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Showing posts with label Lumma Stealer. Show all posts
Windows Security
Credential Theft Lumma Stealer malware malware infection National Cyber Security Centre New Zealand Cyber Security Online fraud Windows Security

Malicious Software Compromises 26000 Devices Across New Zealand


Thousands of devices have been infected with malware through New Zealand's National Cyber Security Center, showing the persistent risk posed by credential-stealing cybercrime, which has been causing New Zealand's National Cyber Security Center to notify individuals after an exposure. 

About 26,000 people have been notified by the agency that it is sending an email advising them to visit the Own Your Online portal for instructions on how to remove malicious software from their accounts and strengthen their account security. 

As NCSC Chief Operating Officer Michael Jagusch informed me, the alerts were related to Lumma Stealer, which is a highly regarded strain of malware targeting Windows-based devices. There is a danger that this malware can be used to facilitate identity theft or fraud by covertly harvesting sensitive data like email addresses and passwords. 

Officials noted that Lumma Stealer and other information-stealing tools are still part of an international cybercrime ecosystem that continues to grow, and so users should be vigilant and take proactive security measures in order to protect themselves. It has been reported that the National Cyber Security Centre of the Government Communications Security Bureau has conducted an assessment and found that it is possible that the malicious activity may have affected approximately 26,000 email addresses countrywide. 

As detailed in its statement published on Wednesday, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has warned that the malware involved in the incident, dubbed Lumma Stealer, is specifically designed to be able to steal sensitive data, including login credentials and other personally identifiable information, from targeted systems.

As noted by the NCSC, this threat primarily targets Windows-based devices, and cybercriminals use this threat to facilitate the fraud of personal information and financial fraud. Thus, it highlights the continued exposure of everyday users to sophisticated campaigns aimed at stealing personal data. 

The issue was discovered by the National Cyber Security Centre's cyber intelligence partnerships, after the agency first worked with government bodies and financial institutions in order to alert a segment of those affected before expanding the effort to notify the entire public. Introducing the NCSC Chief Operating Officer, Michael Jagusch, he said the center has now moved to a broader direct-contact approach and this is its first time undertaking a public outreach of this sort on such a large scale. 

A step he pointed out was that the notifications are genuine and come from the official email address no-reply@comms.ncsc.govt.nz, which helps recipients distinguish between the legitimate and fraudulent ones. It is noteworthy that a recent BNZ survey indicates similar exposure across small and medium businesses, which is in line with the current campaign, which is targeted at households and individuals. 

The research reveals that 65% of small and medium-sized businesses believe scam activity targeting their businesses has increased over the past year; however, 45% of these businesses do not place a high priority on scam awareness or cyber education, despite the fact that their employees routinely handle emails, payment information and customer information. 

There were approximately half of surveyed SMEs who reported that they had been scammed in the last 12 months and many of them had been scammed by clicking links, opening attachments, or responding to misleading messages. According to BNZ fraud operations head Margaret Miller, criminals are increasingly exploiting human behavior as a means of committing fraud rather than exploiting technical flaws, targeting business owners and employees who are working on a daily basis. 

A substantial number of small business owners reported business financial losses following breaches, with 21% reporting business financial losses, 26% a personal financial loss and 30% experiencing data compromise, all of which had consequences beyond business accounts. According to Miller, the average loss was over $5,000, demonstrating that scammers do not only attempt to steal company funds, but also to steal personal information and sensitive business data in the form of financial fraud. 

It is the country's primary authority for helping individuals and companies reduce their cyber risk, and it is housed within the Government Communications Security Bureau.

The National Cyber Security Centre offers help to individuals and organisations and is a chief authority on cyber security. It has three core functions that form the basis of its work: helping New Zealanders make informed decisions about their digital security, ensuring strong cyber hygiene is embedded within essential services and in the wider cyber ecosystem in collaboration with key stakeholders, and using its statutory mandate to combat the most serious and harmful cyber threats through the deployment of its specialist capability. 

Own Your Online, a central part of this initiative, provides practical tools, guidance and resources designed to make cybersecurity accessible for householders, small businesses, and nonprofit organizations, as well as clear advice on prevention and what to do when an incident occurs. In particular, the NCSC owns the Own Your Online platform, which provides practical tools, guidance, and resources. 

