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Virtual Machines on Nutanix AHV now in Akira’s Crosshairs; Enterprises must Close Gaps

 



Security agencies have issued a new warning about the Akira ransomware group after investigators confirmed that the operators have added Nutanix AHV virtual machines to their list of targets. This represents a significant expansion of the group’s capabilities, which had already included attacks on VMware ESXi and Microsoft Hyper-V environments. The update signals that Akira is no longer limiting itself to conventional endpoints or common hypervisors and is now actively pursuing a wider range of virtual infrastructure used in large organisations.

Although Akira was first known for intrusions affecting small and medium businesses across North America, Europe and Australia, the pattern of attacks has changed noticeably over the last year. Incident reports now show that the group is striking much larger companies, particularly those involved in manufacturing, IT services, healthcare operations, banking and financial services, and food-related industries. This shift suggests a strategic move toward high-value victims where disruptions can cause substantial operational impact and increase the pressure to pay ransom demands.

Analysts observing the group’s behaviour note that Akira has not simply created a few new variants. Instead, it has invested considerable effort into developing ransomware that functions across multiple operating systems, including Windows and Linux, and across several virtualisation platforms. Building such wide-reaching capability requires long-term planning, and researchers interpret this as evidence that the group aims to remain active for an extended period.


How attackers get into networks 

Investigations into real-world intrusions show that Akira typically begins by taking advantage of weak points in remote access systems and devices connected to the internet. Many victims used VPN systems that lacked multifactor authentication, making them vulnerable to attackers trying common password combinations or using previously leaked credentials. The group has also exploited publicly known vulnerabilities in networking products from major vendors and in backup platforms that had not been updated with security patches.

In addition to these weaknesses, Akira has used targeted phishing emails, misconfigured Remote Desktop Protocol portals, and exposed SSH interfaces on network routers. In some breaches, compromising a router allowed attackers to tunnel deeper into internal networks and reach critical servers, especially outdated backup systems that had not been maintained.

Once inside, the attackers survey the entire environment. They run commands designed to identify domain controllers and trust relationships between systems, giving them a map of how the network is structured. To avoid being detected, they often use remote-access tools that are normally employed by IT administrators, making their activity harder to differentiate from legitimate work. They also disable security software, create administrator-level user accounts for long-term access, and deploy tools capable of running commands on multiple machines at once.


Data theft and encryption techniques 

Akira uses a double-extortion method. The attackers first locate and collect sensitive corporate information, which they compress and transfer out of the network using well-known tools such as FileZilla, WinRAR, WinSCP or RClone. Some investigations show that this data extraction process can be completed in just a few hours. Once the information has been removed, they launch the ransomware encryptor, which uses modern encryption algorithms that are designed to work quickly and efficiently. Over time, the group has changed the file extensions that appear after encryption and has modified the names and placement of ransom notes. The ransomware also removes Windows shadow copies to block easy recovery options.


Why the threat continues to succeed 

Cybersecurity experts point out that Akira benefits from long-standing issues that many organisations fail to address. Network appliances, remote access devices, and backup servers often remain unpatched for months, giving attackers opportunities to exploit vulnerabilities that should have been resolved. These overlooked systems create gaps that remain unnoticed until an intrusion is already underway.


How organisations can strengthen defences 

While applying patches, enabling multifactor authentication, and keeping offline backups remain essential, the recent wave of incidents shows that more comprehensive measures are necessary. Specialists recommend dividing networks into smaller segments to limit lateral movement, monitoring administrator-level activity closely, and extending security controls to backup systems and virtualisation consoles. Organisations should also conduct complete ransomware readiness exercises that include not only technical recovery procedures but also legal considerations, communication strategies, and preparations for potential data leaks.

Security researchers emphasise that companies must approach defence with the same mindset attackers use to find vulnerabilities. Identifying weaknesses before adversaries exploit them can make the difference between a minor disruption and a large-scale crisis.



Akira Ramps up Ransomware Activity With New Variant And More Aggressive Intrusion Methods

 


Akira, one of the most active ransomware operations this year, has expanded its capabilities and increased the scale of its attacks, according to new threat intelligence shared by global security agencies. The group’s operators have upgraded their ransomware toolkit, continued to target a broad range of sectors, and sharply increased the financial impact of their attacks.

Data collected from public extortion portals shows that by the end of September 2025 the group had claimed roughly 244.17 million dollars in ransom proceeds. Analysts note that this figure represents a steep rise compared to estimates released in early 2024. Current tracking data places Akira second in overall activity among hundreds of monitored ransomware groups, with more than 620 victim organisations listed this year.

The growing number of incidents has prompted an updated joint advisory from international cyber authorities. The latest report outlines newly observed techniques, warns of the group’s expanded targeting, and urges all organisations to review their defensive posture.

Researchers confirm that Akira has introduced a new ransomware strain, commonly referenced as Akira v2. This version is designed to encrypt files at higher speeds and make data recovery significantly harder. Systems affected by the new variant often show one of several extensions, which include akira, powerranges, akiranew, and aki. Victims typically find ransom instructions stored as text files in both the main system directory and user folders.

Investigations show that Akira actors gain entry through several familiar but effective routes. These include exploiting security gaps in edge devices and backup servers, taking advantage of authentication bypass and scripting flaws, and using buffer overflow vulnerabilities to run malicious code. Stolen or brute forced credentials remain a common factor, especially when multi factor authentication is disabled.

Once inside a network, the attackers quickly establish long-term access. They generate new domain accounts, including administrative profiles, and have repeatedly created an account named itadm during intrusions. The group also uses legitimate system tools to explore networks and identify sensitive assets. This includes commands used for domain discovery and open-source frameworks designed for remote execution. In many cases, the attackers uninstall endpoint detection products, change firewall rules, and disable antivirus tools to remain unnoticed.

The group has also expanded its focus to virtual and cloud based environments. Security teams recently observed the encryption of virtual machine disk files on Nutanix AHV, in addition to previous activity on VMware ESXi and Hyper-V platforms. In one incident, operators temporarily powered down a domain controller to copy protected virtual disk files and load them onto a new virtual machine, allowing them to access privileged credentials.

Command and control activity is often routed through encrypted tunnels, and recent intrusions show the use of tunnelling services to mask traffic. Authorities warn that data theft can occur within hours of initial access.

Security agencies stress that the most effective defence remains prompt patching of known exploited vulnerabilities, enforcing multi factor authentication on all remote services, monitoring for unusual account creation, and ensuring that backup systems are fully secured and tested.



Checkout Refuses ShinyHunters Ransom, Donates Funds to Cybersecurity Research

 

Checkout, a UK-based financial tech firm, recently suffered a data breach orchestrated by the cybercriminal group ShinyHunters, who have demanded a ransom for stolen merchant data. In response, the company announced it would not pay the ransom but instead donate the equivalent amount to Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Oxford Cyber Security Center to fund cybercrime research initiatives.

The breach occurred after ShinyHunters gained unauthorized access to a legacy third-party cloud storage system used by Checkout in 2020 and earlier. This system, which had not been properly decommissioned, contained internal operational documents, onboarding materials, and data from a significant portion of company’s merchant base, including past and current customers. The company estimates that less than 25% of its current merchant base was affected by the incident.

