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Phishing Attack
Browser Security Browser Vulnerability Cyber Attacks cybercriminals data attacks data security Data Theft Phishing Attack

Browser-Based Attacks in 2025: Key Threats Security Teams Must Address

 

In 2025, the browser has become one of the primary battlefields for cybercriminals. Once considered a simple access point to the internet, it now serves as the main gateway for employees into critical business applications and sensitive data. This shift has drawn attackers to target browsers directly, exploiting them as the weakest link in a highly connected and decentralized work environment. With enterprises relying heavily on SaaS platforms, online collaboration tools, and cloud applications, the browser has transformed into the focal point of modern cyberattacks, and security teams must rethink their defenses to stay ahead. 

The reason attackers focus on browsers is not because of the technology itself, but because of what lies beyond them. When a user logs into a SaaS tool, an ERP system, or a customer database, the browser acts as the entryway. Incidents such as the Snowflake customer data breach and ongoing attacks against Salesforce users demonstrate that attackers no longer need to compromise entire networks; they simply exploit the session and gain direct access to enterprise assets. 

Phishing remains one of the most common browser-driven threats, but it has grown increasingly sophisticated. Attackers now rely on advanced Attacker-in-the-Middle kits that steal not only passwords but also active sessions, rendering multi-factor authentication useless. These phishing campaigns are often cloaked with obfuscation and hosted on legitimate SaaS infrastructure, making them difficult to detect. In other cases, attackers deliver malicious code through deceptive mechanisms such as ClickFix, which disguises harmful commands as verification prompts. Variants like FileFix are spreading across both Windows and macOS, frequently planting infostealer malware designed to harvest credentials and session cookies. 

Another growing risk comes from malicious OAuth integrations, where attackers trick users into approving third-party applications that secretly provide them with access to corporate systems. This method proved devastating in recent Salesforce-related breaches, where hackers bypassed strong authentication and gained long-term access to enterprise environments. Similarly, compromised or fraudulent browser extensions represent a silent but dangerous threat. These can capture login details, hijack sessions, or inject malicious scripts, as highlighted in the Cyberhaven incident in late 2024. 

File downloads remain another effective attack vector. Malware-laced documents, often hidden behind phishing portals, continue to slip past traditional defenses. Meanwhile, stolen credentials still fuel account takeovers in cases where multi-factor authentication is weak, absent, or improperly enforced. Attackers exploit these gaps using ghost logins and bypass techniques, highlighting the need for real-time browser-level monitoring. 

As attackers increasingly exploit the browser as a central point of entry, organizations must prioritize visibility and control at this layer. By strengthening browser security, enterprises can reduce identity exposure, close MFA gaps, and limit the risks of phishing, malware delivery, and unauthorized access. The browser has become the new endpoint of enterprise defense, and protecting it is no longer optional.
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stolen information
Data Breach Google Hacking Phishing Attack Salesforce Scams stolen information

Google Confirms Data Breach in Salesforce System Linked to Known Hacking Group

 



Google has admitted that some of its customer data was stolen after hackers managed to break into one of its Salesforce databases.

The company revealed the incident in a blog post on Tuesday, explaining that the affected database stored contact details and notes about small and medium-sized business clients. The hackers, a group known online as ShinyHunters and officially tracked as UNC6040, were able to access the system briefly before Google’s security team shut them out.

Google stressed that the stolen information was limited to “basic and mostly public” details, such as business names, phone numbers, and email addresses. It did not share how many customers were affected, and a company spokesperson declined to answer further questions, including whether any ransom demand had been made.

ShinyHunters is notorious for breaking into large organizations’ cloud systems. In this case, Google says the group used voice phishing, calling employees and tricking them into granting system access — to target its Salesforce environment. Similar breaches have recently hit other companies using Salesforce, including Cisco, Qantas, and Pandora.

While Google believes the breach’s immediate impact will be minimal, cybersecurity experts warn there may be longer-term risks. Ben McCarthy, a lead security engineer at Immersive, pointed out that even simple personal details, once in criminal hands, can be exploited for scams and phishing attacks. Unlike passwords, names, dates of birth, and email addresses cannot be changed.

Google says it detected and stopped the intrusion before all data could be removed. In fact, the hackers only managed to take a small portion of the targeted database. Earlier this year, without naming itself as the victim, Google had warned of a similar case where a threat actor retrieved only about 10% of data before being cut off.

Reports suggest the attackers may now be preparing to publish the stolen information on a data leak site, a tactic often used to pressure companies into paying ransoms. ShinyHunters has been linked to other criminal networks, including The Com, a group known for hacking, extortion, and sometimes even violent threats.

Adding to the uncertainty, the hackers themselves have hinted they might leak the data outright instead of trying to negotiate with Google. If that happens, affected business contacts could face targeted phishing campaigns or other cyber threats.

For now, Google maintains that its investigation is ongoing and says it is working to ensure no further data is at risk. Customers are advised to stay alert for suspicious calls, emails, or messages claiming to be from Google or related business partners.

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Steam
Cyber Attacks Gaming Internet Online Gaming Phishing Attack Steam

Hackers Target 'Counter Strike-2' Players Via Fake Steam Login Pop-ups

Hackers Target 'Counter Strike-2' Players Via Fake Steam Login Pop-ups

Browser-in-the-browser attacks are simple yet sophisticated phishing scams. Hackers emulate trusted services via fake pop-up windows that look like the actual (real) login pages. While there have been a lot of reports describing browser-in-the-browser tactics, it is very difficult to actually catch a hacker deploying this campaign.

Fake Steam pages used to target gamers

Cybercriminals are targeting Counter-Strike 2 (a free-to-play tactical first-person shooter game) players using a disguised Steam login page that looks quite convincing. The fake page tricks innocent gamers into giving away their account IDs and passwords.

The hackers distributed the attack on the websites that pretended to represent the sports team Navi. “Part of the campaign’s attack tactics also includes abusing the name of a professional esports team called Navi,” reports cybersecurity vendor Silent Push. The hackers offered visitors free weapons skins or a “free case” that could be used in the game. To get these freebies, the phishing page demanded users to log in to Steam. 

“All of the websites our team has found so far were in English save one Chinese site, simplegive[.]cn, which was created in Mandarin, with some English wording, and used the top-level domain (TLD) '.cn,” reports Silent Push.

Campaign explained

The campaign, an example of browser-in-the-browser tactic, is built around creating an almost real-looking fake browser pop-up windows that display the URL of the actual website. It aims to make a visitor feel safe; the users believe the pop-up window is part of the real site. When a victim tries to log into the fake Steam portal, the hackers steal their login credentials and also try to take over victim accounts for future resale. After this, the site shows a fake pop-up page that mimics the Steam login portal, including the official “steamcommunity.com” domain in the web address. But the pop-up is a dummy window inside the phishing webpage; Silent Push has shown this in its video.