There is no doubt that the incident serves as a timely reminder of the increasing sophistication and reach of modern cybercrime, as well as the shared responsibility that must be taken to limit its effects on society. Many experts continue to emphasize the importance of maintaining a safe system, including the use of strong, unique passwords, and the use of multi-factor authentication whenever possible. They advise maintaining your operating system and software up to date as well as using the proper passwords. 

Furthermore, users are advised to remain cautious of any unexpected emails or messages they receive, even if they appear to have come from trusted sources. Likewise, users should exclusively communicate through official channels to avoid any confusion. 

The focus continues to remain on raising awareness and improving resilience among individuals and organisations with the aim of improving digital awareness and improving collaboration between the authorities and the business and financial sector. 

A new approach has been adopted by agencies to encourage early detection, clear communication, and practical guidance that are aimed at reducing immediate harm while also fostering long-term confidence among New Zealanders in navigating an increasingly complex online world.
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XWorm trojan
HP Wolf Security report 2025 Living off the land attacks Lumma Stealer malware XWorm trojan

Cybercriminals Hide Malware in Trusted Tools and File Formats, HP Wolf Security Warns

 


Attackers are increasingly disguising malicious activity inside everyday business tools and file formats that employees and IT teams typically trust. According to the latest HP Wolf Security Threat Insights Report (Q2 2025), threat actors are refining their strategies to blend in with legitimate processes, making it more difficult for security defenses to keep up.

One of the standout campaigns observed in Q2 2025 involved the XWorm remote access trojan (RAT). Instead of deploying custom malware directly, attackers chained together several built-in Windows utilities. These “living off the land” binaries were used to run commands, transfer files, and decode hidden malware, all while evading many security alerts.

The final XWorm payload was concealed inside the pixels of a genuine image from a trusted website. Attackers then used PowerShell scripts to extract the hidden code, with MSBuild executing the malware. Once complete, attackers gained full remote access and data-stealing capabilities using only tools already present on the system.

“Living off the land techniques are notoriously difficult for security teams because it’s hard to tell green flags from red – i.e. legitimate activity versus an attack… Even the best detection will miss some threats, so defense-in-depth with containment and isolation is essential to trap attacks before they can cause harm,” explained Dr. Ian Pratt, Global Head of Security for Personal Systems at HP Inc.

Phishing emails continue to dominate, accounting for 61% of threats reaching endpoints. Attackers are exploiting document formats to trick victims:

  • Invoice-themed campaigns used SVG attachments imitating Adobe Acrobat, complete with animations, before luring users into downloading malware. The attack installed a lightweight reverse shell, enabling remote execution and data theft.
  • PDF-based lures displayed blurred invoices and download prompts, ultimately dropping a malicious Visual Basic Encoded script hidden in a ZIP archive. This technique stored malware components in the Windows Registry, making detection harder. Victims were infected with MassLogger, a credential stealer, and in some French cases, a secondary RAT named ModiRAT

Attackers are also reviving outdated file formats to bypass detection. Compiled HTML Help (.chm) files, once used for Windows manuals, are being weaponized with embedded scripts to deliver multi-stage infections, often leading to XWorm.

Shortcut files (LNKs) disguised as PDFs inside phishing ZIPs were also spotted. Instead of opening documents, the shortcuts launched malicious code that installed the Remcos RAT. In some campaigns, attackers even embedded payloads inside obsolete Program Information File (PIF) formats to further reduce suspicion.

Despite a major international takedown in May 2025, the Lumma Stealer malware resurfaced just a month later with fresh infrastructure. Attackers distributed it through IMG archives attached to phishing emails. When opened, these acted as virtual drives containing an HTML Application file disguised as an invoice. This eventually executed obfuscated PowerShell scripts, running Lumma Stealer in memory and bypassing disk-based security tools.

The findings underline how cybercriminals exploit trusted tools, realistic lures, and legacy file formats to bypass security. Traditional detection methods based on file signatures are no longer enough. Defense strategies must instead focus on monitoring behavior, persistence techniques, and system tool abuse.

