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VS Code malware
BeaverTail malware Contagious Interview campaign malicious GitHub repository malware North Korea Hackers VS Code malware

North Korean Hackers Abuse VS Code Projects in Contagious Interview Campaign to Deploy Backdoors

 

North Korea–linked threat actors behind the long-running Contagious Interview campaign have been seen leveraging weaponized Microsoft Visual Studio Code (VS Code) projects to trick victims into installing a backdoor on their systems.

According to Jamf Threat Labs, this activity reflects a steady refinement of a technique that first came to light in December 2025. The attackers continue to adapt their methods to blend seamlessly into legitimate developer workflows.

"This activity involved the deployment of a backdoor implant that provides remote code execution capabilities on the victim system," security researcher Thijs Xhaflaire said in a report shared with The Hacker News.

Initially revealed by OpenSourceMalware last month, the attack relies on social engineering job seekers. Targets are instructed to clone a repository hosted on platforms such as GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket and open it in VS Code as part of an alleged hiring assessment.

Once opened, the malicious repository abuses VS Code task configuration files to run harmful payloads hosted on Vercel infrastructure, with execution tailored to the victim’s operating system. By configuring tasks with the "runOn: folderOpen" option, the malware automatically runs whenever the project or any file within it is opened in VS Code. This process ultimately results in the deployment of BeaverTail and InvisibleFerret.

Later versions of the campaign have introduced more complex, multi-stage droppers concealed within task configuration files. These droppers masquerade as benign spell-check dictionaries, serving as a fallback if the malware cannot retrieve its payload from the Vercel-hosted domain.

As with earlier iterations, the obfuscated JavaScript embedded in these files executes immediately when the project is opened in the integrated development environment (IDE). It connects to a remote server ("ip-regions-check.vercel[.]app") and runs any JavaScript code sent back. The final payload stage consists of yet another heavily obfuscated JavaScript component.

Jamf also identified a newly observed infection method that had not been documented previously. While the initial lure remains the same—cloning and opening a malicious Git repository in VS Code—the execution path changes once the repository is trusted.

"When the project is opened, Visual Studio Code prompts the user to trust the repository author," Xhaflaire explained. "If that trust is granted, the application automatically processes the repository's tasks.json configuration file, which can result in embedded arbitrary commands being executed on the system."
"On macOS systems, this results in the execution of a background shell command that uses nohup bash -c in combination with curl -s to retrieve a JavaScript payload remotely and pipe it directly into the Node.js runtime. This allows execution to continue independently if the Visual Studio Code process is terminated, while suppressing all command output."

The JavaScript payload, delivered from Vercel, contains the core backdoor logic. It establishes persistence, gathers basic system information, and maintains communication with a command-and-control server to enable remote code execution and system profiling.

In at least one observed incident, Jamf noted additional JavaScript being executed approximately eight minutes after the initial compromise. This secondary payload beacons to the server every five seconds, executes further JavaScript instructions, and can delete traces of its activity upon command. Researchers suspect the code may have been generated with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), based on the language and inline comments found in the source.

Actors linked to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) are known to aggressively target software developers, especially those working in cryptocurrency, blockchain, and fintech environments. These individuals often possess elevated access to financial systems, wallets, and proprietary infrastructure.

By compromising developer accounts and machines, attackers could gain access to sensitive source code, internal platforms, intellectual property, and digital assets. The frequent tactical changes observed in this campaign suggest an effort to improve success rates and further the regime’s cyber espionage and revenue-generation objectives.

The disclosure coincides with findings from Red Asgard, which investigated a malicious repository abusing VS Code tasks to install a full-featured backdoor known as Tsunami (also called TsunamiKit), along with the XMRig cryptocurrency miner. Separately, Security Alliance reported on a similar attack where a victim was contacted on LinkedIn by actors posing as the CTO of a project named Meta2140. The attackers shared a Notion[.]so page containing a technical test and a Bitbucket link hosting the malicious code.