More about fake pop-up and how to identify it

According to Silent Push, the fake pop-up to the Steam login “cannot be maximized, minimized, or moved outside the browser window even though victims can ‘interact’ with the URL bar of the fake pop-up.” Silent Push also said that the campaign can be more effective for desktop users because the pop-ups are designed to be viewed on a larger resolution, in this case, big screens. All the fake Navi websites discovered were in English, except one Chinese site, which was in Mandarin with few English words. 

The fake websites were hosted on domains like casenaps[.]com, caserevs[.]com, and caseneiv[.]com. However, it doesn’t seem likely that the hackers took the time to make fake pop-ups for mobile phone viewing. To stay safe, users should always check for fake URL bars in any login pop-ups. If you find any URL bar, always drag that window outside of your browser. If it doesn’t move, you can tell the pop-up is fake.

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Polymorphic Attack
cyber attack Google malware Online Scams Phishing Attack Polymorphic Attack

New Polymorphic Attack Enables Malicious Chrome Extensions to Impersonate Password Managers and Banking Apps

Researchers at SquareX Labs have uncovered a sophisticated “polymorphic” attack targeting Google Chrome extensions, allowing malicious extensions to seamlessly morph into trusted ones, such as password managers, cryptocurrency wallets, and banking apps. The attack exploits Chrome’s ‘chrome.management’ API to gain insights into the user’s installed extensions and then impersonates them to steal sensitive information. 

The attack begins when an unsuspecting user installs a seemingly legitimate extension—such as an AI-powered marketing tool—through the Chrome Web Store. Once installed, the extension gains access to the list of other installed extensions using the ‘chrome.management’ API. If this permission is not granted, attackers can use a stealthier approach, injecting malicious code into web pages to detect installed extensions based on unique resource requests. 

This information is then sent to an attacker-controlled server, which determines whether a targeted extension is present. If a high-value target, such as a password manager, is detected, the malicious extension initiates the impersonation process. SquareX demonstrated how attackers could disable a legitimate extension, like 1Password, using the ‘chrome.management’ API or by manipulating the user interface to hide it. Simultaneously, the malicious extension changes its name, icon, and behavior to mimic the real one. 
To lure victims into entering their credentials, attackers deploy deceptive tactics, such as displaying fake session expiration messages that prompt users to log back in via a phishing form.

The stolen credentials are then sent to the attackers, after which the malicious extension reverts to its original state and re-enables the genuine extension, making detection nearly impossible. 

SquareX Labs has responsibly disclosed the vulnerability to Google, warning that it remains exploitable even in the latest Chrome version. The researchers recommend that Google strengthen security measures by restricting abrupt extension modifications, such as icon or HTML changes, or at the very least, issuing user alerts when such modifications occur. They also criticize Google’s classification of the ‘chrome.management’ API as a “medium risk,” given its extensive use in widely trusted extensions, including ad blockers and password managers. 

As of now, Google has not implemented any direct countermeasures against this attack. BleepingComputer has reached out to the company for a statement and will update its report accordingly. Meanwhile, users are advised to exercise caution when installing Chrome extensions and to be wary of unusual login prompts that could be phishing attempts.
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supply chain security
Bank Data Data Breach Data Leak data security fake ads Fidelity Personal Data Phishing Attack Phishing Camapign supply chain security

General Dynamics Confirms Data Breach Via Phishing Campaign

 


In October 2024, General Dynamics (GD), a prominent name in aerospace and defense, confirmed a data breach impacting employee benefits accounts. The breach, detected on October 10, affected 37 individuals, including two residents of Maine. Attackers accessed sensitive personal data and bank details, with some accounts experiencing unauthorized changes.

The incident originated from a phishing campaign targeting a third-party login portal for Fidelity’s NetBenefits Employee Self Service system. Through a fraudulent ad campaign, attackers redirected employees to a spoofed login page resembling the legitimate portal. Employees who entered their credentials inadvertently provided access to their accounts. The compromised data included:

  • Personal Information: Names, birthdates, and Social Security numbers.
  • Government IDs: Details of government-issued identification.
  • Banking Details: Account numbers and direct deposit information.
  • Health Information: Disability status of some employees.

In some cases, attackers altered direct deposit information in affected accounts. The breach began on October 1, 2024, but was only discovered by General Dynamics on October 10. Once identified, access to the compromised portal was suspended, and affected employees were promptly notified. Written instructions were sent to reset credentials and secure accounts. Forensic experts were engaged to assess the breach, determine its scope, and address vulnerabilities.

Company’s Response and Support

General Dynamics emphasized that the breach was isolated to the third-party login portal and did not compromise its internal systems. In a report to the Maine Attorney General’s Office, the company stated, “Available evidence indicates that the unauthorized access occurred through the third party and not directly through any GD business units.”

To assist affected individuals, General Dynamics is offering two years of free credit monitoring services. Impacted employees were advised to:

  • Reset login credentials and avoid reusing old passwords.
  • Monitor bank and benefits accounts for suspicious activity.
  • Follow provided guidelines to safeguard personal information.

For additional support, the company provided resources and contacts to address employee concerns.

Previous Cybersecurity Incidents

This is not the first cybersecurity challenge faced by General Dynamics. In June 2024, its Spanish subsidiary, Santa Barbara Systems, was targeted by a pro-Russian hacker group in a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. While the incident caused temporary website disruption, no sensitive data was compromised.

Earlier, in March 2020, a ransomware attack on Visser Precision, a General Dynamics subcontractor, exposed sensitive data through the DoppelPaymer ransomware group. Although General Dynamics’ internal systems were not directly impacted, the incident highlighted vulnerabilities in supply chain cybersecurity.

These recurring incidents highlight the persistent threats faced by defense companies and underscore the critical need for robust cybersecurity measures to protect sensitive data. General Dynamics’ swift response and ongoing vigilance demonstrate its commitment to addressing cybersecurity challenges and safeguarding its employees and systems.

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SharePoint
Credential Theft Cyber Fraud Cyber Threats Microsoft 365 login Microsoft visio Phishing Attack Phishing Campaigns SharePoint

New Two-Step Phishing Attack Exploits Microsoft Visio and SharePoint

 

A novel two-step phishing strategy is targeting Microsoft Visio files (.vsdx) and SharePoint, signaling a new trend in cyber deception, according to experts. Researchers at Perception Point have noted a significant rise in attacks leveraging these previously uncommon .vsdx files.