The tech firm provides payment processing services to major global brands such as eBay, Uber Eats, adidas, GE Healthcare, IKEA, Klarna, Pinterest, Alibaba, Shein, Sainsbury’s, Sony, DocuSign, Samsung, and HelloFresh, managing billions in merchandise revenue. The company’s systems include a unified payments API, hosted payment portals, mobile SDKs, and plugins for existing platforms, along with fraud detection, identity verification, and dispute management features.

ShinyHunters is an international threat group known for targeting large organizations, often leveraging phishing, OAuth attacks, and social engineering to infiltrate systems and extort ransom payments. The group has recently exploited the Oracle E-Business Suite zero-day vulnerability (CVE-2025-61884) and carried out attacks on Salesforce and Drift systems affecting multiple organizations earlier in the year.

Despite the pressure to pay a ransom to prevent the leaked data from being published, Checkout has refused and opted for a different strategy. The company will invest in strengthening its own security infrastructure and protecting its customers more effectively in the future. Additionally, the company has committed to supporting academic research in cybersecurity by channeling the intended ransom funds to prestigious universities.

Checkout has not disclosed the identity of the compromised third-party cloud file storage system or the specific breach method. The company continues to work on bolstering its defenses and has emphasized its commitment to transparency and customer protection. This decision sets a notable precedent for organizations facing ransomware demands, highlighting the importance of proactive security investment and responsible action in the face of cyber threats.

Governments sanction Russian “bulletproof” host for aiding ransomware networks

 



Authorities in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia have jointly imposed sanctions on a Russian bulletproof hosting provider accused of giving safe and long-term technical support to ransomware operators and other criminal groups. Officials say the newly sanctioned entities have played a central role in keeping several high-impact cybercrime operations online.

A bulletproof hosting service is a type of internet infrastructure provider that knowingly allows harmful activity on its servers. These companies rent out digital space and refuse to take down malicious websites, even when they receive complaints from victims or requests from law enforcement. Such services help threat actors conduct phishing campaigns, distribute malware, run command and control systems for their attacks, and host illegal content without fear of quick removal. This resistance to oversight makes it harder for investigators to disrupt cybercriminal networks.


Media Land and its linked companies named as key targets

The United States Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control announced that Media Land, a Russia-based provider, has been added to the sanctions list along with three related firms: Media Land Technology, Data Center Kirishi, and ML Cloud. According to officials, Media Land’s infrastructure has been connected to well-known ransomware groups. It has also been tied to distributed denial-of-service attacks that targeted American companies, including systems categorized as critical infrastructure such as parts of the telecommunications sector.


Officials name individuals connected to the operation

Sanctions also extend to three people associated with Media Land. Aleksandr Volosovik has been identified as someone who promoted the company’s services on underground cybercriminal forums under the username Yalishanda. Another individual, Kirill Zatolokin, is accused of handling customer payments. A third person, Yulia Pankova, is said to have assisted with legal matters and financial management. The United Kingdom additionally stated that Volosovik has interacted with multiple cybercrime groups in the past.


Other companies involved in supporting the infrastructure

The sanctions package further includes Aeza Group LLC, another bulletproof hosting operator that had already been sanctioned earlier this year. Authorities say Aeza attempted to continue operating by using a UK-based company named Hypercore Ltd as a front. Additional entities in Serbia and Uzbekistan that provided technical assistance to the network have also been designated.


Government agencies issue defensive guidance

Along with the sanctions, cybersecurity agencies across the Five Eyes alliance released technical recommendations to help defenders identify and block activity linked to bulletproof hosting services. They suggest creating high-confidence lists of harmful internet resources based on verified threat intelligence, performing continuous monitoring of network traffic, and applying filtering rules at network boundaries while examining how those rules might affect legitimate users. The guidance also encourages service providers to maintain stronger onboarding checks for new customers since criminal operators often hide behind temporary email accounts or phone numbers.


Implications of the sanctions

All assets connected to the named individuals and companies within the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia will now be frozen. Any organisation or person that continues to conduct transactions with them may face secondary sanctions or other enforcement actions. This step builds on earlier actions taken in February, when the three nations sanctioned ZServers, another Russian hosting operation, while Dutch authorities seized more than one hundred of its servers.

The coordinated announcement signals a growing international effort to dismantle the online infrastructure that ransomware groups depend on. It also reinforces the need for organisations to maintain strong cybersecurity practices, rely on reputable service providers, and monitor threat intelligence to reduce exposure to criminal activity.

When Weak Passwords Open The Door: Major Breaches That Began With Simple Logins

 



Cybersecurity incidents are often associated with sophisticated exploits, but many of the most damaging breaches across public institutions, private companies and individual accounts have originated from something far more basic: predictable passwords and neglected account controls. A review of several high-profile cases shows how easily attackers can bypass defences when organisations rely on outdated credentials, skip essential updates or fail to enforce multi-factor authentication.

One example resurfaced when an older assessment revealed that the server used to manage surveillance cameras at a prominent European museum operated with a password identical to the institution’s name. The report, which stresses on configuration weaknesses and poor access safeguards, has drawn renewed attention following recent thefts from the museum’s collection. The outdated credential underlined how critical systems often remain vulnerable because maintenance and password policies fall behind operational needs.

A similar pattern was seen in May 2021 when a major fuel pipeline in the United States halted operations after attackers used a compromised login associated with an inactive remote-access account. The credential was not protected by secondary verification, allowing the intruders to infiltrate the network. The temporary shutdown triggered widespread disruption, and the operator ultimately paid a substantial ransom before systems could be restored. Investigators later recovered part of the payment, but the event demonstrated how a single unsecured account can affect national infrastructure.

In the corporate sector, a British transport company with more than a century of operations collapsed after a ransomware group accessed its internal environment by correctly guessing an employee’s password. Once inside, the attackers encrypted operational data and locked critical systems, demanding a ransom the firm could not pay. With its files unrecoverable, the company ceased trading and hundreds of employees lost their jobs. The case illustrated how small oversights in password hygiene can destabilise even long-established businesses.

Weak or unchanged default codes have also enabled intrusions into personal communications. Years-long investigations into unlawful phone-hacking in the United Kingdom revealed that some voicemail systems were protected by factory-set PINs or extremely simple numerical combinations. These lax protections enabled unauthorized access to private messages belonging to public figures, eventually triggering criminal proceedings, regulatory inquiries and the shutdown of a national newspaper.

Historical oversight is not limited to consumer systems. Former personnel who worked with early nuclear command procedures in the United States have described past practices in which launch mechanisms relied on extremely simple numeric sequences. Although additional procedural safeguards existed, later reforms strengthened the technical requirements to ensure that no single point of failure or simplistic code could enable unauthorized action.

More recently, a national elections authority in the United Kingdom was reprimanded after attackers accessed servers containing voter registration data between 2021 and 2022. Regulators found that essential patches had not been applied and that many internal accounts continued to use passwords similar to those originally assigned at setup. By impersonating legitimate users, intruders were able to penetrate the system, though no evidence indicated that the data was subsequently misused.