“Attackers aren’t reinventing the wheel, but they are refining their techniques. Living-off-the-land, reverse shells and phishing have been around for decades, but today’s threat actors are sharpening these methods… You don’t have to drop a fully-fledged RAT when a simple, lightweight script will achieve the same effect. It’s simple, fast and often slips under the radar because it’s so basic,” said Alex Holland, Principal Threat Researcher, HP Security Lab.
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malware
2FA cryptocurrency Fake Captcha Identity Theft Lumma Stealer malware

Hackers Trick Users with Fake Captchas to Steal Data

 



Cybersecurity researchers have uncovered a new technique where attackers use fake Captcha tests to trick people into installing malware called Lumma Stealer. This malicious program is designed to quietly search infected computers for valuable information, such as login credentials, cryptocurrency wallet details, and two-factor authentication codes.

The scheme first appeared on a Greek banking website, where users were shown what looked like a Captcha security test. Instead of a normal verification, the prompt instructed Windows users to copy a piece of text into their Run dialog box and press Enter. By doing so, victims unknowingly triggered the installation of Lumma Stealer without downloading a visible file.

According to data shared by DNSFilter, a security company monitoring the incident, clients came across this fake Captcha 23 times in just three days. Alarmingly, around 17% of users who saw it followed the instructions, which led to attempts to infect their systems with malware.


How Lumma Stealer Works

Once inside a computer, Lumma Stealer immediately begins searching for anything that can be exploited for profit. This includes saved browser passwords, cookies, stored two-factor authentication tokens, cryptocurrency wallets, and even the data kept in password managers. Cybercriminals can use this stolen information to commit identity theft, break into financial accounts, or steal digital assets such as crypto funds.

What makes this threat particularly concerning is that Lumma Stealer can be hidden on otherwise legitimate websites, meaning unsuspecting users may fall victim even without visiting suspicious or obviously harmful pages.


Malware-as-a-Service Model

Lumma Stealer is part of a growing cybercrime trend known as Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS). Under this model, professional malware developers create the malicious software, improve its ability to avoid detection, and maintain hosting services. They then rent access to the malware to other cybercriminals in exchange for subscription fees. This arrangement makes it easy for attackers with little technical expertise to launch damaging campaigns.

Earlier this year, authorities attempted to disrupt Lumma Stealer operations. The U.S. Department of Justice seized several domains linked to the malware, while Microsoft removed thousands of related websites. However, security analysts report that Lumma Stealer quickly resurfaced, showing just how resilient and profitable such services can be.

Part of Lumma Stealer’s popularity comes from its low cost. Subscriptions can be found on underground forums for only a few hundred dollars per month, yet the potential financial return for criminals is enormous. In recent analyses, experts estimated that hundreds of thousands of devices have been compromised, with losses reaching tens of millions of dollars.

The importance of staying alert online cannot be emphasised enough. Unusual instructions, such as copying text into a computer’s Run command should raise suspicion immediately. Cybersecurity specialists advise users to verify unexpected prompts and ensure their systems are protected with updated security tools to reduce the risk of infection.



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Telegram Premium malware
drive-by download attack fake Telegram website identity theft risk Lumma Stealer malware Telegram Premium malware

Fake Telegram Premium Website Spreads Lumma Stealer Malware

 

Cybersecurity researchers have uncovered a malicious campaign that uses a fraudulent Telegram Premium website to distribute a dangerous variant of the Lumma Stealer malware. According to a report by Cyfirma, the fake domain telegrampremium[.]app closely imitates the official Telegram Premium branding and hosts a file named start.exe.

The executable, developed in C/C++, is automatically downloaded when a user visits the site—no clicks required. Once executed, it collects sensitive data, including stored browser credentials, cryptocurrency wallet information, and system details, significantly raising the risk of identity theft. The site acts as a drive-by download, meaning malware is delivered without user consent.

Researchers noted the executable’s high entropy, indicating the use of a cryptor to conceal its operations and evade traditional security detection. Static analysis revealed that the malware imports numerous Windows API functions, giving it the ability to alter files, edit registry entries, access the clipboard, launch further payloads, and bypass defenses.

The Lumma Stealer variant also makes DNS queries through Google’s public DNS, sidestepping corporate network restrictions. It communicates with legitimate platforms like Telegram and Steam Community for possible command-and-control (C2) operations, while also relying on algorithmically generated domains to avoid domain takedowns.

The attackers rely on newly registered infrastructure, pointing to short-lived but highly targeted operations. The malware also drops disguised files in the %TEMP% directory, including encrypted payloads hidden as image files. These are later renamed and executed as obfuscated scripts, which help the malware erase its tracks.