These files act as delivery tools, directing victims to phishing pages that replicate Microsoft 365 login portals, aiming to steal user credentials.

The two-step phishing attacks employ layered techniques to evade detection. Rather than delivering harmful content directly, these campaigns use trusted platforms like Microsoft SharePoint to host files that appear legitimate. Attackers embed URLs within Visio files, which redirect victims to malicious websites when clicked, bypassing traditional email security systems.

Microsoft Visio, a popular tool for professional diagram creation, has now become a phishing vector. Cybercriminals send emails with Visio files from compromised accounts, often mimicking urgent business communications such as proposals or purchase orders. This tactic encourages recipients to act quickly, increasing the likelihood of success.

Since the emails come from stolen accounts, they often pass authentication checks and evade recipient security filters. In some cases, attackers include .eml files within the emails, embedding additional malicious URLs linked to SharePoint-hosted files.

The Visio files typically contain a clickable button labeled "View Document." Victims are instructed to press the Ctrl key while clicking the button to access the malicious URL. This step, requiring manual interaction, bypasses automated security systems that cannot simulate such behaviors.

Perception Point advises organizations to strengthen their defenses against sophisticated phishing campaigns by adopting advanced threat detection solutions. Suggested measures include:

  • Dynamic URL analysis to identify harmful links.
  • Object detection models to flag suspicious files.
  • Enhanced authentication mechanisms to reduce the impact of compromised accounts.
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Windows Vulnerability
corporate network breach CRON#TRAP cybersecurity threat Linux VM backdoor malware Phishing Attack QEMU ransomware tactics stealth malware virtual machine attacks Windows Vulnerability

New Phishing Attacks Use Backdoored Linux VMs to Infect Windows Systems

 

A recent phishing campaign, named 'CRON#TRAP,' is targeting Windows systems by deploying a Linux virtual machine with an embedded backdoor, allowing covert access to corporate networks.

While attackers have previously used virtual machines in malicious activities like ransomware and cryptomining, these installations were often done manually after gaining initial access. However, Securonix researchers identified that this new campaign automates the installation of a Linux VM through phishing emails, giving attackers a persistent foothold in corporate environments.

The phishing emails mimic a "OneAmerica survey," including a 285MB ZIP file that sets up a Linux virtual machine with a backdoor once opened. The ZIP archive contains a Windows shortcut labeled "OneAmerica Survey.lnk" and a folder named "data," which houses the QEMU application disguised as "fontdiag.exe."

When executed, the shortcut triggers a PowerShell command, extracting files to the "%UserProfile%\datax" directory and launching "start.bat" to set up a QEMU Linux VM. During installation, a fake server error message in a PNG format is displayed as a decoy, suggesting a broken survey link. This custom VM, called 'PivotBox,' includes a preconfigured backdoor for continuous command-and-control (C2) communication, enabling covert background operations.

The use of QEMU—a legitimate, digitally signed virtualization tool—means Windows security systems often fail to detect these malicious processes within the virtual environment.

The campaign’s backdoor mechanism uses a tool called Chisel for secure tunneling over HTTP and SSH, allowing attackers to maintain contact with the compromised system, even if firewalls are in place. To ensure persistence, the QEMU VM is set to restart on reboot, while SSH keys are uploaded to eliminate re-authentication requirements.

Securonix researchers noted two critical commands: 'get-host-shell,' which opens an interactive shell on the host for command execution, and 'get-host-user,' which checks user privileges. These commands facilitate activities like surveillance, network management, payload deployment, file control, and data exfiltration, enabling attackers to adapt and maximize their impact on target systems.

The CRON#TRAP campaign is not the first instance of QEMU misuse in stealthy attacks. In March 2024, Kaspersky observed a similar tactic, where a lightweight backdoor within a 1MB Kali Linux VM used QEMU to create hidden network interfaces and connect to a remote server.

To mitigate these types of attacks, experts recommend monitoring for processes like 'qemu.exe' in user-accessible folders, blocking QEMU and similar virtualization tools, and disabling virtualization in critical systems’ BIOS configurations.
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Phishing Attack
Bitcoin Cyber Attacks data security Email Phishing Email scam FTC Phishing Attack

Protect Yourself from Phishing Scams Involving Personal Data and Bitcoin Demands

 

A new phishing scam is emerging, where hackers send threatening emails to people with personal details like images of their homes and addresses. This scam tricks recipients into believing their privacy is compromised, urging them to pay money or Bitcoin to avoid exposure. According to cyber expert Al Iverson, scammers often use public sources like Google Maps and data from previous breaches to craft these threatening messages. He recommends confirming any images on Google Maps and checking email legitimacy to ensure the message isn’t a scam. 

One victim, Jamie Beckland, shared his experience, revealing that the scammers falsely claimed to have video evidence from spyware on his computer. Beckland, like others, was targeted with demands for Bitcoin in exchange for silence. Fortunately, by cross-referencing the address and photo in the email with Google Maps, he realized the threat wasn’t credible. To avoid falling for such scams, it’s critical to scrutinize email addresses and domains. Iverson advises checking SPF, DKIM, and DMARC results, which help verify the sender’s legitimacy. Scammers often spoof email addresses, making them appear familiar, but most don’t actually have access to sensitive data—they’re simply trying to scare people into paying. 

Zarik Megerdichian, founder of Loop8, strongly warns against clicking any unfamiliar links in these emails, especially those related to payments. Bitcoin and similar transactions are irreversible, making it crucial to avoid engaging with scammers. If you suspect financial information is at risk, Megerdichian advises reporting the incident to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and closely monitoring your accounts. Yashin Manraj, CEO of Pvotal Technologies, recommends changing passwords immediately if you suspect your data has been compromised. Moving sensitive accounts to a new email address can provide added protection. He also suggests notifying local authorities like the FBI, while ensuring that family members are informed of the scam to prevent further risks. 

Lastly, Manraj emphasizes that you should never engage with scammers. Responding to emails only increases your vulnerability, adding your information to target databases. To further protect yourself, isolating your home network, using a VPN, and avoiding public forums for help are essential steps in safeguarding your information from potential future attacks. These phishing scams, though threatening, rely on fear and manipulation. By taking steps to verify email legitimacy, securing your accounts, and staying cautious, you can avoid falling victim to these tactics.
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Snake Keylogger
CVE-2017-0199 Data Breach Email Phishing Attack Sensitive Information Snake Keylogger

New Version of Snake Keylogger Targets Victims Through Phishing Emails


Researchers at Fortinet's FortiGuard Labs have uncovered a newly evolved variant of the Snake Keylogger, a type of malicious software notorious for capturing and recording everything a user types. Keyloggers are often used by cybercriminals to steal personal information, such as passwords, credit card numbers, and other sensitive data. This new variant of Snake Keylogger, also known as “404 Keylogger” or “KrakenKeylogger,” is being distributed through phishing campaigns and has been upgraded to exploit specific vulnerabilities, making it even more dangerous.