These incidents reinforce a consistent conclusion. Passwords remain central to digital security, and organisations that fail to enforce strong credential policies, update software and enable multi-factor authentication expose themselves to avoidable breaches. Even basic improvements in password complexity and account management can prevent the kinds of failures that have repeatedly resulted in financial losses, service outages and large-scale investigations.


How Oversharing, Weak Passwords, and Digital IDs Make You an Easy Target and What You Can Do




The more we share online, the easier it becomes for attackers to piece together our personal lives. Photos, location tags, daily routines, workplace details, and even casual posts can be combined to create a fairly accurate picture of who we are. Cybercriminals use this information to imitate victims, trick service providers, and craft convincing scams that look genuine. When someone can guess where you spend your time or what services you rely on, they can more easily pretend to be you and manipulate systems meant to protect you. Reducing what you post publicly is one of the simplest steps to lower this risk.

Weak passwords add another layer of vulnerability, but a recent industry assessment has shown that the problem is not only with users. Many of the most visited websites do not enforce strong password requirements. Some platforms do not require long passwords, special characters, or case sensitivity. This leaves accounts easier to break into through automated attacks. Experts recommend that websites adopt stronger password rules, introduce passkey options, and guide users with clear indicators of password strength. Users can improve their own security by relying on password managers, creating long unique passwords, and enabling two factor authentication wherever possible.

Concerns about device security are also increasing. Several governments have begun reviewing whether certain networking devices introduce national security risks, especially when the manufacturers are headquartered in countries that have laws allowing state access to data. These investigations have sparked debates over how consumer hardware is produced, how data flows through global supply chains, and whether companies can guarantee independence from government requests. For everyday users, this tension means it is important to select routers and other digital devices that receive regular software updates, publish clear security policies, and have a history of addressing vulnerabilities quickly.

Another rising threat is ransomware. Criminal groups continue to target both individuals and large organisations, encrypting data and demanding payment for recovery. Recent cases involving individuals with cybersecurity backgrounds show how profitable illicit markets can attract even trained professionals. Because attackers now operate with high levels of organisation, users and businesses should maintain offline backups, restrict access within internal networks, and test their response plans in advance.

Privacy concerns are also emerging in the travel sector. Airline data practices are also drawing scrutiny. Travel companies cannot directly sell passenger information to government programs due to legal restrictions, so several airlines jointly rely on an intermediary that acts as a broker. Reports show that this broker had been distributing data for years but only recently registered itself as a data broker, which is legally required. Users can request removal from this data-sharing system by emailing the broker’s privacy address and completing identity verification. Confirmation records should be stored for reference. The process involves verifying identity details, and users should keep a copy of all correspondence and confirmations. 

Finally, several governments are exploring digital identity systems that would allow residents to store official identification on their phones. Although convenient, this approach raises significant privacy risks. Digital IDs place sensitive information in one central location, and if the surrounding protections are weak, the data could be misused for tracking or monitoring. Strong legal safeguards, transparent data handling rules, and external audits are essential before such systems are implemented.

Experts warn that centralizing identity increases the potential impact of a breach and may facilitate tracking unless strict limits, independent audits, and user controls are enforced. Policymakers must balance convenience with strong technical and legal protections. 


Practical, immediate steps one should follow:

1. Reduce public posts that reveal routines or precise locations.

2. Use a password manager and unique, long passwords.

3. Turn on two factor authentication for important accounts.

4. Maintain offline backups and test recovery procedures.

5. Check privacy policies of travel brokers and submit opt-out requests if you want to limit data sharing.

6. Prefer devices with clear update policies and documented security practices.

These measures lower the chance that routine online activity becomes a direct route into your accounts or identity. Small, consistent changes will greatly reduce risk.

Overall, users can strengthen their protection by sharing less online, reviewing how their travel data is handled, and staying informed about the implications of digital identification. Small and consistent actions reduce the likelihood of becoming a victim of cyber threats.

M&S Cyberattack: Retailer Issues Fresh Warning to Shoppers

 

Marks & Spencer (M&S) suffered a severe cyberattack in April 2025, orchestrated by the ransomware group known as Scattered Spider, with the ransomware called DragonForce. This breach forced M&S to halt all online transactions for nearly six weeks, disrupting its operations during a traditionally strong trading period around Easter. 

The attackers first infiltrated M&S's network through social engineering tactics aimed at a third-party IT helpdesk contractor, Tata Consultancy Services, tricking staff into granting access. This human error allowed the hackers to steal sensitive customer personal data, including names, addresses, emails, phone numbers, birthdates, and order histories, though no payment details or passwords were compromised.

As a result, M&S had to suspend online shopping completely and revert to manual processes for inventory and logistics, which led to empty shelves and disrupted service in many stores. Contactless payments and order collection systems failed at the outset of the incident, adding to customer frustration. M&S publicly apologized and reset all customer passwords on affected accounts as a precaution against subsequent phishing attacks using the stolen data.

Financially, the incident is estimated to have cost M&S approximately £300 million in lost profits, which significantly impacted its half-year results. Despite the disruption, M&S’s revenue during the affected period remained relatively stable, reflecting growth in grocery and clothing/home segments, though online market share was partly lost to competitors like Next. The full impact on profits and sales was to be revealed in M&S’s upcoming financial report.

The cyber attack highlighted vulnerabilities in traditional cybersecurity defenses focused on inbound threats, as the ransomware attack involved a "double extortion" technique where data was exfiltrated before encryption, and legacy tools failed to detect the outbound data theft. Experts suggest that more advanced anti-data exfiltration capabilities could have mitigated damage. M&S is reviewing its cybersecurity posture and continuing to recover operationally while managing costs and store investments moving forward.

M&S shoppers were urged to remain vigilant against phishing scams, as criminals exploit stolen personal data for targeted attacks. The incident underscores the evolving threats retailers face from ransomware and social engineering attacks on supply chains and third-party vendors. Overall, the attack marked a significant challenge for M&S’s digital and retail operations with a wide-reaching customer impact and financial implications.

Why Ransomware Attacks Keep Rising and What Makes Them Unstoppable


In August, Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) suffered a cyberattack. JLR employs over 32,800 people and provides additional 104,000 jobs via it's supply chain. JLR is the recent victim in a chain of ransomware attacks. 

Why such attacks?

Our world is entirely dependent on technology which are prone to attacks. Only a few people understand such complex infrastructure. The internet is built to be easy, and this makes it vulnerable. The first big cyberattack happened in 1988. That time, not many people knew about it. 

The more we rely on networked computer technology, the more we become exposed to attacks and ransomware extortion.

How such attacks happen?

There are various ways of hacking or disrupting a network. Threat actors get direct access through software bugs, they can access unprotected systems and leverage them as a zombie army called "botnet," to disrupt a network.

Currently, we are experiencing a wave of ransomware attacks. First, threat actors hack into a network, they may pretend to be an employee. They do this via phishing emails or social engineering attacks. After this, they increase their access and steal sensitive data for extortion reasons. By this, hackers gain control and assert dominance.

