He believes it's due to years of mergers and acquisitions that have made large-scale multi-hospital systems.
After mergers, healthcare providers don’t standardize their tech and security operations, which results in causing major complexity in the health systems- different IT systems, different care processes, and different command structures.
But his new research shows complexity can also offer solutions to these issues. “A good kind of complexity,” Tanriverdi believes can support communication across different systems, governance structures, and care processes, and combat against cyber incidents.
The research team found two similar-sounding IT terms that link to the problem. In “complicatedness,” an abundance of elements interconnect in a system for sharing info in structured ways. Whereas “complexity” happens when many elements interconnect to share information in unstructured ways- integrating systems following a merger and acquisition.
Tanrivedi believes complicated structures are better because they are structured, despite being difficult, one can control them. Such is not the case with complex systems as they are unstructured networks. He believes healthcare systems got more vulnerable as they got more complex, 29% were more likely to get hit than average.
Complex systems offer hackers more data transfer points to attack, and a higher risk for human errors, making it a bigger problem.
The solution lies in following a centralized approach for handling the data. “With fewer access points and simplified and hardened cybersecurity controls, unauthorized parties are less likely to gain unauthorized access to patient data,” says Tanrivedi. “Technology reduces cybersecurity risks if it is organized and governed well.”
In December, international law enforcement targeted a gang, leading to the seizure of various websites and digital decryption keys, as reported by Reuters. In response to this crackdown, the Blackcat hackers threatened to extort critical infrastructure providers and hospitals.
Extortionists are now threatening to harm hospital patients if the medical facilities don't pay the thieves' ransom demands. They do this by reporting bomb threats or other fictitious reports to the police, causing heavily armed police to come up at victims' houses.
Criminals vowed to turn on the patients directly after breaking into the IT system of Seattle's Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center in November and taking medical documents, including Social Security numbers, diagnoses, and lab results.
The idea seems to be that the US hospital will be under pressure to pay up and stop the extortion because of those patients and the media coverage of any swatting. Similar tactics are used by other groups targeting IT service providers: in addition to extorting the suppliers, they often threaten or harass the customers of those companies.
"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center was aware of cyber criminals issuing swatting threats and immediately notified the FBI and Seattle police, who notified the local police," a representative said. "The FBI, as part of its investigation into the cybersecurity incident, also investigated these threats."
The cancer center refuses to respond to further questions regarding the threats. The center has more than ten clinics in the Puget Sound region of Washington.
Patients were informed last month about a similar "cyber event" by Integris Health, another Oklahoman health network that runs a network of 43 clinics and 15 hospitals. During this incident, hackers may have gained access to personal information. Some of these individuals later complained that they received emails from unscrupulous people threatening to sell their personal information on the dark web.
"As we work with third-party specialists to investigate this matter and determine the scope of affected data and to whom that data relates, we are providing the latest information for patients and the public here," the spokesman for Integris said.
Some corporate types may not find these types of boilerplate responses to be as comforting as they seem. Concerning concerns are raised about how far thieves may go to obtain stolen goods in light of this most recent swatting threat.
According to Emsisoft threat analyst Brett Callow, "ransoms have been allowed to reach lottery jackpot levels, and the predictable upshot is that people are willing to use more and more extreme measures to collect a payout," The Register said.
The security shop demanded earlier this week that ransom payments be outlawed entirely, pointing out that extortion methods were evolving and now included swatting threats.