The attack is initiated by a deceptive phishing email that pretends to be a notification about a financial transaction. FortiGuard Labs’ security systems identified the email, which was flagged with the subject line “[virus detected],” and it contains an attached Excel file named “swift copy.xls.” Although the file may appear harmless, opening it sets off a chain reaction that ultimately leads to the installation of the Snake Keylogger on the recipient's computer.

The Excel file attached to the phishing email is no ordinary spreadsheet—it has been specially crafted to take advantage of a known security vulnerability, CVE-2017-0199. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute code remotely by embedding a malicious link within the file. When the victim opens the document, this hidden link discreetly connects to a remote server, which then delivers a secondary malicious file in the form of an HTA (HTML Application) file. This file, containing obfuscated JavaScript, is executed automatically by the Windows operating system, setting the stage for further malicious actions.

The HTA file is programmed to run a VBScript that initiates the download and execution of a final payload—a malicious executable named “sahost.exe”—from a remote server. This payload, known as the Loader module, is designed with multiple layers of encryption and obfuscation, making it difficult for antivirus software to detect or analyse. Once executed, the Loader module unpacks additional encrypted components, including the main module of the Snake Keylogger, which is hidden within an encrypted Bitmap resource.

The Loader module not only delivers the Snake Keylogger but also ensures that it remains undetected and continues operating on the infected system. It accomplishes this by decrypting and loading several key components into the computer's memory, where they can execute without being noticed. Among these components is a critical module called “Tyrone.dll,” which plays a crucial role in the keylogger’s ability to persist on the victim's system. This persistence is maintained through a scheduled task that launches the keylogger whenever the computer is started.

Once installed, the Snake Keylogger operates stealthily, capturing everything the user types and taking screenshots of their activities. It targets a wide range of applications, including web browsers, email clients, and messaging software, and is capable of extracting saved credentials and other sensitive information from these programs. To avoid detection, the keylogger uses a technique called process hollowing, which involves injecting malicious code into a legitimate process, allowing it to operate without raising alarms.

One of the most concerning features of this keylogger is its ability to send the stolen data directly to the attacker via email. The keylogger uses SMTP to transmit the victim’s credentials and other sensitive information in real-time, enabling the attacker to quickly exploit the data or commit financial theft. Additionally, FortiGuard Labs discovered that this variant of Snake Keylogger employs sophisticated anti-analysis techniques. For example, it can detect if it is being run in a security research environment, in which case it refrains from sending the stolen data, making it harder for researchers to analyse the malware.

To protect against these types of threats, FortiGuard Labs advises caution when it comes to emails from unknown sources, especially those with attachments. It's imperative to keep all software up-to-date and utilise robust security solutions to prevent such attacks. By staying informed and vigilant, individuals and organizations can better protect themselves from this and other emerging cyber threats.




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T-Mobile
Cyber Attacks Malicious Link Mobile scam Mobile Security Phishing Attack Scams T-Mobile

T-Mobile Customers Alarmed by Unfamiliar Support Links, But They Are Legitimate

 

T-Mobile customers have recently raised concerns after receiving unusual-looking links from the company’s support channels, leading to fears of potential phishing scams. However, investigations have confirmed that these links are legitimate, though their appearance and unfamiliar origin have caused some confusion. The Mobile Report has revealed that T-Mobile’s support teams, including T-Force, the social media support team, are now utilizing a third-party service called Khoros to manage secure forms for customers. This change has led to the use of links with unfamiliar domain names, which naturally appear suspicious to users. 

For instance, one customer was directed to a “Handset Upgrade Form” through a link that, at first glance, seemed questionable. T-Mobile employees have assured The Mobile Report that these links are indeed authentic and part of a new procedure aimed at handling sensitive customer information more securely. In the past, T-Mobile hosted similar forms directly on its own servers using a T-Mobile domain, which customers were familiar with. The shift to an external platform, particularly one that customers do not recognize, has understandably caused some concern and confusion among users. 

Adding to the unease is the fact that Khoros, the company now hosting these forms, describes itself as a platform that uses AI and automation to analyze large amounts of data. While this approach is standard for many data-driven companies, it raises questions about the potential risks involved in sharing sensitive information with third-party services, especially when customers are not fully informed about the transition. Despite the legitimacy of these links in this instance, it is always wise for customers to exercise caution when dealing with unfamiliar links, even if they appear to originate from a trusted source. Phishing scams often rely on the use of seemingly legitimate links to deceive users into disclosing sensitive information. 

As a precaution, customers are advised to contact T-Mobile directly through official channels to verify the authenticity of any communication they receive, particularly when it involves providing personal or financial information. While T-Mobile’s new process using Khoros is legitimate, the lack of clear communication regarding the change has led to understandable concerns among customers. As always, caution and verification remain key to ensuring online safety, particularly when dealing with unexpected or unfamiliar links.
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Stolen Data
Dark Web Data Breach data stealing Information Leak Phishing Attack PII Stolen Data

Massive Data Breach Exposes Personal Information of 2.9 Billion People Worldwide

 

No matter how cautious you are online, your personal data can still be vulnerable, as demonstrated by a recent data breach that exposed the information of 2.9 billion people. This alarming incident was brought to light as part of a class action lawsuit filed earlier this month. The lawsuit, submitted to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, claims that the personal data, including full names, addresses, and Social Security Numbers, was compromised by a public records data provider named National Public Data, a company specializing in background checks and fraud prevention.  

The stolen data, which includes detailed personal information dating back 30 years, was taken by a cybercriminal group known as USDoD. According to the complaint, these hackers attempted to sell the vast collection of data on the dark web for $3.5 million. Given the enormous number of people affected, it is likely that the data includes individuals not only from the U.S. but from other countries as well. National Public Data allegedly obtained this massive amount of personal information through a process known as scraping, a technique used to collect data from websites and other online sources. The troubling aspect of this case is that the company reportedly scraped personally identifiable information (PII) from non-public sources, meaning many of the individuals affected did not voluntarily provide their data to the company. 