Advanced evasion techniques include the use of commands like Sleep to delay execution and LoadLibraryExW to discreetly load DLLs, making early detection more difficult for security analysts.

How to Stay Safe
  • Deploy endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools that can spot behaviors linked to Lumma Stealer
  • Block known malicious domains
  • Enforce strict download restrictions to prevent drive-by attacks
  • Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) to minimize damage from stolen credentials
  • Rotate credentials regularly to limit attackers’ long-term access
  • Continuously monitor for unusual activity to ensure swift response
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malware
antivirus protection cyber threat DLL injection Fake VPN GitHub malware Lumma Stealer malware

New Cyber Threat: Fake VPNs on GitHub Spreading Lumma Stealer Malware

 

Security researchers are raising alarms about a newly emerging cyber threat involving counterfeit VPN software distributed through GitHub. According to a recent report by Cyfirma, threat actors are disguising malware as a legitimate tool called “Free VPN for PC” to trick users into downloading what is actually a dropper for the notorious Lumma Stealer malware.

This deceptive malware has also been spotted masquerading as a “Minecraft Skin Changer,” targeting unsuspecting gamers and individuals seeking free utilities. Once installed, it activates a multi-layered attack process that includes techniques such as obfuscation, dynamic DLL loading, memory injection, and misuse of trusted Windows components like MSBuild.exe and aspnet_regiis.exe—all designed to stay hidden and maintain control over the infected system.

A key part of the attack’s effectiveness lies in its use of GitHub for distribution. One example includes the repository at github[.]com/SAMAIOEC, which hosted password-protected ZIP archives and provided usage instructions to enhance the appearance of legitimacy.

The malware payload, encoded in Base64 and peppered with French text, is concealed within these ZIP files.

“What begins with a deceptive free VPN download ends with a memory-injected Lumma Stealer operating through trusted system processes,” Cyfirma reports.

Upon launching, a file named Launch.exe begins decoding a Base64-encoded string, ultimately dropping a DLL file named msvcp110.dll into the user’s AppData directory. This DLL remains hidden, is loaded only during runtime, and calls a function—GetGameData()—that triggers the final payload.

Reverse engineering the threat is difficult, thanks to anti-debugging measures like IsDebuggerPresent() and heavily obfuscated control flows.

This attack is aligned with known MITRE ATT&CK tactics, including DLL side-loading, sandbox evasion, and in-memory execution.

How to Stay Protected:

  • Avoid unofficial software: Stay away from tools claiming to offer free VPNs or game modifications from unknown sources.
  • Be cautious with GitHub downloads: Even if hosted on trusted platforms, avoid downloading password-protected ZIP files or tools with unclear installation instructions.
  • Block executables in risky folders: Prevent programs from running in directories like AppData, commonly used by attackers to conceal malicious files.
  • Scrutinize DLL files: Investigate any suspicious DLLs found in roaming or temp folders.
  • Monitor unusual system behavior: Keep an eye on tasks like MSBuild.exe in your task manager that may indicate malicious activity.
  • Use behavior-based security tools: Employ antivirus solutions with behavioral detection, DDoS protection, and full endpoint security to safeguard against advanced threats such as memory injection and API misuse.

By remaining vigilant and using comprehensive cybersecurity tools, users can defend themselves against sophisticated attacks like this one.
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Microsoft
Infostealer Lumma Stealer Malicious Campaign malware Microsoft

Microsoft Uncover Password Stealer Malware on 4 lakh Windows PCs

 

Microsoft's Digital Crimes Unit (DCU) and global partners have halted Lumma Stealer, one of cybercriminals' most common info-stealing malware tools. On May 13, Microsoft and law enforcement agencies seized nearly 2,300 domains that comprise Lumma's infrastructure, inflicting a significant blow to cybercrime networks targeting sensitive private and institutional data. 

Lumma is a Malware-as-a-Service (MaaS) that has been advertised on underground forums since 2022. It specialises in siphoning passwords, banking credentials, cryptocurrency wallets, and other information. Its victims include individual consumers, schools, banks, and critical service providers. Between March and May 2025, Microsoft found about 394,000 Lumma-infected Windows systems. The majority of these systems were located in Brazil, the United States, and other parts of Europe.