These days, "hypervisor" has become a favourite target. It is a server computer that lets many remote systems to use just one system (like work from home). Hackers then use ransomware to encode data, which makes the entire system unstable and it becomes impossible to restore the data without paying the ransom for a decoding key.

Why constant rise in attacks?

A major reason is a sudden rise in cryptocurrencies. It has made money laundering easier. In 2023, a record $1.1 billion was paid out across the world. Crypto also makes it easier to buy illegal things on the dark web. Another reason is the rise of ransomware as a service (RaaS) groups. This business model has made cyberattacks easier for beginner hackers 

About RaaS

RaaS groups market on dark web and go by the names like LockBit, REvil, Hive, and Darkside sell tech support services for ransomware attack. For a monthly fees, they provide a payment portal, encryption softwares, and a standalone leak site for blackmailing the victims, and also assist in ransom negotiations.


NCSC Warns of Rising Cyber Threats Linked to China, Urges Businesses to Build Defences

 



The United Kingdom’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has cautioned that hacking groups connected to China are responsible for an increasing number of cyberattacks targeting British organisations. Officials say the country has become one of the most capable and persistent sources of digital threats worldwide, with operations extending across government systems, private firms, and global institutions.

Paul Chichester, the NCSC’s Director of Operations, explained that certain nations, including China, are now using cyber intrusions as part of their broader national strategy to gain intelligence and influence. According to the NCSC’s latest annual report, China remains a “highly sophisticated” threat actor capable of conducting complex and coordinated attacks.

This warning coincides with a government initiative urging major UK companies to take stronger measures to secure their digital infrastructure. Ministers have written to hundreds of business leaders, asking them to review their cyber readiness and adopt more proactive protection strategies against ransomware, data theft, and state-sponsored attacks.

Last year, security agencies from the Five Eyes alliance, comprising the UK, the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand uncovered a large-scale operation by a Chinese company that controlled a botnet of over 260,000 compromised devices. In August, officials again warned that Chinese-backed hackers were targeting telecommunications providers by exploiting vulnerabilities in routers and using infected devices to infiltrate additional networks.

The NCSC also noted that other nations, including Russia, are believed to be “pre-positioning” their cyber capabilities in critical sectors such as energy and transportation. Chichester emphasized that the war in Ukraine has demonstrated how cyber operations are now used as instruments of power, enabling states to disrupt essential services and advance strategic goals.


Artificial Intelligence: A New Tool for Attackers

The report highlights that artificial intelligence is increasingly being used by hostile actors to improve the speed and efficiency of existing attack techniques. The NCSC clarified that, while AI is not currently enabling entirely new forms of attacks, it allows adversaries to automate certain stages of hacking, such as identifying security flaws or crafting convincing phishing emails.

Ollie Whitehouse, the NCSC’s Chief Technology Officer, described AI as a “productivity enhancer” for cybercriminals. He explained that it is helping less experienced hackers conduct sophisticated campaigns and enabling organized groups to expand operations more rapidly. However, he reassured that AI does not currently pose an existential threat to national security.


Ransomware Remains the Most Severe Risk

For UK businesses, ransomware continues to be the most pressing danger. Criminals behind these attacks are financially motivated, often targeting organisations with weak security controls regardless of size or industry. The NCSC reports seeing daily incidents affecting schools, charities, and small enterprises struggling to recover from system lockouts and data loss.

To strengthen national resilience, the upcoming Cyber Security and Resilience Bill will require critical service providers, including data centres and managed service firms, to report cyber incidents within 24 hours. By increasing transparency and response speed, the government hopes to limit the impact of future attacks.

The NCSC urges business leaders to treat cyber risk as a priority at the executive level. Understanding the urgency of action, maintaining up-to-date systems, and investing in employee awareness are essential steps to prevent further damage. As cyber activity grows “more intense, frequent, and intricate,” the agency stresses that a united effort between the government and private sector is crucial to protecting the UK’s digital ecosystem.



Sotheby’s Investigates Cyberattack That Exposed Employee Financial Information

 



Global auction house Sotheby’s has disclosed that it recently suffered a data breach in which cybercriminals accessed and extracted files containing sensitive information. The company confirmed that the security incident, detected on July 24, 2025, led to unauthorized access to certain internal data systems.

According to a notification filed with the Maine Attorney General’s Office, the compromised records included details such as full names, Social Security Numbers (SSNs), and financial account information. While the filing listed only a few individuals from the states of Maine and Rhode Island, the overall number of people affected by the breach has not been publicly confirmed.

Sotheby’s stated that once the intrusion was identified, its cybersecurity team immediately launched a detailed investigation, working alongside external security experts and law enforcement authorities. The process reportedly took nearly two months as the company conducted a comprehensive audit to determine what type of information was taken and whose data was affected.

In its notice to those impacted, the company wrote that certain Sotheby’s data “appeared to have been removed from our environment by an unknown actor.” It added that an “extensive review of the data” was carried out to identify the affected records and confirm the individuals connected to them.

As a precautionary measure, Sotheby’s is offering affected individuals 12 months of free identity protection and credit monitoring services through TransUnion, encouraging them to register within 90 days of receiving the notification letter.

Initially, it was unclear whether the compromised data involved employees or clients. However, in an update on October 17, 2025, Sotheby’s clarified in a statement to BleepingComputer that the breach involved employee information, not customer data. The company emphasized that it took the incident seriously and immediately involved external cybersecurity experts to support the response and remediation process.

“Sotheby’s discovered a cybersecurity incident that may have involved certain employee information,” a company spokesperson said in an official statement. “Upon discovery, we promptly began an investigation with leading data protection specialists and law enforcement. The company is notifying all impacted individuals as required and remains committed to protecting the integrity of its systems and data.”

Sotheby’s is among the world’s most recognized auction houses, dealing in high-value art and luxury assets. In 2024, the firm recorded total annual sales of nearly $6 billion, highlighting the scale and sensitivity of the data it manages, including financial and transactional records.

Although no ransomware groups have claimed responsibility for this breach so far, similar attacks have previously targeted high-end auction platforms. In 2024, the RansomHub gang allegedly breached Christie’s, stealing personal data belonging to an estimated 500,000 clients. Such incidents indicate that cybercriminals increasingly view global art institutions as lucrative targets due to the financial and personal data they store.

This is not the first time Sotheby’s has dealt with cybersecurity issues. Between March 2017 and October 2018, the company’s website was compromised by a malicious web skimmer designed to collect customer payment information. A comparable supply-chain attack in 2021 also led to unauthorized access to sensitive data.

The latest breach reinforces the growing risks faced by major cultural and financial institutions that handle valuable client and employee data. As investigations continue, Sotheby’s has urged affected individuals to remain vigilant, review their financial statements regularly, and immediately report any suspicious activity to their bank or credit institution.


Malware Infiltrations Through Official Game Channels


 

Cybercriminals are increasingly exploiting the trust of unsuspecting players as a profitable target in the evolving landscape of digital entertainment by downloading video games, which appear to be harmless to the eyes of user. The innocent download of a popular game, an exciting demo, or a modification made by a fan can sometimes conceal a much more sinister payload behind the innocent appearance. 