Notably, the attack framework includes multiple fallback mechanisms. These include installing a rogue npm package called "grayavatar" or executing JavaScript that downloads an advanced Node.js controller. This controller runs five modules designed to log keystrokes, capture screenshots, scan the home directory for sensitive data, replace clipboard wallet addresses, steal browser credentials, and maintain persistent communication with a remote server.

The malware further establishes a parallel Python environment using a stager script that supports data exfiltration, cryptocurrency mining via XMRig, keylogging, and the installation of AnyDesk for remote access. The Node.js and Python components are tracked as BeaverTail and InvisibleFerret, respectively.

Collectively, these observations show that the state-sponsored group is testing several delivery mechanisms simultaneously to maximize the chances of successful compromise.

"While monitoring, we've seen the malware that is being delivered change very quickly over a short amount of time," Jaron Bradley, director of Jamf Threat Labs, told The Hacker News. It's worth noting that the payload we observed for macOS was written purely in JavaScript and had many signs of being AI assisted. It's difficult to know exactly how quickly attackers are changing their workflows, but this particular threat actor has a reputation for adapting quickly."

To reduce exposure, developers are urged to remain cautious when handling third-party repositories—particularly those shared during hiring exercises—carefully review source code before opening it in VS Code, and limit npm installations to trusted, well-vetted packages.

"This activity highlights the continued evolution of DPRK-linked threat actors, who consistently adapt their tooling and delivery mechanisms to integrate with legitimate developer workflows," Jamf said. "The abuse of Visual Studio Code task configuration files and Node.js execution demonstrates how these techniques continue to evolve alongside commonly used development tools."
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South Korea
cryptocurrency cryptocurrency theft cyber espionage Cyber Security IT Industry North Korea North Korea Hackers South Korea

Sanctions Imposed on North Korean Cyber Activities Supporting Nuclear Ambitions

 

South Korea has announced sanctions against 15 North Korean nationals and the Chosun Geumjeong Economic Information Technology Exchange Corporation for orchestrating schemes that finance North Korea’s nuclear weapons and missile programs. These measures target a global network involved in IT job fraud, cryptocurrency theft, and cyberattacks. 

The sanctioned individuals are linked to the 313th General Bureau, a division of North Korea’s Ministry of Munitions Industry. This bureau oversees the production and development of weapons and ballistic missiles. According to South Korea’s Peninsula Policy Bureau, these operatives are dispatched to countries such as China, Russia, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Using fake identities, they secure positions in international IT companies, generating revenue funneled back to the regime. 

Central to this operation is the Chosun Geumjeong Economic Information Technology Exchange Corporation. This organization plays a critical role by deploying IT professionals abroad and channeling significant financial resources to North Korea’s military projects. In recent years, North Korean operatives have increasingly infiltrated Western companies by posing as IT workers. This tactic not only generates revenue for the regime but also enables cyber espionage and theft. These workers have been found installing malware, stealing sensitive company data, and misappropriating funds. Some have even attempted to infiltrate secure software development environments. 

Despite the gravity of these actions, the stigma associated with hiring fraudulent workers has led many companies to keep such breaches private, leaving the true scope of the issue largely unknown. Additionally, South Korea accuses North Korea of being a major player in global cryptocurrency theft. A 2024 United Nations report found that North Korean hackers carried out 58 cyberattacks against cryptocurrency firms between 2017 and 2023, amassing approximately $3 billion in stolen funds. North Korean nationals have also reportedly violated international sanctions by earning income through employment in various industries, including construction and hospitality. 

These activities pose significant risks to the global cybersecurity landscape and international stability. South Korea asserts that the funds generated through these operations directly support North Korea’s nuclear and missile programs, emphasizing the need for a unified international response. By imposing these sanctions, South Korea aims to disrupt North Korea’s illicit financial networks and mitigate the broader risks posed by its cyber activities. 

