The topic of cybersecurity has undoubtedly become one of the most pressing issues on the business agenda over the last few years. Despite the many technological advancements, malicious attacks are constantly on the rise as a result of the digitalization of business practices. IMF estimations claim that it has more than doubled since the beginning of the pandemic. 

During the year 2023, the number of data breaches has increased by 20 per cent over the year 2022, according to a recent report. Several threats can compromise sensitive information of both companies and their clients, halt enterprise operations, and result in substantial financial losses incurred by the organization. In 2023, IBM reported that the average cost of a data breach per venture was $4.45 million, which equates to a 30 per cent increase in the startup price. 

It represents a 14 per cent increase from last year, a 2.3 per cent increase from last year, and a 15.3 per cent increase from 2020, making it an all-time high. Depending on the size of the company, the financial burden may be greater for some than for others. Taking Equifax's major breach in the US credit reporting agency, which affected 150 million consumers, as an example, the company paid over $1 billion in penalties following the breach in 2017. 

Further, malicious activities have the potential to affect companies in several ways, including immediate financial losses, but also long-term issues with efficiency and effectiveness. It has been found that one of the consequences of these kinds of events is that they undermine the reputation of a company. It is in turn consequential in that it can lessen a company's chances for obtaining future funding or compromise its ability to expand its client base. 

The additional cost of patching a breach is also very great for organizations, often costing a lot of money. It was recently reported that one of the most prominent marketplaces for in-game goods globally lost 11 million dollars worth of goods due to a security breach. Despite its revenue increase, this incident has affected its audience in terms of repulsion, which has affected the site's revenue increase. During that period, the company was forced to suspend all operations as a result of securing the platform and strengthening its security. 

 Attempting to eliminate these issues from reoccurring, businesses are putting increasingly sophisticated barriers in place to prevent the possibility of hackers exploiting their systems. The amount of money being spent on various cybersecurity tools is an indication that this is the case. A recent study indicates that the market will reach an estimated $80 billion by 2023, based on the data provided. According to statistics, the total expenditure in 2022 is estimated to be $71.1 billion. The projected expenditure on cybersecurity is expected to reach $87 billion this year. 

Companies are investing in a diverse range of solutions, including advanced encryption, multi-factor authentication, and real-time threat detection systems. However, an ironic issue emerges: as cybersecurity advances, malicious actors simultaneously innovate and escalate their tactics. They scrutinize the technologies deployed to protect assets and identify weak points to breach these defenses. For example, the advent of quantum computing offers the promise of stronger encryption methods. 

Yet, it also poses a potential threat, as cybercriminals could exploit quantum capabilities to break current encryption standards. Similarly, while multi-cloud architecture enhances risk resilience by distributing data across multiple platforms, it also expands the attack surface. The broader network perimeter introduces more points of vulnerability. Microsoft reports that securing all cloud-native applications and infrastructure throughout their lifecycle is challenging for many businesses. 

Their 2023 report indicates that the average organization had 351 exploitable attack paths that threat actors could use to access high-value assets. This cat-and-mouse dynamic is particularly evident among large companies. A growing trend is that while big firms are enhancing their layers of protection, hackers are increasingly targeting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs often have fewer resources to invest in cybersecurity, making them easier targets for malicious actors. As of 2023, 31% of SMEs experienced a cybersecurity breach in the previous 12 months. 

Another paradox is that these malicious organizations are often small-scale entities themselves, contrary to popular belief. These so-called private sector offensive actors usually have limited resources compared to giants like Microsoft or other large firms. However, they do not require large budgets, as identifying software vulnerabilities is significantly less complex and costly than creating the software itself. To illustrate, it is much easier for a teacher to check 30 homework than for a single student to prepare the same number of papers from scratch. 

While large malicious actors certainly exist in the field, their impact on cybersecurity is often overshadowed by the influence of thousands or even tens of thousands of independent hackers. Given this paradox, businesses must adopt a holistic and proactive approach to cybersecurity. Organizations should invest in comprehensive security frameworks that encompass prevention, detection, and rapid response to any suspicious activities. Employee training is also crucial. 

Human error remains one of the weakest links in cybersecurity. Indeed, 95% of modern cybersecurity breaches are caused by human mistakes, such as setting weak passwords. Moreover, only one-third of breaches identified in 2023 were detected by the company’s security team. This underscores the necessity for organizations to train their employees to recognize and respond to potential threats, thereby reducing the number of successful attacks. 

Furthermore, collaboration is essential. The public and private sectors must work together to share intelligence and develop unified strategies to combat cyber threats. Information sharing can lead to more robust defences and a collective understanding of emerging threats. Continuous monitoring of the cybersecurity field, adaptation, and modernization—or even radical changes to solutions—are imperative. As cybersecurity expert Bruce Schneier famously stated, security is a process, not a one-time product.