With the development of malicious code embedded within seemingly legitimate files, attackers have become increasingly adept at stealing credentials, draining cryptocurrency wallets, or hijacking user accounts without immediate notice, all using deceptive tactics. It has been reported that games can be real in nature, but they are often bundled with hidden malware that activates as soon as they are installed. 

Infections that cause this type of infection are usually hidden in post-release updates, ensuring that early versions look harmless while later patches quietly deliver the exploit, allowing threat actors to keep their exploits a secret. There is an increasingly common ploy to lure players away from verified gaming storefronts with claims of "exclusive content" or "performance-enhancing updates," and then redirect them to malicious external downloads, which are actually malicious. 

In addition to circumventing the platform's built-in security checks, such tactics also hinder developers and distributors from identifying and removing the threat promptly, as they cannot detect and remove the threat. One of the recent examples underscores the sophistication of these attacks, as security researchers discovered that a threat actor uploaded four seemingly benign "mods" to the official Steam catalogue for the popular online game Dota 2 in an effort to sabotage the game. 

When these modifications were installed on victims' systems, they opened a back door, allowing the attacker to take advantage of a known security vulnerability (CVE-2021-38003) that exists in the open-source JavaScript engine of Dota 2's Panorama framework. 

Community enhancements that were supposed to serve as vehicles for advanced exploitation turned out to be vehicles for advanced exploitation - demonstrating how even trusted platforms are susceptible to being compromised. It is clear from this troubling trend that the line between gaming and cyber risk is blurry, where just one careless click on a seemingly innocent file can expose players to data theft, account compromise, and system vulnerabilities that will last for years. 

While many security breaches in gaming occur as a result of external threat actors, there are some instances where the danger is a result of the game itself. It has been observed that developers, in certain cases, have knowingly embedded malicious components into their creations for the purpose of profit, surveillance, or misguided experimentation. However, in some cases, fan-made mods and community content have knowingly transmitted infections introduced by their creators. 

There have been cases when an infected development environment has accidentally introduced malware into an end-game by accident, putting countless players at risk. In such cases, it is made clear that even the most trustworthy and official platforms can be used to compromise players, eroding trust in a field once defined by creativity and connection, a time when player trust has been eroded. 

There have been increasing numbers of attacks by attackers who have been strategically leveraging the excitement surrounding major game releases by timing their campaigns for peak excitement moments. In these periods of high traffic, fraudulent “early access” invitations and “exclusive beta” offers seem more convincing, lured by players who desire to experience the latest titles earlier. 

When people are forced to download files without verifying their authenticity through claims of “limited access” or “exclusive playtests”, they are often manipulated into downloading files with the intent of creating anticipation and urgency. The type of tactics mentioned above is particularly effective with regard to streamers who are constantly looking for new content that will draw viewers to their channel.

By exploiting this ambition, cybercriminals entice them into downloading trojanized games or demo versions, which compromise both their systems as well as their audiences. However, content creators are not alone at risk of malware; casual gamers, whose curiosity or thrill of novelty drives them, are also at risk of accidentally installing malware disguised as legitimate software. The attacks take place across multiple platforms. 

Some malicious projects have bypassed moderation on official storefronts, such as Steam, by releasing Early Access games, overhyped demos, or free platformers, which have later proved harmful as a consequence of the attacks. As a result of their high ratings and fabricated reviews, they often gave the illusion that these titles were credible until intervention was instituted. As a result of cyber deception, platforms such as Discord and Telegram have become fertile ground for cyber attacks outside of official channels. 

The trust inherent in these communities amplifies the damage caused by the malicious attacker, causing victims to unintentionally become accomplices in the attack. Attackers compromise legitimate accounts and distribute infected files posing as friendly recommendations like "try my new game" or "check out this beta build".

A number of researchers, including Bitdefender's experts, have warned that the very qualities defining the gaming community- its enthusiasm, speed, and interconnectedness-are becoming weapons against it. In a culture where rapid downloads and shared excitement drive engagement, players tend to override caution in an effort to discover new content, exposing them to evolving cyber threats even when they are wewell-versed

During the past few months, Kaspersky has conducted an analysis of the growing trend of cyberattacks targeting gamers, specifically those belonging to Generation Z, which revealed alarming insights. As a result of this study, which examined malware activity across 20 of the most popular video games from the second quarter of 2024 until the first quarter of 2025, the study identified more than 1.8 million attempts to attack across the 20 most popular games between March 2025 and March 2024, the highest amount ever recorded during this period. 

Cybercriminals continue to target the biggest franchises of the gaming industry, most of which have active online and modding communities, as the findings illustrate. These findings highlight the fact that many of the biggest franchises are a prime target for cybercriminals. The largest number of attack attempts was recorded by the Grand Theft Auto franchise, which was the highest number among all titles analysed. 

Even though GTA V has been around for more than a decade, it has endured due to its popularity, modding flexibility, and active online community, making it particularly vulnerable to cybercrime. With anticipation building for GTA VI's release expected in 2026, experts are warning that similar campaigns will be on the rise, as threat actors will likely take advantage of the excitement surrounding “early access” offers and counterfeit installers in order to gain an edge. 

The biggest cybercriminal attack that occurred on Minecraft was 4,112,493. This is due to the vast modding ecosystem and younger player demographic, both of which continue to attract cybercriminals to the game. With 2,635,330 attempts, Call of Duty came in second with 2,615,330, mainly due to malicious files posing as cheats or cracked versions for games such as Modern Warfare 3. It is no wonder that,

The Sims were responsible for 2,416,443 attack attempts, a figure which can be attributed to the popularity of unofficial expansion packs and custom in-game assets. Roblox was also prominent, with 1,548,929 attacks, reflecting the persistent exploitation of platforms with content that is generated by users. There were also several other high-risk franchises, including FIFA, Among Us, Assassin’s Creed, Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, and Red Dead Redemption, which together contributed to hundreds of thousands of incidents.

Community engagement, which includes mods, patches, and fan content, has been shown to have a direct correlation with malicious software spread. Kaspersky has conducted a comprehensive analysis of these infections, which range from simple downloaders to sophisticated Trojans capable of stealing passwords, granting remote access to systems and deploying ransomware, among others. This type of attack is aimed primarily at compromising valuable gaming accounts, which are then sold on black market markets or underground forums for a high price. 

In accordance with the findings of the study, cyber threats are evolving as a result of the enthusiasm for new content, as well as a culture of sharing within gaming communities being weaponised by attackers for profit and exploitation. In my opinion, Guild Wars 2 stands out as a particularly notable example, which was developed by ArenaNet and published by NCSoft as a massively multiplayer online role-playing game. 

There is a strong community attached to this game because of its dynamic and expansive co-operative world. Despite the popularity of the game, the studio faced backlash in March 2018 after an update reportedly installed a surveillance tool on the players' systems. It was the embedded program's responsibility to search local files for unauthorised third-party applications and executables that may be associated with cheating. 