This marks a crucial step in the global effort to counter the threats associated with Pyongyang’s nuclear ambitions and its exploitation of cyberspace for financial gain.
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Threat Landscape
BlueNoroff macOS malware North Korea Hackers Threat Landscape

North Korean Hackers Employ macOS Malware to Target Crypto Firms

 

BlueNoroff, a North Korean threat actor, has been attacking crypto firms with a new multistage malware for macOS systems. 

According to the researchers, the campaign is known as Hidden Risk, and it lures victims with emails that include fake data on the current activities in the cryptocurrency market.

The malware employed in these attacks depends on a novel persistence method on macOS that does not generate any alerts on the most recent versions of the operating system, allowing it to bypass detection. 

BlueNoroff is known for cryptocurrency theft and has previously targeted macOS with a payload malware called 'ObjCShellz' that opens remote shells on affected Macs. 

Infection chain 

The attacks begin with a phishing email containing crypto-related news and subjects, disguised as if forwarded by a bitcoin influencer to boost credibility. The mail includes a link to a PDF containing the information, but it actually points to the attackers' "delphidigital[.]org" domain. 

According to SentinelLabs experts, the "URL currently serves a benign form of the Bitcoin ETF document with titles that change over time," but it also serves the first step of a malicious application bundle known as 'Hidden Risk Behind New Surge of Bitcoin Price.app'. 

The researchers state that for the Hidden Risk campaign, the threat actor employed an original academic paper from the University of Texas. The first stage is a dropper software signed and notarised with a valid Apple Developer ID, "Avantis Regtech Private Limited (2S8XHJ7948)," which Apple has since revoked. 

When activated, the dropper gets a decoy PDF from a Google Drive link and opens it in the default PDF browser to distract the victim. In the background, however, the following stage payload is downloaded from "matuaner[.]com.”

Interestingly, the hackers have effectively circumvented Apple's App Transport Security standards by altering the app's 'Info. plist' file to permit unsafe HTTP connections to the attacker-controlled site. 

The "Hidden Risk" campaign, according to SentinelLabs, has been in operation for the past 12 months or more. It employs a more straightforward phishing strategy that excludes the customary "grooming" on social media that other DPRK hackers partake in. 

In order to get beyond macOS Gatekeeper, the researchers also point out that BlueNoroff has demonstrated a consistent capacity to find new Apple developer accounts and have their payloads notarised.
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North Korea Hackers
ATM Hacking Cyber Attacks Hidden Cobra Linux Malware Malware Attack North Korea North Korea Hackers

North Korean Hackers Develop Linux Variant of FASTCash Malware Targeting Financial Systems

 

A new Linux variant of FASTCash malware has surfaced, targeting the payment switch systems of financial institutions. North Korean hackers, linked to the Hidden Cobra group, have expanded their cyber arsenal to now include Ubuntu 22.04 LTS distributions. Previously, the malware targeted Windows and IBM AIX systems. These payment switches route transactions between ATMs and banks, and the malware intercepts ISO8583 messages, modifying transaction responses from “decline” to “approve.” This manipulation authorizes fraudulent cash withdrawals through money mules. The discovery, made by security researcher HaxRob, revealed the Linux variant’s ability to bypass security tools, as it was first submitted to VirusTotal in June 2023 with no detection. 

It operates by injecting a shared library into a running process on the payment switch server using the ‘ptrace’ system call. FASTCash’s history of ATM cash-out attacks dates back to 2016, with incidents stealing tens of millions of dollars across multiple countries. The U.S. Cyber Command in 2020 attributed these schemes to APT38, part of the Lazarus Group. North Korea’s involvement in global financial theft is well-documented, with the theft of over $1.3 billion linked to this malware and other campaigns. The Linux variant’s ability to evade standard defenses puts financial institutions at heightened risk. Its discovery emphasizes the evolving tactics of North Korean cyber actors, who are continually refining malware to expand their reach. 

HaxRob also noted a new Windows version of FASTCash, submitted in September 2024, demonstrating the ongoing development of this malware. To mitigate this growing threat, financial institutions must strengthen security around payment switch systems, implement real-time monitoring of unusual transaction patterns, and upgrade defenses to detect advanced attack techniques like FASTCash. 