The operation, which was permitted by the US District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, involved Microsoft, the US Department of Justice, Europol, and Japan's Cybercrime Control Centre. The DOJ removed Lumma's command infrastructure, while law enforcement assisted in the suspension of local networks that supported the malware. 

Microsoft is sending over 1,300 confiscated or transferred domains to its "sinkholes"—a defensive infrastructure that intercepts malicious traffic in order to detect and prevent further attempts. The insights gained from these sinkholes will help public and private cybersecurity operations to investigate, track, and neutralise Lumma-related threats. 

Lumma, which is designed to avoid detection, has been popular among ransomware gangs such as Octo Tempest (also known as Scattered Spider). It spreads via phishing attacks, malvertising, and impersonation frauds, such as a recent attack that used Booking.com to perpetrate financial theft. Lumma has been used against sectors like healthcare, telecom, and logistics in addition to financial fraud, highlighting the wide-ranging and persistent threat it poses.

“We know cybercriminals are persistent and creative. We, too, must evolve to identify new ways to disrupt malicious activities. Microsoft’s DCU will continue to adapt and innovate to counteract cybercrime and help ensure the safety of critical infrastructure, customers, and online users,” noted Microsoft in a blog post.
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Windows
Amaday Bot Lumma Stealer malware Malware Campaign Manufacturing Windows

New Malware Campaign Attacks Manufacturing Industry


Lumma Stealer and Amaday Bot Resurface

In a recent multi-stage cyberattack, Cyble Research and Intelligence (CRIL) found an attack campaign hitting the manufacturing industry. The campaign depends upon process injection techniques aimed at delivering malicious payloads like Amaday Bot and Lumma Stealer.

Using a chain of evasive actions, the threat actor (TA) exploits diverse Windows tools and processes to escape standard security checks, which leads to persistent system control and potential data theft. 

About the campaign

CRIL found an advanced multi-level attack campaign that starts with a spear-phishing mail. The email has a link that directs to an LNK file, hidden as a PDF file. When the fake PDF is clicked, it launches a series of commands. The LNK file is hosted on a WebDAV server, making it challenging for security software to trace.

“For instance, one of the malicious links observed in the campaign was hxxp://download-695-18112-001-webdav-logicaldoc[.]cdn-serveri4732-ns.shop. The attack’s effectiveness stems from its ability to exploit the name of a legitimate cloud-based document management system (LogicalDOC), commonly used in manufacturing and engineering industries, to convince targets into opening the file,” reports the Cyber Express.

How the campaign works

After executing the LNK file, it opens ssh.exe, a genuine system utility that can escape security software checks. Via ssh.exe, a PowerShell command is activated to retrieve an extra payload via a remote server from mshta.exe. 

Threat actors use this process to avoid detection via Google’s Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) framework merged with a compressed URL. The retrieved payload is a malicious script containing extra hacked commands that gradually deliver the last malicious payload to the target system.

Once the LNK file is executed, it launches ssh.exe, a legitimate system utility that can bypass security software’s detection. Through ssh.exe, a PowerShell command is triggered, which fetches an additional payload from a remote server using mshta.exe. This process is designed to evade detection by using Google’s Accelerated Mobile Pages (AMP) framework combined with a shortened URL. 

The payload fetched is a script that contains additional obfuscated commands that eventually deliver the final malicious payload to the victim’s system. 

CYBLE blog says, “The final payload, which involves the deployment of both Lumma stealer and Amadey bot, highlights the TA’s intent to steal sensitive information and maintain persistent control over compromised systems. Yara and Sigma rules to detect this campaign, are available for download from the linked GitHub repository.”    

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Online Security
CAPTCHA Lumma Stealer Malicious Campaign malware Online Security

Malware Campaign Expands Its Use of Fraudulent CAPTCHAs

 

Attackers are increasingly spreading malware using a unique method: a fake CAPTCHA as the initial infection vector. Researchers from multiple companies reported on this campaign in August and September. The attackers, who mainly targeted gamers, first transmitted the Lumma stealer to victims via websites hosting cracked games.

The recent adware research shows that this malicious CAPTCHA is spreading through a wide range of online resources unrelated to gaming, including adult sites, file-sharing services, betting platforms, anime resources, and web apps that monetise traffic. This shows that the distribution network is being expanded to reach a larger pool of victims. Furthermore, we discovered that the CAPTCHA distributes both Lumma and the Amadey Trojan. 