It was condemned by many players and cybersecurity experts as a serious breach of privacy, asking if the deployment of what appeared to be spyware was necessary to combat dishonesty. This episode proved that there is a delicate balance between maintaining the integrity of online games and infringing upon the rights of users. 

An analysis of the report revealed that efforts made to combat one form of manipulation of data were capable of introducing another, highlighting a growing ethical dilemma in the gaming industry-where issues of security, surveillance, and player trust have intersected in increasingly interesting, albeit uncomfortable, ways lately. In spite of the fact that the measure was designed to ensure fair play and resulted in nearly 1,600 accounts being identified and banned, it sparked widespread concern due to the way the measure was implemented. 

During the ongoing investigation into how malware infiltrated the gaming industry, a number of recent cases have shed light on the evolving strategies that cybercriminals are using to infiltrate the market. Those incidents mark a critical turning point in the history of video games, revealing how both indie developers and major gaming platforms, unwittingly, can be conduits for large-scale cyberattacks. 

One of the most alarming examples is BlockBlasters (2025), which appears innocent at first glance but rapidly gains popularity with its creative design and indie appeal, despite being a seemingly harmless free platformer on Steam. An update released weeks after the game was released introduced a hidden cryptocurrency dragon that hacked over $150,000 from unsuspecting players who had been unaware of the device.

In a later investigation, it emerged that the attackers had enlarged their reach by pretending to be sponsors and contacting streamers to promote the game. When Valve finally intervened and removed it, the attackers were able to expand their reach. During the same period, Sniper: Phantom's Resolution leveraged Steam's visibility but hosted its demo externally, bypassing platform safeguards. 

After a community report that the installer contained information-stealing malware, Valve delisted the title as a result of the incident, but this case demonstrated how attackers are able to use official storefronts as an effective means of promoting legitimate downloads while directing victims to malicious ones. 

There was also a similar pattern with the Early Access survival game Chemia (2024/2025), which had invited players to sign up for playtesting access to the game. Even though the project was presented professionally, it was eventually linked to three different malicious software strains which extorted data and created backdoors on infected machines in the future. 

Despite the fact that the supposed studio behind the title has been unable to locate an online presence, suspicions were raised that the identity had been fabricated. Meanwhile, the outbreak of the Fracturiser in Minecraft mods in 2023 underscores the dangers associated with community-driven ecosystems. As a result of malicious updates released by criminals into legitimate developer repositories, it has been extremely difficult for maintainers to recover control of the issue. 

These incidents have resulted in severe fallout for users. The takeover of accounts has permitted attackers to impersonate victims and spread scams, while financial losses, as seen during the BlockBlasters campaign, have devastated many players, including one streamer who lost funds that were being raised for medical care. 

Furthermore, as fraudulent titles, manipulated reviews, and influence promotions continue to erode the trust in gaming platforms, the line between genuine creativity and calculated deception is becoming increasingly blurred, which is further obscuring the real difference between genuine creativity and calculated deception. As a reminder of the dangers lurking even in verified storefronts and beloved communities, gamers are becoming increasingly uncertain about what they can play, especially as they become more and more connected.

Increasing cyber threats hidden within gaming platforms have highlighted a sobering truth: it is no longer acceptable to put digital safety as an afterthought to entertainment pursuits. In order to remain competitive in this rapidly evolving threat landscape, both players and developers should learn how to adapt in order to stay safe while exploiting trust, curiosity, and the community spirit that defines gaming culture. 

To protect against malicious behaviour and threats, platform oversight, a stricter moderation system for uploaded content, and advanced threat detection tools are not optional—they are essential. 

Furthermore, the player can also play a crucial role by verifying download sources, avoiding unofficial links, and keeping up to date with emerging cyber risks before attempting to install any new titles or mods.

In the end, the strongest defence is a higher level of awareness. It is no secret that video games have grown into a global industry of power and necessity, but the cybersecurity within it also needs to grow in equal measure. 

Vigilance, along with proactive security practices, can keep the excitement of new releases and the creative spirit of the community alive without becoming a gateway for exploitation. Keeping this delicate balance between innovation and protection, the future of safe gaming depends on making every click informed.

Salesforce Refuses to Pay Extortion Demand After Alleged Theft of Nearly One Billion Records




Salesforce has confirmed it will not pay a ransom to an extortion group that claims to have stolen close to one billion records belonging to several of its customers. The company stated that it will not enter negotiations or make payments to any threat actor, reaffirming its policy of non-engagement with cybercriminals.


Extortion Group Claims to Have Breached Dozens of Salesforce Customers

The group behind the alleged theft calls itself “Scattered LAPSUS$ Hunters”, a name that appears to blend identities from three notorious cyber-extortion collectives: Scattered Spider, LAPSUS$, and ShinyHunters. Cybersecurity firm Mandiant, owned by Google, has been tracking this activity under the identifier UNC6040, though analysts say the group’s exact origins and membership remain unconfirmed.

According to Mandiant’s June report, the campaign began in May, when attackers used voice-based social engineering, or “vishing,” to trick employees at several organizations using Salesforce’s platform. Pretending to represent technical support teams, the callers persuaded employees to connect an attacker-controlled application to their company’s Salesforce environment. Once integrated, the app provided unauthorized access to stored customer data.

Security researchers described the tactic as simple but highly effective, since it relies on human trust rather than exploiting software vulnerabilities. Several organizations unknowingly granted the attackers access, enabling them to exfiltrate vast amounts of data.

Earlier this month, the extortionists created a leak site listing approximately 40 affected Salesforce customers, including large global firms. The site claimed that 989.45 million records had been compromised and demanded that Salesforce begin ransom negotiations “or all your customers’ data will be leaked.” The attackers added that if Salesforce agreed to pay, other victim companies would not be required to do so individually.

Salesforce, however, made its position clear. In a statement to media outlets, a company spokesperson said, “Salesforce will not engage, negotiate with, or pay any extortion demand.” The company also informed customers via email that it had received credible intelligence about plans by ShinyHunters to release the stolen data publicly, but it would still not yield to any ransom demand.


Broader Concerns Over Ransomware Economics

The incident adds to a growing global debate over ransom payments. Analysts say extortion and ransomware attacks persist largely because organizations continue to pay. According to Deepstrike Security, global ransom payments in 2024 reached $813 million, a decline from $1.1 billion in 2023 but still a major incentive for criminal groups.

Experts such as independent security researcher Kevin Beaumont have repeatedly criticized the practice of paying ransoms, arguing that it directly funds organized crime and perpetuates the cycle of attacks. Beaumont noted that while law enforcement agencies like the UK’s National Crime Agency (NCA) publicly discourage payments, some companies still proceed with negotiations, sometimes even with NCA representatives present.


Risks and Lessons for Organizations

Data stolen from cloud-based platforms like Salesforce may include customer identifiers, contact details, transaction histories, and other business records. Even without financial information, such data can be weaponized in phishing, identity theft, or fraud campaigns.

Security professionals advise all organizations using cloud platforms to implement multi-factor authentication, enforce least-privilege access controls, and review all third-party applications connected to their systems. Employees should be trained to verify unexpected support calls or administrative requests through official channels before granting access.