As North Korean hackers continue to develop sophisticated malware variants, financial organizations must prioritize protecting against this persistent threat to prevent unauthorized cash withdrawals and financial losses.
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US Military
Cyber Attacks NASA North Korea Hackers North Korean cyber attacks Ransom Attack Ransomware attack US Military

North Korean Hacker Indicted for Cyber Attacks on U.S. Hospitals, NASA, and Military Bases

 

Federal prosecutors announced the indictment of Rim Jong Hyok, a North Korean military intelligence operative, for his role in a conspiracy to hack into American healthcare providers, NASA, U.S. military bases, and international entities. 

The indictment, unveiled on July 25, 2024, in Kansas City, Kansas, details Hyok’s involvement in stealing sensitive information and deploying ransomware to fund further cyberattacks. Rim Jong Hyok is accused of laundering money through a Chinese bank, using the proceeds to acquire computer servers and finance additional cyberattacks targeting defense, technology, and government entities globally. The indictment highlights his connection to the Andariel Unit of North Korea’s Reconnaissance General Bureau, a state-sponsored group responsible for these malicious activities. 

The cyberattacks on American hospitals and healthcare providers disrupted patient care, underscoring the severe impact of such crimes on public health. Prosecutors allege that Hyok targeted 17 entities across 11 U.S. states, including NASA and U.S. military bases. Defense and energy companies in China, Taiwan, and South Korea were also among the victims. Over three months, Hyok and his team infiltrated NASA’s computer systems, extracting over 17 gigabytes of unclassified data. They also accessed systems of defense companies in Michigan and California and breached Randolph Air Force Base in Texas and Robins Air Force Base in Georgia. 

The malware used by the Andariel Unit enabled them to transmit stolen information to North Korean military intelligence, aiding the country’s military and nuclear ambitions. The stolen data included details of fighter aircraft, missile defense systems, satellite communications, and radar systems, according to a senior FBI official. Stephen A. Cyrus, an FBI agent based in Kansas City, emphasized that North Korea uses cybercrimes to circumvent international sanctions and fund its political and military goals. The impact of these attacks is felt directly by citizens, as evidenced by the disruption of hospital operations in Kansas and other states. 

A reward of up to $10 million has been offered for information leading to his capture or that of other foreign operatives targeting U.S. infrastructure. The Justice Department has a history of prosecuting North Korean hackers. In 2021, three North Korean programmers were charged with a range of cybercrimes, including an attack on an American movie studio and the attempted theft and extortion of over $1.3 billion from banks and companies worldwide. The FBI’s involvement in this case began when a Kansas medical center reported a ransomware attack in May 2021. 

Hackers had encrypted the hospital’s files and servers, blocking access to patient records and critical equipment. A ransom note demanded Bitcoin payments, threatening to leak the files online if the demands were not met. Investigators traced the Bitcoin transactions to two Hong Kong residents, eventually converting the funds to Chinese currency and transferring them to a Chinese bank. The money was accessed from an ATM near the Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge. 

In 2022, the Justice Department announced the seizure of approximately $500,000 in ransom payments, including the entire ransom paid by the Kansas hospital. While Hyok’s arrest is unlikely, the indictment may lead to sanctions that could hinder North Korea’s ability to collect ransoms, potentially reducing the motivation for future attacks on critical infrastructure. 

Cybersecurity analyst Allan Liska from Recorded Future notes that although sanctions may not stop North Korea’s cyber activities entirely, they could deter attacks on hospitals by making ransom payments more difficult to collect. This incident also raises questions about China’s stance on being targeted by its ally, North Korea.
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Symantec
Cyber Attacks Cyberhacking Hacker attack Hacker group Kimsuky Linux Malware Malware Trojan North Korea Hackers Software Symantec

North Korean Hacker Group Kimsuky Deploys New Linux Malware 'Gomir' via Trojanized Software Installers

 

North Korean hacker group Kimsuky has unveiled a new Linux malware named "Gomir," a variant of the GoBear backdoor. This development marks a significant advancement in the group's cyber espionage tactics. Kimsuky, linked to North Korea’s military intelligence, the Reconnaissance General Bureau (RGB), has a history of sophisticated cyber attacks aimed primarily at South Korean entities. 

