According to a security alert issued by GitHub, this social engineering campaign is designed to compromise developers' accounts in the blockchain, cryptocurrency, online gambling, and cybersecurity industries. This is done through social engineering techniques.
The campaign was reportedly linked to the Lazarus hacking group sponsored by the North Korean state. It was also linked to the groups Jade Sleet and TraderTraitor (both tools of Microsoft Threat Intelligence). There was a report released by the United States government in 2022 which detailed threat actors' tactics.
Hacking group targets cryptocurrency companies and cybersecurity researchers to eavesdrop on them and steal their coins.
The Lazarus Group is a cybercrime organization that targets cryptocurrency companies and cyber researchers using various names, such as Jade Sleet and TraderTraitor. Cyberespionage and cryptocurrency theft are two of the group's activities. According to GitHub, no GitHub accounts were compromised in this campaign, nor were any npm systems accounts.
Lazarus Group reportedly uses legitimate GitHub or social media accounts that have been compromised or fake personas to pose as developers or recruiters on the platforms where they operate. This includes GitHub or social media. There is a wide range of personas designed to engage individuals in targeted industries. Ultimately, these personas will lead individuals to another platform, such as WhatsApp, through conversation.
It is normally threat actors who initiate collaboration on a project. They invite targets to clone a GitHub repository related to media players and cryptocurrency trading tools after establishing trust between them.
There are, however, malicious NPM dependencies on these projects that can download additional malware onto the devices of their targets.
In June 2022, Phylum published a report on NPM packages that have been based on malicious code, with details about how they behave despite GitHub not providing details about the malware's specific behavior. Phylum reports that these packages function as malware downloaders that connect to remote websites via a browser. The download of additional payloads onto the infected machine. Several limitations in the payload reception process meant that researchers were unable to analyze the final malware delivered.
As a consequence of this campaign, all NPM accounts and GitHub accounts associated with it have been suspended by GitHub. Additionally, they have published a list of indicators that can be used to identify whether a campaign is successful, including domains, GitHub accounts, and NPM packages. GitHub says the campaign was not intended to damage their systems.
Lazarus has run previous social engineering campaigns similar to this one in the past. A few of these attacks included the targeting of security researchers in January 2021, a fake company website that was created in March 2021, and a fake email campaign in July 2021. As a result of these attacks, threat actors were effective at creating elaborate personas and distributing malware disguised as exploits for vulnerabilities.
Lazarus is a group that targets cryptocurrency companies and developers to fund initiatives for the North Korean government. Several million dollars worth of cryptocurrency was stolen from them due to their involvement in the crime. It is worth noting that the theft of over 617 million dollars worth of Ethereum and USDC tokens was reported in an attack recently on Axie Infinity.
Aside from fund theft and phishing scams, Lazarus has allegedly employed other tactics as well, including sending malicious PDF files disguised as job offers to targets that could compromise their bank accounts. In this case, the group has successfully delivered malware using false employment opportunities as a method of delivering their malware.
Those in the target industries and developers should remain vigilant against the various types of social engineering attacks that are out there. Generally, individuals can protect themselves and their devices from malicious software and potentially compromised devices if they are aware of the tactics used by threat actors and adopt good cybersecurity practices, such as verifying the authenticity of requests and avoiding links and downloads that appear suspicious or unknown.
Attack Process by the Lazarus Group
To begin with, the threat actor claims to be a developer or recruiter. He poses as them on GitHub and other social media websites related to the developer or recruiter niche. For contacting victims, they use their accounts as well as compromised accounts by Jade Sleet exploited by the group.
There may be instances when the actor initiates contact on one platform and switches to another platform after a few minutes.
When a threat actor connects with a victim he or she invites the victim to collaborate on a GitHub repository and uses the target as a means of cloning and executing the contents of the repository. The attacker may send the malicious software directly through a messaging service or file-sharing service, without inviting people to the repository and cloning it, in some cases.
A malicious npm dependency has been included in the GitHub repository for the software. In addition to media players, the threat actor uses tools for selling cryptocurrencies in some of the software he builds. In addition to the malicious npm packages, these malicious npm packages also download secondary malware onto the victim's machine. A malicious package will normally not be published until a fake repository invitation is sent to you by an unknown threat actor.
IOC details have been shared on the GitHub blog along with the suspension of npm and GitHub accounts associated with the campaign. As a practice, the most effective method of avoiding this campaign is to be cautious of social media solicitations for collaboration on or the installation of software that relies on NPM packages or dependencies.
Lazarus Attacks in The Past
Cryptocurrency companies and developers have been the target of North Korean hackers for a long time to steal assets needed to fund their country's initiatives. To steal cryptocurrency wallets and funds, Lazarus spreads Trojanized cryptocurrency wallets and exchange apps to target cryptocurrency users.
It has been revealed that the U.S. Secret Service and the FBI have linked the Lazarus group to the theft of USDC and Ethereum tokens worth over $617 million from the blockchain-based game Axie Infinity by members of the Lazarus group. A malicious laced PDF file was later revealed to have been sent to one of the blockchain engineers by the threat actors, claiming to be a lucrative job offer disguised as a malicious PDF file. In this case, the attack was a result of this.
Additionally, in 2020, a campaign called "Operation Dream Job" was used to deliver malware to employees at prominent aerospace and defense companies in the US through fake employment opportunities used to spread malware to them.
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