The Salesforce case underscores the growing sophistication of social engineering attacks targeting major enterprise platforms. As digital ecosystems expand, cybercriminals are increasingly exploiting human error rather than software flaws. Salesforce’s refusal to pay marks a firm stance in an era when ransom-driven extortion continues to dominate the threat landscape, sending a strong message to both the cybersecurity community and the attackers themselves.



Red Hat Data Breach Deepens as Extortion Attempts Surface

 



The cybersecurity breach at enterprise software provider Red Hat has intensified after the hacking collective known as ShinyHunters joined an ongoing extortion attempt initially launched by another group called Crimson Collective.

Last week, Crimson Collective claimed responsibility for infiltrating Red Hat’s internal GitLab environment, alleging the theft of nearly 570GB of compressed data from around 28,000 repositories. The stolen files reportedly include over 800 Customer Engagement Reports (CERs), which often contain detailed insights into client systems, networks, and infrastructures.

Red Hat later confirmed that the affected system was a GitLab instance used exclusively by Red Hat Consulting for managing client engagements. The company stated that the breach did not impact its broader product or enterprise environments and that it has isolated the compromised system while continuing its investigation.

The situation escalated when the ShinyHunters group appeared to collaborate with Crimson Collective. A new listing targeting Red Hat was published on the recently launched ShinyHunters data leak portal, threatening to publicly release the stolen data if the company failed to negotiate a ransom by October 10.

As part of their extortion campaign, the attackers published samples of the stolen CERs that allegedly reference organizations such as banks, technology firms, and government agencies. However, these claims remain unverified, and Red Hat has not yet issued a response regarding this new development.

Cybersecurity researchers note that ShinyHunters has increasingly been linked to what they describe as an extortion-as-a-service model. In such operations, the group partners with other cybercriminals to manage extortion campaigns in exchange for a percentage of the ransom. The same tactic has reportedly been seen in recent incidents involving multiple corporations, where different attackers used the ShinyHunters name to pressure victims.

Experts warn that if the leaked CERs are genuine, they could expose critical technical data, potentially increasing risks for Red Hat’s clients. Organizations mentioned in the samples are advised to review their system configurations, reset credentials, and closely monitor for unusual activity until further confirmation is available.

This incident underscores the growing trend of collaborative cyber extortion, where data brokers, ransomware operators, and leak-site administrators coordinate efforts to maximize pressure on corporate victims. Investigations into the Red Hat breach remain ongoing, and updates will depend on official statements from the company and law enforcement agencies.


Paying Ransom Does Not Guarantee Data Restoration: Report


A new report claims that smaller firms continue to face dangers in the digital domain, as ransomware threats persistently target organizations. Hiscox’s Cyber Readiness Report surveyed 6,000 businesses, and over 59% report they have been hit by a cyber attack in the last year.  

Financial losses were a major factor; most organizations reported operational failures, reputation damage, and staff losses. “Outdated operating systems and applications often contain security vulnerabilities that cyber attackers can exploit. Even with robust defenses, there is always a risk of data loss or ransomware attacks,” the report said.

Problems with ransomware payments

Ransomware is the topmost problem; the survey suggests that around 27% of respondents suffered damage, and 80% agreed to pay ransom. 

Despite the payments, recovery was not confirmed as only 60% could restore their data, while hackers asked for repayments again. The reports highlight that paying the ransom to hackers doesn’t ensure data recovery and can even lead to further extortion. 

Transparency needed

There is an urgent need for transparency, as 71% respondents agreed that companies should disclose ransom payments and the money paid. Hiscox found that gangs are targeting sensitive data like executive emails, financial information, and contracts.

The report notes that criminal groups are increasingly targeting sensitive business data such as contracts, executive emails, and financial information. "Cyber criminals are now much more focused on stealing sensitive business data. Once stolen, they demand payment…pricing threats based on reputational damage,” the report said. This shift has exposed gaps in businesses’ data loss prevention measures that criminals exploit easily.  

AI threat

Respondents also said they experienced AI-related incidents, where threat actors exploited AI flaws such as deepfakes and vulnerabilities in third-party AI apps. Around 65% still perceive AI as an opportunity rather than a threat. The report highlights new risks that business leaders may not fully understand yet. 

According to the report, “Even with robust defenses, there is always a risk of data loss or ransomware attacks. Frequent, secure back-ups – stored either offline or in the cloud – ensure that businesses can recover quickly if the worst happens.”

AI Turns Personal: Criminals Now Cloning Loved Ones to Steal Money, Warns Police

 



Police forces in the United Kingdom are alerting the public to a surge in online fraud cases, warning that criminals are now exploiting artificial intelligence and deepfake technology to impersonate relatives, friends, and even public figures. The warning, issued by West Mercia Police, stresses upon how technology is being used to deceive people into sharing sensitive information or transferring money.

According to the force’s Economic Crime Unit, criminals are constantly developing new strategies to exploit internet users. With the rapid evolution of AI, scams are becoming more convincing and harder to detect. To help people stay informed, officers have shared a list of common fraud-related terms and explained how each method works.

One of the most alarming developments is the use of AI-generated deepfakes, realistic videos or voice clips that make it appear as if a known person is speaking. These are often used in romance scams, investment frauds, or emotional blackmail schemes to gain a victim’s trust before asking for money.

Another growing threat is keylogging, where fraudsters trick victims into downloading malicious software that secretly records every keystroke. This allows criminals to steal passwords, banking details, and other private information. The software is often installed through fake links or phishing emails that look legitimate.

Account takeover, or ATO, remains one of the most common types of identity theft. Once scammers access an individual’s online account, they can change login credentials, reset security settings, and impersonate the victim to access bank or credit card information.

Police also warned about SIM swapping, a method in which criminals gather personal details from social media or scam calls and use them to convince mobile providers to transfer a victim’s number to a new SIM card. This gives the fraudster control over the victim’s messages and verification codes, making it easier to access online accounts.

Other scams include courier fraud, where offenders pose as police officers or bank representatives and instruct victims to withdraw money or purchase expensive goods. A “courier” then collects the items directly from the victim’s home. In many cases, scammers even ask for bank cards and PIN numbers.

The force’s notice also included reminders about malware and ransomware, malicious programs that can steal or lock files. Criminals may also encourage victims to install legitimate-looking remote access tools such as AnyDesk, allowing them full control of a victim’s device.

Additionally, spoofing — the act of disguising phone numbers, email addresses, or website links to appear genuine, continues to deceive users. Fraudsters often combine spoofing with AI to make fake communication appear even more authentic.

Police advise the public to remain vigilant, verify any unusual requests, and avoid clicking on suspicious links. Anyone seeking more information or help can visit trusted resources such as Action Fraud or Get Safe Online, which provide updates on current scams and guidance on reporting cybercrime.



Medusa Ransomware Gang Offers BBC Reporter Millions for Inside Hack Access

 

A ransomware operation claiming affiliation with the Medusa gang attempted to recruit BBC cybersecurity correspondent Joe Tidy as an insider threat, offering him substantial financial incentives in exchange for access to the broadcaster's systems. 