In early February 2024, researchers at SW2, a threat intelligence company, reported a campaign by Kimsuky involving trojanized versions of various software solutions. These included TrustPKI and NX_PRNMAN from SGA Solutions and Wizvera VeraPort. The primary targets were South Korean entities, and the malicious software delivered the Troll Stealer and Go-based Windows malware known as GoBear. 

Further investigation by Symantec, a Broadcom company, revealed that the same campaign also deployed a Linux variant of the GoBear backdoor, dubbed "Gomir." This new malware shares many similarities with its Windows counterpart, featuring direct command and control (C2) communication, persistence mechanisms, and support for executing a wide range of commands. Upon installation, Gomir checks the group ID value to determine if it runs with root privileges on the Linux machine. 

It then copies itself to /var/log/syslogd for persistence, creates a systemd service named ‘syslogd,’ and issues commands to start the service. Following these steps, the original executable is deleted, and the initial process is terminated. To ensure it runs on system reboot, the backdoor attempts to configure a crontab command by creating a helper file ('cron.txt') in the current working directory. If successful, the helper file is removed. Gomir supports 17 operations triggered by commands received from the C2 via HTTP POST requests. 

These operations include pausing communication with the C2 server, executing arbitrary shell commands, reporting the current working directory, probing network endpoints, and more. Notably, these commands are almost identical to those supported by the GoBear Windows backdoor, highlighting the malware's versatility and Kimsuky's ability to adapt its tools across different operating systems. Symantec researchers have pointed out that supply-chain attacks, such as trojanized software installers and fake installers, are a preferred attack method for North Korean espionage actors. 

The choice of software for trojanization seems to be carefully selected to maximize infection rates among South Korean targets. By compromising widely used software solutions, Kimsuky increases its chances of infiltrating targeted systems and exfiltrating valuable data. The implications of Kimsuky's activities are significant. By enhancing their malware capabilities and expanding their target range to include Linux systems, Kimsuky poses a heightened threat to organizations, particularly those in South Korea. 

The use of advanced malware like Gomir demonstrates the group's continuous evolution and sophistication in cyber espionage. Symantec's report on this campaign includes a set of indicators of compromise (IOCs) for multiple malicious tools observed, including Gomir, Troll Stealer, and the GoBear dropper. These IOCs are crucial for cybersecurity professionals to detect and mitigate the impact of these threats. 

As the digital landscape continues to evolve, the need for robust cybersecurity measures becomes ever more critical. Organizations, especially those in high-target regions like South Korea, must remain vigilant and proactive in their defense strategies. This includes regularly updating software, conducting thorough security assessments, and implementing comprehensive threat detection and response mechanisms. 

The emergence of Gomir and similar threats underscores the importance of international cooperation in combating cybercrime. By sharing intelligence and collaborating on cybersecurity initiatives, nations can better protect their critical infrastructure and sensitive data from sophisticated threat actors like Kimsuky.
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North Korea Hackers
cyber attack Financial Exploit Laundering Lazarus Group Linkedin North Korea Hackers

North Korean Hackers Exploit LinkedIn in Targeted Attacks

 


The North Korean hacker group Lazarus has once again made headlines, this time for exploiting LinkedIn in their cyber operations. According to a report by blockchain security analytics firm SlowMist, Lazarus hackers are leveraging the professional networking platform to target unsuspecting users and pilfer their assets through malware attacks.


LinkedIn Used as a Trojan Horse

This involves Lazarus members masquerading as blockchain developers seeking employment opportunities in the cryptocurrency industry. By posing as job seekers, they lure in vulnerable targets, enticing them to share access to their code repositories under the guise of collaborative work. However, the innocuous-seeming code snippets provided by the hackers contain malicious elements designed to syphon off confidential information and assets from the victims' systems.