One of the plaintiffs, a California resident, became aware of the breach after receiving a notification from an identity theft protection service that his information had been leaked on the dark web. As part of the lawsuit, this plaintiff is seeking a court order for National Public Data to securely dispose of all the personal information it acquired through scraping. Additionally, the plaintiff is asking for financial compensation for himself and other victims, along with the implementation of stricter security measures by the company. In the wake of such a breach, the exposed data could be used by hackers to commit various forms of identity theft and fraud. While National Public Data has yet to issue a formal statement, it is likely that the company will be required to notify affected individuals of the breach. These notifications are expected to arrive by mail, so it is important to monitor your mailbox closely. 

Typically, companies responsible for data breaches offer affected individuals free identity theft protection or credit monitoring for a period of time. Until such services are offered, it is crucial to be vigilant in checking your emails and messages, as hackers may use the stolen data to conduct phishing attacks. Additionally, carefully monitoring your bank and financial accounts for any signs of unauthorized activity is recommended. 

This breach, which is nearly as significant as the 2013 Yahoo! breach that exposed the data of 3 billion people, is likely to have far-reaching consequences. Tom’s Guide has reached out to National Public Data for further information and will provide updates as the situation develops.
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User Data
Automotive Industry CNIL Cyber Attacks Data Compromise data security Email Account Compromise Phishing Attack User Data

FIA Confirms Cyberattack Compromising Email Accounts

 

The Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA), the governing body overseeing Formula 1 and other major motorsports worldwide, recently disclosed a significant cyberattack. This breach resulted from phishing attacks that compromised personal data within two FIA email accounts, exposing vulnerabilities in the organization’s cybersecurity measures. 

In a brief statement, the FIA confirmed the incidents, detailing that swift action was taken to cut off unauthorized access and mitigate the issue. The organization promptly reported the breach to the French and Swiss data protection regulators, the Commission Nationale de l’Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL) and the Préposé Fédéral à la Protection des Données et à la Transparence, respectively. 

However, the FIA did not disclose specific details regarding the nature of the stolen data, the number of affected individuals, or the identity of the attackers. It also remains unclear whether the hackers demanded any ransom for the compromised data. The FIA, when approached for further information, clarified that these incidents were part of a broader phishing campaign targeting the motorsport sector, rather than a direct and targeted attack on the FIA’s systems. Founded in 1904 in Paris, France, the FIA plays a crucial role in governing numerous prestigious auto racing events, including Formula One, the World Rally Championship, the World Endurance Championship, and Formula E. 

In addition to its sports governance role, the FIA is also an advocate for road safety and sustainable mobility through various programs and campaigns. The organization boasts 242 member organizations across 147 countries, emphasizing its global influence and reach. This incident underscores the persistent cybersecurity threats that organizations face globally. Phishing attacks, in particular, remain a significant threat, as they exploit human vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information. The FIA’s prompt response to this breach demonstrates its commitment to protecting personal data and maintaining the integrity of its operations. 

However, the incident also highlights the need for ongoing vigilance and robust cybersecurity measures. Cybersecurity experts emphasize the importance of comprehensive security protocols, including regular employee training to recognize and respond to phishing attempts. Organizations must also implement advanced security technologies, such as multi-factor authentication and encryption, to safeguard their digital assets. The evolving nature of cyber threats necessitates a proactive approach to cybersecurity, ensuring that organizations remain resilient against potential attacks. As cyber threats continue to evolve, the FIA and other organizations must remain vigilant and proactive in their cybersecurity efforts. 

The lessons learned from this incident will undoubtedly inform future strategies to protect sensitive information and maintain the trust of stakeholders. The FIA’s experience serves as a reminder of the critical importance of cybersecurity in today’s interconnected digital landscape.
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Sensitive Information
Cloud Cyber Attacks fake websites Financial Scam Financial Theft Gift Card Hacking Microsoft Moroccan Cybercrime Phishing Attack Sensitive Information

Moroccan Cybercrime Group Storm-0539 Exploits Gift Card Systems with Advanced Phishing Attacks

 

A Morocco-based cybercrime group, Storm-0539, is making headlines for its sophisticated email and SMS phishing attacks aimed at stealing and reselling gift cards. Microsoft's latest Cyber Signals report reveals that this group is responsible for significant financial theft, with some companies losing up to $100,000 daily. 

First identified by Microsoft in December 2023, Storm-0539, also known as Atlas Lion, has been active since late 2021. The group employs social engineering techniques to harvest victims' credentials through adversary-in-the-middle (AitM) phishing pages. They exploit this access to register their own devices, bypass authentication, and maintain persistent access to create fraudulent gift cards. 

The group's attack strategy includes gaining covert access to cloud environments for extensive reconnaissance, targeting large retailers, luxury brands, and fast-food chains. They aim to redeem and sell gift cards on black markets or use money mules to cash out. This marks an evolution from their previous tactics of stealing payment card data via malware on point-of-sale (PoS) devices. 

Microsoft noted a 30% increase in Storm-0539's activities between March and May 2024, emphasizing their deep understanding of cloud systems to manipulate gift card issuance processes. In addition to stealing login credentials, Storm-0539 targets secure shell (SSH) passwords and keys, which are either sold or used for further attacks. The group uses internal company mailing lists to send phishing emails, enhancing their credibility and sets up new phishing websites by exploiting free trial or student accounts on cloud platforms. 

The FBI has warned about Storm-0539's smishing attacks on retail gift card departments, using sophisticated phishing kits to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA). The group's ability to adapt and pivot tactics after detection underscores their persistence and resourcefulness. Microsoft urges companies to monitor gift card portals closely and implement conditional access policies to strengthen security. They highlight the effectiveness of using additional identity-driven signals, such as IP address and device status, alongside MFA. 

Meanwhile, Enea researchers have identified broader criminal campaigns exploiting cloud storage services like Amazon S3 and Google Cloud Storage for SMS-based gift card scams. These scams use legitimate-looking URLs to bypass firewalls and redirect users to malicious websites that steal sensitive information. 

Storm-0539's operations exemplify the increasing sophistication of financially motivated cybercriminals, borrowing techniques from state-sponsored actors to remain undetected. As these threats evolve, robust cybersecurity measures and vigilant monitoring are crucial to protect sensitive information and financial assets.
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Phishing Attack
Cyber Attacks Cyber Hacking DNS Investment Scam Phishing Attack

Savvy Seahorse: The DNS-based Traffic Distribution System Undermining Cybersecurity

 

In the vast landscape of cyber threats, a new player named Savvy Seahorse has emerged, showcasing a distinctive modus operandi that sets it apart from its counterparts. While the investment scam it orchestrates is unfortunately commonplace, it's the intricate infrastructure supporting it that demands attention. 