Malicious CAPTCHA

It's critical to comprehend how the attackers and their distribution network function in order to prevent falling for their tricks. Legitimate, non-malicious offers are also included in the ad network that pushes pages with the malicious CAPTCHA. 

It works as follows: the user is redirected to additional resources when they click anywhere on a page that uses the ad module. As is common with adware, the majority of redirects take users to websites that advertise security software, ad blockers, and similar products. Sometimes, though, the victim is directed to a page that contains the malicious CAPTCHA. 

Unlike genuine CAPTCHAs, which are intended to safeguard websites from bots, this copycat promotes illicit resources. As with the previous stage, the victim does not always come across malware. For example, the CAPTCHA on one of the sites invites the visitor to scan a QR code, which leads to a betting site. 

The Trojans are distributed using CAPTCHAs that provide instructions. By clicking the "I'm not a robot" button, you can copy the powershell line.exe -eC bQBzAGgAdABhA <...>MAIgA= to the clipboard and displays the following "verification steps": 

  • To open the Run dialogue box, use Win + R. 
  • Subsequently, paste the clipboard line into the text field using CTRL + V. 
  • Finally, press Enter to execute the code. 

Payload: Amadey trojan

Researchers have discovered that the same effort is also propagating the Amadey Trojan. Since 2018, Amadey has been the subject of multiple security reports. In short, the Trojan downloads multiple modules that steal credentials from major browsers and Virtual Network Computing (VNC) systems. 

It also detects cryptocurrency wallet addresses in the clipboard and replaces them with those owned by the attackers. One of the modules can also capture screenshots. In some cases, Amadey downloads the Remcos remote access tool to the victim's device, allowing the attackers complete control over it. 

From September 22 to October 14, 2024, over 140,000 users encountered ad scripts. According to Kaspersky's telemetry data, more than 20,000 of these 140,000 users were routed to infected sites, where some encountered a phoney update notification or a fake CAPTCHA. Users from Brazil, Spain, Italy, and Russia were the most commonly affected.
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Web
Browsing CAPTCHA Internet Lumma Stealer malware Web

Lumma Stealer Uses Fake CAPTCHA Pages to Distribute Malware

Lumma Stealer Uses Fake CAPTCHA Pages to Distribute Malware

Cyber security professionals are warning about a new cyber-attack vector: Lumma Stealer malware that uses fake CAPTCHA tests to spread malware on Windows devices. Users are advised to maintain caution when filling out a CAPTCHA challenge. 

“We have identified more active malicious sites spreading the Lumma Stealer. It's important to note that while this technique is currently being used to distribute Lumma Stealer, it could potentially be leveraged to deliver any type of malicious malware to unsuspecting users,” say experts from Cloud SEK.

How does CAPTCHA work?

A CAPTCHA traditionally works as a security checkpoint, making sure that online activities are started by humans and not automated bots. However, hackers are misusing the CAPTCHA for malicious gains, creating a fake CAPTCHA challenge. When a user completes it, the CAPTCHA deploys a series of malicious commands.

The fake CAPTCHA tests ask request users to press a sequence that many users think is harmless. But, doing so starts the download and activation of a Power Shell script that installs the Lumma Stealer malware.

Cybersecurity experts from Palo Alto Networks believe Lumma Stealer is an information-stealing malware used for stealing data- passwords, cookies, and cryptocurrency wallet credentials. If the malware is present on a compromised device, it exposes users to major risks of financial fraud, cyberattacks, and identity theft.

The malicious CAPTCHA has massive scale distribution, experts at Hudson Rock noticed that if a user visits compromised websites, it automatically copies the malicious script to a user's clipboard. This can increase the chances of automatic triggering of an attack.

Additionally, experts have noticed an increase in this kind of attack, meaning cybercriminals are improving and implementing their attack tactics. These fake CAPTCHA tests can be spread via phishing emails and messages, which makes them a threat.

Users can follow these steps to minimize the risks of fake CAPTCHA threats

Check URLs: Make sure the site is authentic before interacting with any CAPTCHA.

Keep systems updated: Updated OS, browsers, and antivirus software can increase your security.

Stay cautious with CAPTCHA: Stay safe from any CAPTCHA test that requests any action beyond selecting images and text input.

Follow safe browsing hygiene: Do not click links or attachments from unknown messages or emails.

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