Millions of dollars have been fined against the corporation over and over again in Europe and Australia for privacy violations. Critics, however, argue that the police using Clearview to their aid puts everyone into a “perpetual police line-up.”
"Whenever they have a photo of a suspect, they will compare it to your face[…]It's far too invasive," says Matthew Guariglia from the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
The figure has not yet been clarified by the police in regard to the million searches conducted by Clearview. But, Miami Police has admitted to using this software for all types of crimes in a rare revelation to the BBC.
Clearview’s system enables a law enforcement customer to upload an image of a face, followed by looking for matches in a database of billions of images it has in store. It then provides links to where the corresponding images appear online. It is regarded as one of the world's most potent and reliable facial recognition companies.
The firm has now been banned from providing its services to most US companies after the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) accused Clearview AI of violating privacy laws. However, there seems to be an exemption for police, with Mr. Ton saying that his software is used by hundreds of police forces across the US.
Yet, the US police do not routinely reveal if they do use the software, and in fact have banned the software in several US cities like Portland, San Francisco, and Seattle.
Police frequently portray the use of facial recognition technology to the public as being limited to serious or violent offenses.
Moreover, in an interview with law enforcement about the efficiency of Clearview, Miami Police admitted to having used the software for all types of crime, from murders to shoplifting. Assistant Chief of Police Armando Aguilar said his team used the software around 450 times a year, and it has helped in solving murder cases.
Yet, critics claim that there are hardly any rules governing the use of facial recognition by police.
Since December 1, Russian users have started reporting problems connecting to the Tor network, which is used to connect anonymously to the Internet.
State Duma deputies believe that restricting access to the Tor browser in Russia will make it possible to resist crime more effectively, the blocking process itself will be lengthy and difficult, but Roskomnadzor is improving technologies.
"All over the world, there is a fight against the negative sides of the Internet: online fraud, the distribution of illegal content (child pornography), the sale of personal and payment data of users, the distribution of drugs and weapons," said Alexander Khinshtein, head of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technology and Communications.
The parliamentarian recalled that Russia is working to combat cyber fraud systematically and quite effectively, a number of relevant laws have already come into force. For example, blocking mobile phones on the territory of correctional institutions, as well as blocking calls from fake numbers from abroad under the guise of Russian ones.
He also stressed that blocking the darknet is a necessary step towards creating a secure digital environment. According to him, the darknet is an obvious concentration of all the most negative, illegal things that exist in the real and digital world today.
In turn, Anton Gorelkin, the deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technology and Communications, wrote in his Telegram channel that he welcomes the decision of Roskomnadzor to start blocking Tor. He added that 60% of Tor's costs are covered by funding from the US government.
The Tor developers themselves note that Russia is the second country in the world in terms of the number of browser users, it is used by more than 300 thousand Russians. "Blocking Tor will not hurt those who do not sell stolen personal and payment data of people, are not interested in child pornography and the purchase of drugs," Mr. Gorelkin stressed.
On December 1, users from Moscow began to report problems with access. It is claimed that Tor was blocked by Rostelecom. "On the night of December 3, several telecom operators, including Rostelecom, MTS, Tele 2 and others, reported network malfunctions," the OONI online censorship tracking project reported.
The expert noted that indirect signs such as meta-information in packets can be used to block traffic in Tor. He added that access to Tor can be blocked by blocking specific servers by IP.
"So far, the use of "bridges" helps <...>, but the lists of bridges are also quite public," Misbakh-Solovyov added. Bridges are anonymous user nodes that do not send information about their IP to the provider's servers. The developers claim that this connection method allows to connect to the network even in countries where Tor is officially blocked.
Anton Gorelkin, deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Information Policy, Information Technologies and Communications, said that "the restriction of VPNs and anonymizers will have a positive impact on the Russian segment of the network. It will protect Russians from discursive content, all scammers. The founders of Tor, hiding behind a pseudo-liberal agenda, created a service that became an infrastructure for fraudsters, drug sales. This is the entrance to the darknet, where stolen databases and fraudulent schemes are concentrated. Blocking Tor is not only about protecting citizens from destructive content. Blocking will improve the network climate in general. On one side of the scale are some pseudo-liberal values, and on the other side — drug sales, destructive content, scammers."
In 2017, anonymizers and blocking bypass tools were banned in Russia. Since June 2021, Roskomnadzor began blocking VPN services, arguing that their use retains access to child pornography, illegal information about drugs and extremism.
The billionaire said he had known since 2018 that one of his phone numbers was on the NSO Group list, but was not worried about it.
"Since 2011, when I was still living in Russia, I used to think that all my phones were hacked. Anyone who gets access to my personal data will be extremely disappointed, as he will have to view thousands of Telegram feature concepts and millions of messages related to the development process of our product. He will not find any important information there," Durov explained.
At the same time, he recalled that surveillance tools were also used against "much more significant" people, including more than 10 heads of state. "A huge problem for humanity", according to the businessman, is created by "backdoors" that smartphone and software manufacturers deliberately leave in their systems.
"According to Snowden's 2013 revelations, Apple and Google are part of a global surveillance program. These companies should introduce backdoors into their mobile operating systems. These backdoors, usually disguised as security bugs, allow US intelligence agencies to access information on any smartphone in the world," Durov wrote.
According to Durov, at the same time, access to these vulnerabilities can be obtained not only by the US authorities but also "any other organization that finds them."
"It is not surprising that this is exactly what happened: the Israeli company NSO Group sold access to spy tools that allowed third parties to hack tens of thousands of phones," the billionaire noted.
Recently, The Guardian reported that the Telegram founder's British mobile number was on a list of potential surveillance targets in 2018.
The publication suggested that the authorities of the United Arab Emirates could have shown interest in Durov since the appearance of the entrepreneur's number on the list coincided with his move to this country.