Savvy Seahorse employs a sophisticated Traffic Distribution System (TDS), capitalizing on the Domain Name System (DNS) to perpetually alter its malicious domains, making takedowns a formidable challenge. This TDS, as detailed in a recent report by Infoblox, leverages Canonical Name (CNAME) records to maintain a fluid network of thousands of diverse domains. 

Traditionally associated with HTTP-based TDS networks, the use of DNS in this context is a novel approach that poses unique challenges for cybersecurity professionals. Renée Burton, Head of Threat Intelligence at Infoblox, emphasizes that DNS-based TDSs are often overlooked, with a prevailing focus on HTTP-based systems. 

However, Savvy Seahorse has been operational since at least August 2021, operating in the shadows and evading conventional detection methods. The key to Savvy Seahorse's success lies in its exploitation of CNAME records. In the DNS realm, CNAME allows multiple domains to map to a single base (canonical) domain. This seemingly innocuous feature is manipulated by Savvy Seahorse to rapidly scale and relocate its operations. 

When one phishing site is shut down, the threat actor effortlessly shifts to a new one, relying on CNAME as a map to mirror sites. CNAME not only applies to domains but extends to IP addresses. In the event of a hosting infrastructure shutdown, Savvy Seahorse can swiftly redirect its CNAME to a different address, ensuring resilience and evading detection. 

The attacker's ability to advertise any subdomain for a brief period further complicates tracking and takedown efforts. Crucially, CNAME serves as both Savvy Seahorse's strength and vulnerability. While the threat actor has cunningly utilized 30 domain registrars and 21 ISPs to host 4,200 domains, they all trace back to a single base domain: b36cname[.]site. This centralized link becomes Savvy Seahorse's Achilles' heel, presenting a unique opportunity for defenders. 

From a threat intelligence perspective, countering Savvy Seahorse involves a relatively straightforward approach – blocking the one base domain to which the CNAME points. Renée Burton notes that despite the existence of thousands of malicious domains, there's only one malicious CNAME. This single point of failure provides defenders with a potent strategy, allowing them to neutralize the entire threat with one decisive action. 
 
While attackers theoretically have the option to build malicious networks using multiple CNAMEs, Burton highlights a trend among cybercriminals to aggregate towards a smaller set of CNAMEs. This strategic choice, possibly driven by a desire to avoid detection, simplifies the task for defenders, who can focus efforts on a limited number of CNAMEs associated with the threat. 

Savvy Seahorse's exploitation of DNS-based TDS with CNAME records presents a new frontier in cyber threats. The intricate dance between attackers and defenders highlights the importance of understanding and adapting to evolving tactics. As defenders fortify their strategies, the hope is to stay one step ahead of sophisticated threat actors like Savvy Seahorse, ensuring a safer digital landscape for individuals and organizations alike.
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QR code
Bank Hacking cyber attack Cyber Security malware Phishing Attack Privacy QR code

Here's How To Steer Clear Of QR Code Hacking

 



QR codes, present for years and widely embraced during COVID-19, offer great benefits. Yet, cybercriminals exploit them, creating malicious QR codes to unlawfully access your personal and financial data. These tampered codes pose a threat, potentially leading to unauthorised access, financial loss, and malware on your smartphone. 

Used extensively for contactless payments, paperless menus, and quick information access, QR codes are embedded in modern phone systems. Scanning a code takes seconds, but the ease of tampering has led to a surge in QR phishing attacks. Stay vigilant against potential threats when using QR codes to protect your digital safety. 

Let's see how it works 

QR code hacking is surprisingly uncomplicated, thanks to the abundance of generator tools available. In just a couple of minutes, scammers can create fake QR codes that mimic authentic ones found in public spaces. The challenge lies in the fact that the human eye struggles to distinguish between a genuine and a malicious QR code. Exploiting this, scammers trick users into scanning their fraudulent codes, leading them to malicious websites. 

Once a user scans the tampered QR code, the potential for harm escalates. Cybercriminals often replace legitimate QR codes in public areas, like cafes or parking lots, with their malicious counterparts. The ultimate goal is to gain access to personal information, and financial details, or even compromise the security of the user's device. These deceptive QR codes might redirect users to payment sites, unauthorised social media profiles, or initiate actions such as sending emails without consent, all of which can result in the theft of login credentials and damage to one's reputation. Staying alert and recognizing warning signs before interacting with unfamiliar QR codes is crucial to avoid falling victim to these scams. 

Let's explore practical measures to strengthen our protective measures. 

 1. Public Vigilance: 

Stay alert in public spaces, refraining from scanning QR codes where tampering is more likely. Be watchful for deceptive stickers replacing genuine codes. 

 2. URL Scrutiny: 

Before proceeding, meticulously inspect the URL revealed by the QR code. Shortened URLs should trigger heightened caution, prompting a thorough review. 

 3. Language Alerts: 

Keep an eye out for grammatical errors and poor English when interacting with QR codes. Scammers often neglect language quality on fraudulent websites. 

 4. Package Precaution: 

Exercise caution when scanning QR codes on unexpected packages. Confirm orders through official channels to avoid potential scams. 

 5. Crypto-Smart Practices: 

Approach QR codes linked to cryptocurrency transactions with scepticism. Verify such communications through official channels to safeguard personal information. 

 6. App Awareness: 

Say no to downloading apps from QR codes, particularly if not from official stores. Stick to Google Play or the App Store to ensure app legitimacy and preserve your device's security. 


 Stay Alert to the Surge in QR Code Scams

As QR code scams proliferate, be on high alert for potential threats. If you fall victim to one of these hacks, take immediate action. Change your account passwords, notify your bank of the incident, and bolster your security with two-factor authentication (2FA) for crucial services like Google and Microsoft. Safeguard your sensitive information by utilising a reliable password manager to deter prying eyes.

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Phishing Attack
2FA bypass backup codes theft Cyber Fraud Instagram security online account protection Phishing Attack

Phishing Campaign Targets Instagram Users, Steals Backup Codes and Circumvent 2FA Protection

 

A recent phishing scheme has emerged, posing as a 'copyright infringement' email to deceive Instagram users and pilfer their backup codes. These codes, integral for the recovery of accounts, are used to circumvent the two-factor authentication safeguarding users' accounts.

Two-factor authentication is a security layer demanding an extra form of verification during login. This commonly involves one-time passcodes sent via SMS, codes from authentication apps, or hardware security keys. Employing 2FA is crucial in shielding accounts in the event of compromised credentials, requiring a threat actor to access the user's mobile device or email to gain entry.