The threat actor, using the alias "Syndicate" (later shortened to "Syn"), contacted Tidy in July via the encrypted messaging app Signal, proposing an arrangement that would give him a percentage of the ransom proceeds. The initial proposition involved offering Tidy 15% of any ransom payment if he provided access to his work laptop and BBC systems. 

The cybercriminals planned to infiltrate the organization's network, exfiltrate sensitive data, and demand payment in cryptocurrency while threatening to release stolen information. As negotiations continued, Syn increased the offer to 25%, suggesting the total ransom demand could reach tens of millions of dollars and claiming Tidy "wouldn't need to work ever again".

To establish credibility, the threat actor offered 0.5 Bitcoin (approximately $55,000) as an upfront trust payment through escrow on a hacker forum. Syn referenced previous successful insider recruitment operations, citing cases involving a UK healthcare company and a US emergency services provider, suggesting such collaborations were common in their operations.

The Medusa ransomware operation has operated since January 2021 and evolved from a closed operation to a ransomware-as-a-service model with affiliates. According to a March report from CISA, the gang has compromised over 300 critical infrastructure organizations in the United States. The operation's core developers recruit initial access brokers through cybercrime forums and darknet marketplaces while maintaining central control over ransom negotiations.

Tidy, who reports on cybersecurity topics, believes the attackers likely mistook him for a technical employee with elevated system privileges rather than a journalist. After consulting with BBC editors, he engaged with the threat actor to gather intelligence on their methods. When Tidy delayed responding to their demands, the criminals launched an MFA bombing attack, flooding his phone with two-factor authentication requests in an attempt to force approval of a malicious login.

The journalist promptly contacted BBC's information security team and was disconnected from the organization's infrastructure as a precautionary measure. Following several days of silence from Tidy, the alleged Medusa representative deleted their Signal account.

Akira Ransomware Breaches Networks in Under Four Hours via SonicWall VPN Exploit

 

Akira ransomware affiliates need less than four hours to breach organizations and launch attacks, according to researchers at Arctic Wolf. The group is exploiting stolen SonicWall SSL VPN credentials and has reportedly found ways to bypass multi-factor authentication (MFA).

Once inside, attackers quickly begin scanning networks to identify services and weak accounts. They leverage Impacket to establish SMB sessions, use RDP for lateral movement, and eventually target Domain Controllers, virtual machine storage, and backups. Additional accounts, including domain accounts, are created to install remote monitoring and management (RMM) tools and enable data theft. The process also includes establishing command-and-control channels, exfiltrating sensitive data, disabling legitimate RMM and EDR tools, deleting shadow copies and event logs, and using WinRAR with rclone or FileZilla for data transfers. The attack culminates with the deployment of Akira ransomware.

Akira activity has been rising since July 2025. Early reports suggested a SonicWall zero-day exploit, but investigations revealed attackers were abusing CVE-2024-40766, an improper access control flaw in SonicWall SonicOS management access and SSL VPN. Though SonicWall released a patch in August 2024, some organizations failed to reset SSL VPN passwords after upgrading from Gen 6 to Gen 7 firewalls, leaving them exposed.

Experts believe that attackers harvested privileged account credentials months earlier and are now reusing them against organizations that patched but never rotated passwords. Rapid7 also identified other weaknesses being exploited, including misconfigured SSLVPN Default User Group settings and the externally exposed Virtual Office Portal, which attackers use to configure OTP MFA on compromised accounts.

“In our investigation, we observed repeated malicious SSL VPN logins on accounts with OTP MFA enabled, ruling out scratch code usage in those cases. We also found no signs of malicious use of the compromised accounts prior to SSL VPN login (event ID 1080), nor did we observe unauthorized OTP unbinding events or other malicious configuration changes (event ID 1382) in the five days leading up to the intrusions,” Arctic Wolf researchers stated.

“Taken together, the evidence points to the use of valid credentials rather than modification of OTP configuration, though the exact method of authenticating against MFA-enabled accounts remains unclear.”

So far, victim organizations span multiple industries and sizes, indicating opportunistic targeting rather than focused campaigns. Researchers emphasize that the minimal time between breach and ransomware execution makes early detection and rapid response essential.

Defensive Measures

Arctic Wolf recommends organizations take the following steps:
  • Monitor or block logins originating from VPS hosting providers.
  • Watch for abnormal SMB and LDAP activity linked to Impacket and discovery tools.
  • Detect unusual execution of scanning and archival utilities on servers.
  • Leverage App Control for Business to restrict unauthorized remote tools and block execution from untrusted paths.
“If your SonicWall devices have previously run firmware versions vulnerable to CVE-2024-40766, we strongly recommend resetting all credentials stored on the firewall, including SSL VPN passwords and OTP MFA secrets,” Arctic Wolf advised. “This includes both local firewall accounts and LDAP-synchronised Active Directory accounts, especially where accounts have access to SSL VPN. Threat actors are abusing these credentials even when devices are fully patched, suggesting that credential theft may have occurred earlier in the lifecycle.”

Teens Arrested Over Scattered Spider’s $115M Hacking Spree

 

Law enforcement authorities in the United States and United Kingdom have arrested two teenagers connected to the notorious Scattered Spider hacking collective, charging them with executing an extensive cybercrime operation that netted over $115 million in ransom payments.

The UK's National Crime Agency arrested 19-year-old Thalha Jubair of East London and 18-year-old Owen Flowers of Walsall, West Midlands, at their homes on Tuesday. Both suspects appeared in London court on Thursday to face charges related to their alleged involvement in a cyberattack against Transport for London (TfL) in August 2024 .

Scale of criminal activity

The US Justice Department has charged Jubair with participating in at least 120 computer network intrusions and extortion attempts targeting 47 US organizations from May 2022 to September 2025. Federal authorities allege these attacks caused victims to pay more than $115 million in ransom payments, with the malicious activities causing significant disruptions to US enterprises, critical infrastructure, and the federal judicial system.

Timeline of offenses

Investigators believe Jubair began his cybercriminal activities at age 14, with the hacking spree spanning from 2022 until last month. Flowers was initially arrested in September 2024 for the TfL attack but was released on bail before being rearrested l. Both suspects had previously been detained in July for data theft incidents targeting UK retailers including Marks & Spencer, Harrods, and Co-op Group.

Scattered Spider distinguishes itself from other cybercriminal organizations through the notably young age of its members and their English-speaking proficiency. The group employs sophisticated social engineering tactics, frequently impersonating IT support personnel to deceive employees into revealing passwords or installing remote access software. Their attacks have disrupted major organizations including MGM Resorts and Caesars Entertainment in Las Vegas during 2023.

Legal consequences 

Jubair faces multiple charges related to computer fraud and money laundering, with prosecutors indicating he could receive a maximum sentence of 95 years in prison if convicted. Investigators linked the breaches to Jubair through evidence showing he managed servers hosting cryptocurrency wallets used for receiving ransom payments. 

Flowers faces additional charges for conspiring to infiltrate and damage networks of US healthcare companies SSM Health Care Corporation and Sutter Health.