History of Innovation in Cybercrime

This tactic isn't new for Lazarus, as they previously employed a similar strategy in December 2023, posing as recruiters from Meta. Back then, they convinced victims to download malware-infected coding challenges, which, when executed, granted remote access to their computers.


Lazarus: A Cyber Threat

Lazarus has earned a notorious reputation in the cybersecurity realm since its emergence in 2009. The group is infamous for orchestrating some of the largest cryptocurrency heists, including the 2022 Ronin Bridge hack, which saw a staggering $625 million being stolen.


Laundering Techniques

Once they've plundered their ill-gotten gains, Lazarus employs sophisticated techniques, such as crypto mixing services, to launder the funds back to North Korea. Reports suggest these funds are funnelled into financing the country's military endeavors.


Industry Response and Countermeasures

In response to persistent cyber threats, crypto companies are advocating for heightened security measures and conducting awareness seminars to educate employees about potential risks. The industry's proactive stance has led to the implementation of robust security protocols and increased investment in cybersecurity to safeguard against data breaches and financial theft.


The recent exploits by Lazarus serve as a stark reminder of the ever-present dangers lurking in the digital realm. As cyber threats continue to expand, it's imperative for individuals and organisations alike to remain careful and adopt proactive measures to mitigate risks and be digitally secured.


By staying informed and proactive, investors, traders, and social media users can collectively work towards thwarting cyber threats and safeguarding digital assets in an increasingly interconnected world.


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US Government
Data Breach Hacker group Kimsuky Kimsuky North Korea Hackers OFAC US Government

US Govt’s OFAC Sanctions North Korea-based Kimsuky Hacking Group


The Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has recently confirmed the involvement of Kimsuky, a North-Korea sponsored hacking group, in a cyber breach attempt that resulted in the compromise of intel in support of the country’s strategic aims. 

Eight North Korean agents have also been sanctioned by the agency for aiding in the evasion of sanctions and promoting their nation's WMD development.

The current measures are apparently a direct response to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's (DPRK) purported launch of a military reconnaissance satellite on November 21 in an attempt to hinder the DPRK's ability to produce revenue, obtain resources, and obtain intelligence to further its WMD program.

"Active since 2012, Kimsuky is subordinate to the UN- and U.S. designated Reconnaissance General Bureau (RGB), the DPRK's primary foreign intelligence service," the Department of Treasury stated. "Malicious cyber activity associated with the Kimsuky advanced persistent threat is also known in the cybersecurity industry as APT43, Emerald Sleet, Velvet Chollima, TA406, and Black Banshee."

The OFAC, in August 2010, linked Kimsuky to North Korea's primary foreign intelligence agency, the Reconnaissance General Bureau. 

Kimsuky’s operations mostly consist of stealing intelligence, focusing on foreign policies and national security concerns regarding the Korean peninsula and nuclear policy. 

High-Profile Targets of Kimsuky

One of the most notable high-profile targets of the North Korea-based cyberespionage group includes the compromise of South Korea’s nuclear reactor operator in 2018, Operation STOLEN PENCIL against academic institutions in 2018, Operation Kabar Cobra against South Korean government organizations and defense-related agencies in 2019, and Operation Smoke Screen the same year.

Kimsuky was responsible for targeting at least 28 UN officials and several UN Security Council officials in their spear-phishing campaign conducted in August 2020. The cyberespionage group also infiltrated infiltrated South Korea's Atomic Energy Research Institute in June 2021. 

In September 2019, the US Treasury Department imposed sanctions on the North Korean hacker groups Lazarus, Bluenoroff, and Andariel for transferring money to the government of the nation through financial assets pilfered from global cyberattacks against targets.

In May, OFAC also declared sanctions against four North Korean companies engaged in cyberattacks and illegal IT worker schemes intended to raise money for the DPRK's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs.  

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