Instagram, when enabling 2FA, provides eight-digit backup codes as a fail-safe for scenarios like changing phone numbers, losing a device, or email access. However, these backup codes pose a risk if obtained by malicious actors, enabling them to seize Instagram accounts using unauthorized devices by exploiting the user's credentials, acquired through phishing or unrelated data breaches.

The phishing tactic involves sending messages alleging copyright infringement, claiming the user violated intellectual property laws, resulting in account restrictions. Users are then prompted to click a button to appeal, leading them to phishing pages where they unwittingly provide account credentials and other information.

Trustwave analysts discovered the latest iteration of this attack, where phishing emails mimic Meta, Instagram's parent company. The deceptive email warns users of copyright infringement complaints and urges them to fill out an appeal form to address the issue. Clicking on the provided button redirects the victim to a fake Meta violations portal, where they are prompted to click another button, purportedly for confirming their account.

This second click redirects to another phishing page resembling Meta's "Appeal Center" portal, prompting victims to input their username and password twice. After acquiring these details, the phishing site requests confirmation of 2FA protection and, upon affirmation, demands the 8-digit backup code.

Despite identifiable signs of fraud, such as misleading sender addresses and URLs, the convincing design and urgency of the phishing pages could still deceive a significant number of targets into divulging their account credentials and backup codes.

The importance of safeguarding backup codes is emphasized, with users advised to treat them with the same level of confidentiality as passwords. It is emphasized that there is never a legitimate reason to enter backup codes anywhere other than the official Instagram website or app, as a precaution against falling victim to such phishing campaigns.
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Phishing emails
Banks Cyber Security Data Breaches Phishing Attack Phishing Education Phishing emails

Tips for Banks to Prevent Data Breaches Through Phishing Education


Despite the roaring advancement in the field of technology, phishing remains one of the most common cybersecurity hazards. According to recent studies, phishing losses in the US alone were $52 million.

The lack of proper awareness in regards to cybersecurity could be one of the reasons why phishing attacks are escalating at a concerning rate. While many finance institutions are aware of the importance to cybersecurity, they fail to educate their employees of the same. 

Here, we are mentioning some ideas which might help banks to thwart phishing efforts and safeguard the information of their customers and employees:

Focus on Behavioral Change

The majority of banks use a similar approach for their cybersecurity training programs: they put all of their non-technical staff in a room, have their security team show a lecture with a few slides showing breach numbers, and attempt to scared them into acting accordingly.

It goes without saying that this strategy is ineffective. It is time for banks to start seeing their staff as a bulwark against phishing attempts rather than as a risk.

One way to do this is for banks to change their employees’ behaviors under stress, rather than threatening them by making them aware of the stressful situations. For example, instead of showing them the malicious emails, they must be educated on the right measure they must follow to identify such emails. 

A bank can also do this by running simulations of the situations, where an employee will be free to make mistakes and learn from those mistakes. This way, an employee can as well make judgements on their actions and even receive instant feedbacks in a safe environment. By doing so, an actual breach will not be the only time the employee is dealing with a feedback. 

Employees can view learning paths and review progress on simulation platforms. The skills of a technological employee will differ greatly from those of a non-technical person. The way forward is to provide positive feedback throughout and to customize learning routes.

Install Security as a Founding Principle

For most banks, the importance of security is communicated with a negative attitude. They draw attention to the possibility of a breach, the harm to the bank's reputation, and the possible consequences for an employee's career should they fall prey to phishing scams.

When a worker receives a phony email from someone posing as their manager, these intimidation techniques are ineffective. Because they trust the manager's persona, employees are unlikely to refuse a request from that organization. Rather, banks ought to embrace a proactive stance and integrate security into their overall brand.

For example, inducing fear among the employees into not clicking the malicious links, banks should instead introduce policies when an employee could quickly determine whether an email is a phishing attempt, rather than attempting to scare them into not clicking on harmful links. Giving them access to an automated tool or having a security guard on duty are excellent choices.

Policies like shredding and discarding important documents in secure bins to cybersecurity practices is essential. Employees must be reminded that the work they do is in fact critical and their actions do matter.

Set Communication Templates

Bank personnel utilize emails, which are rich in data, to communicate with a variety of stakeholders. This is used by malicious actors, who impersonate a different individual and deceive workers into downloading malware.

Informing staff members of appropriate communication styles and methods is one way to avoid situations like this one. Establishing a communication template, for example, will enable staff members to quickly spot emails that depart from the standard.

External actors are unlikely to be familiar with internal communications templates, thus they will likely send emails in a manner that is easily recognized by staff as being out of compliance. Although putting in place such a procedure may sound oppressive, it is the most effective technique to assist staff in overcoming the appearance of a false identity.

For instance, the majority of staff members will click on an email from the bank's CEO right away. They will overlook the fact that the email was sent by the CEO persona, though, if they see that the communication format is incorrect. With their minds thus occupied, kids are less likely to click on a link that could be harmful.

These templates are ingrained in the company's culture, and how banks convey their significance will determine a lot. Once more, a fear-based strategy rarely succeeds. Banks need to consider effective ways to enforce them.  

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Phishing Attack
Cyber Fraud Data Leak Google Ads Malvertising Phishing Attack

Hackers are Using Fake PC News Website to Distribute Infostealers

 

Researchers made an effort to warn users last year not to click on Google Ads in search results, but it appears those warnings went unheeded, as hackers continue to use malicious ads to infect unsuspecting users with malware. 

Malvertising, or malicious advertising, has grown in popularity among cybercriminals as phishing attacks and malicious apps have become less effective. Instead, hackers are now purchasing advertising space on Google Search and other search engines in order to trick users into installing malware. 

One way they do this is by imitating well-known brands. So far, we've seen hackers pose as Amazon, USPS, CCleaner, Notepad++, and other prominent brands. According to a report from the email security firm Vade, Facebook and Microsoft continue to be the most impersonated brands since 2020. 

Unsuspecting PC users who click on an advertisement in this new campaign are led to a fake download portal that looks authentic to the unwary eye. Instead of CPU-Z, though, the website offers a digitally signed MSIX installer that includes a malicious PowerShell script for the FakeBat loader. 

Malware loaders, as their name implies, are similar to malware droppers on your smartphone in that they are used to infect your computer with malicious software. This loader downloads and installs the Redline stealer onto a targeted PC. The personal information of a victim can be acquired through this malware via the theft of credit card numbers, VPN passwords, saved passwords, system data, cryptocurrency wallets, browser histories, and cookies. 

Another intriguing aspect of this campaign is that not every user who clicks on these malicious CPU-Z advertisements is redirected to a fake download page. Those who aren't being targeted are instead directed to what looks to be a typical blog with several articles on it.
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Phishing Attack
African Union Commission Artificial Intelligence AUC Cyber Crime Deep Fakes Impersonation Attack Phishing Attack

Impersonation Attack: Cybercriminals Impersonates AUC Head Using AI


Online fraudsters, in another shocking case, have used AI technology to pose as Moussa Faki Mahamat, the chairman of the African Union Commission. This bold cybercrime revealed gaps in the African Union (AU) leadership's communication channels as imposters successfully mimicked Faki's voice, held video conferences with European leaders, and even set up meetings under false pretence.

About the African Union Commission and its Leadership

The African Union Commission (AUC) is an executive and administrative body, functioning as the secretariat of the African Union (AU). It plays a crucial role in coordinating AU operations and communicating with foreign partners, much like the European Commission does inside the European Union. 

The chairperson of the AUC, Moussa Faki Mahamat, often holds formal meetings with global leaders through a “note verbal.” The AU leadership regularly schedules meetings with representatives of other nations or international organizations using these diplomatic notes.

However, now the routine meetings are unfortunately disrupted due the cybercrime activities revolving around AI. The cybercriminals apparently successfully impersonated Mahamat, conducting meetings under his guise. The imitation, which went so far as to mimic Faki's voice, alarmed leaders in Europe and the AUC.

About the Impersonation Attack

The cybercriminal further copied the email addresses, disguised as AUC’s deputy chief of staff of the AUC in order to set up phone conversations between Faki and foreign leaders. They even went to several European leaders' meetings, using deepfake video editing to pass for Faki.

After realizing the issue, the AUC reported these incidents, confirming that it would communicate with foreign governments through legitimate diplomatic channels, usually through their embassies in Addis Ababa, the home of the AU headquarters.

The AUC has categorized these fraudulent emails as “phishing,” suggesting that the threat actors may have attempted to acquire digital identities for illicit access to critical data. 

Digitalization and Cybersecurity Challenges in Africa

While Africa’s digital economy has had a positive impact on its overall economy, with an estimate of USD 180 billion by 2025, the rapid development in digitalization has also contributed to an increase in cyber threats. According to estimates posted on the Investment Monitor website, cybercrime alone might cost the continent up to USD 4 billion annually.

While the AUC have expressed regrets over the event of a deepfake of the identity of Moussa Faki Mahamat, the organization did not provide any further details of the investigation involved or the identity of the criminals. Neither did the AUC mention any future plans to improve their cyber landscape in regard to deepfake attacks.

The incident has further highlighted the significance of more robust cybersecurity measures and careful channel monitoring for government and international organizations.

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WormGPT
AI Chatbots Artificial Intelligence Black market AI chatbots ChatGPT CyberCrime Evil AI models LLM notorious AI versions OpenAI Phishing Attack Technology WormGPT

Inside the Realm of Black Market AI Chatbots


With AI tools helping organizations and online users in a tremendously proficient way, there are obvious dark-sides of this trending technology. One of them being the notorious versions of AI bots.

A user may as well gain access to one such ‘evil’ version of OpenAI’s ChatGPT. While these AI versions may not necessarily by legal in some parts of the world, it could be pricey. 

Gaining Access to Black Market AI Chatbots

Gaining access to the evil chatbot versions could be tricky. To do so, a user must find the right web forum with the right users. To be sure, these users might have posted the marketed a private and powerful large language model (LLM). One can get in touch with these users in encrypted messaging services like Telegram, where they might ask for a few hundred crypto dollars for an LLM. 

After gaining the access, users can now do anything, especially the ones that are prohibited in ChatGPT and Google’s Bard, like having conversation with the AI on how to make pipe bombs or cook meth, engaging in discussions about any illegal or morally questionable subject under the sun, or even using it to finance phishing schemes and other cybercrimes.

“We’ve got folks who are building LLMs that are designed to write more convincing phishing email scams or allowing them to code new types of malware because they’re trained off of the code from previously available malware[…]Both of these things make the attacks more potent, because they’re trained off of the knowledge of the attacks that came before them,” says Dominic Sellitto, a cybersecurity and digital privacy researcher at the University of Buffalo.

These models are becoming more prevalent, strong, and challenging to regulate. They also herald the opening of a new front in the war on cybercrime, one that cuts far beyond text generators like ChatGPT and into the domains of audio, video, and graphics. 

“We’re blurring the boundaries in many ways between what is artificially generated and what isn’t[…]“The same goes for the written text, and the same goes for images and everything in between,” explained Sellitto.

Phishing for Trouble

Phishing emails, which demand that a user provide their financial information immediately to the Social Security Administration or their bank in order to resolve a fictitious crisis, cost American consumers close to $8.8 billion annually. The emails may contain seemingly innocuous links that actually download malware or viruses, allowing hackers to take advantage of any sensitive data directly from the victim's computer.

Fortunately, these phishing mails are quite easy to detect. In case they have not yet found their way to a user’s spam folder, one can easily identify them on the basis of their language, which may be informal and grammatically incorrect wordings that any legit financial firm would never use. 

However, with ChatGPT, it is becoming difficult to spot any error in the phishing mails, bringing about a veritable AI generative boom. 

“The technology hasn’t always been available on digital black markets[…]It primarily started when ChatGPT became mainstream. There were some basic text generation tools that might have used machine learning but nothing impressive,” Daniel Kelley, a former black hat computer hacker and cybersecurity consultant explains.

According to Kelley, these LLMs come in a variety of forms, including BlackHatGPT, WolfGPT, and EvilGPT. He claimed that many of these models, despite their nefarious names, are actually just instances of AI jailbreaks, a word used to describe the deft manipulation of already-existing LLMs such as ChatGPT to achieve desired results. Subsequently, these models are encapsulated within a customized user interface, creating the impression that ChatGPT is an entirely distinct chatbot.

However, this does not make AI models any less harmful. In fact, Kelley believes that one particular model is both one of the most evil and genuine ones: According to one description of WormGPT on a forum promoting the model, it is an LLM made especially for cybercrime that "lets you do all sorts of illegal stuff and easily sell it online in the future."

Both Kelley and Sellitto agrees that WormGPT could be used in business email compromise (BEC) attacks, a kind of phishing technique in which employees' information is stolen by pretending to be a higher-up or another authority figure. The language that the algorithm generates is incredibly clear, with precise grammar and sentence structure making it considerably more difficult to spot at first glance.

One must also take this into account that with easier access to the internet, really anyone can download these notorious AI models, making it easier to be disseminated. It is similar to a service that offers same-day mailing for buying firearms and ski masks, only that these firearms and ski masks are targeted at and built for criminals.

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