Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are widely trusted for protecting online privacy, bypassing regional restrictions, and securing sensitive data. However, new research has uncovered serious flaws in some VPN protocols, exposing millions of systems to potential cyberattacks.
A study by Top10VPN, conducted in collaboration with cybersecurity expert Mathy Vanhoef, highlights these alarming issues. The research, set to be presented at the USENIX 2025 Conference, reveals vulnerabilities in VPN tunnelling protocols affecting over 4 million systems worldwide. Impacted systems include:
Tunneling protocols are essential mechanisms that encrypt and protect data as it travels between a user and a VPN server. However, the study identified critical weaknesses in specific protocols, including:
These vulnerabilities allow attackers to bypass security measures by sending manipulated data packets through the affected protocols, enabling unauthorized access and a range of malicious activities, such as:
Advanced encryption tools like IPsec and WireGuard play a crucial role in safeguarding data. These technologies provide strong end-to-end encryption, ensuring data is decoded only by the intended server. This added security layer prevents hackers from exploiting weak points in VPN systems.
The vulnerabilities are not confined to specific regions. They predominantly affect servers and services in the following countries:
Both individual users and large organizations are impacted, emphasizing the need for vigilance and regular updates.
To enhance VPN security, consider these steps:
This research serves as a critical reminder: while VPNs are designed to protect privacy, they are not immune to flaws. Users must remain proactive, prioritize robust security features, and stay informed about emerging vulnerabilities.
By taking these precautions, both individuals and organizations can significantly reduce the risks associated with these newly discovered VPN flaws. Remember, no tool is entirely foolproof — staying informed is the key to online safety.
One other consideration a business would use to evaluate communications solutions would be the choice between a fixed VoIP number and non-fixed VoIP number. The former costs more money and is associated with complexities in the setting up process. It still possesses some benefits that an organisation needs to operate, however.
Advantages of Fixed VoIP Number
1. Trustworthiness
Tied to a physical address, the fixed VoIP number adds more credence to the business. As compared to the non-fixed VoIP numbers mainly targeted by scammers, fixed numbers are useful in the promotion of greater customer checks on the authenticity of the company, especially for those firms handling regulated sectors like finance, wherein building trust with customers can be very hard.
2. Security
Fixed VoIP numbers guarantee security because they connect directly to a registered address. Non-fixed numbers are accessed from any internet connection; therefore, the chance of being misused rises. When dealing with sensitive information companies, the fixed VoIP number extra layer security is an added guarantee against such attacks as data breaches.
3. Easier Compliance with Regulations
As in other heavily regulated industries, including finance and healthcare, emergency response also relies on location data accuracy. Fixed VoIP numbers help businesses easily comply with all the requirements, making the cost of compliance low and administrative burdens low.
4. Business Professional Image
With a fixed VoIP number, it is easier to present a stable and established impression. A fixed number helps companies look less like a temporary operation. This can be particularly important for small businesses looking to establish authority and trust in their market.
5. Greater Control for Administrators
Fixed VoIP numbers can guarantee better control over caller IDs and databases over caller names to enable businesses to ensure that their identity is consistent on all calls. The need for maintaining a professional brand image and having precise control over how the business presents itself to clients and partners is very important.
6. Support for Emergency Services
Exact location is a must-have in emergencies. Fixed VoIP numbers provide accurate location information, and this makes it possible to have a quicker response time in cases of crises. This is missing for non-fixed numbers; therefore, fixed VoIP is very useful for industries whose data on location can be termed as a matter of life or death.
Drawbacks of Fixed VoIP Numbers
1. More Costly
Fixed VoIP numbers also require relatively high setup and subscription fees in addition to the expense of address verification for higher-security access. For companies catering to overseas clients, fixed VoIP numbers frequently translate to costlier long-distance calls-however, non-fixed numbers represent a saving grace.
2. Complex Porting Procedure
The transfer of a fixed VoIP number from one place to another can be quite hectic, especially for growing businesses and those changing locations. This is because the porting process is very slow, leaving behind the inflexibility required by the businesses in such cases.
3. Slower Setup
It takes more time to set up a fixed VoIP number as against the prompt setting up for non-fixed numbers. Verification of the physical address and more regulatory compliance requirements extend the time taken to set up, making it inconvenient for businesses that need to access immediately.
4. Geographic Limitations
The fixed VoIP numbers are directly associated with a specific location, hence quite limiting to access the business market. Some clients might be sceptical about communicating with a company that they view as "not local," which may hinder outreach and expansion in areas beyond the business's core location.
Selection Between Fixed and Non-Fixed VoIP Numbers
Depending on the priorities of the business, a fixed VoIP number can be selected. Organisations that require greater security, credibility, and adherence to regulations can invest in fixed VoIP numbers. When cost efficiency and flexibility top the list, then non-fixed numbers are a better option for them.
India, with rapid digital growth and reliance on technology, is in the hit list of cybercriminals. As one of the world's biggest economies, the country poses a distinct digital threat that cyber-crooks might exploit due to security holes in businesses, institutions, and personal users.
India recently saw a 51 percent surge in ransomware attacks in 2023 according to the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, or CERT-In. Small and medium-sized businesses have been an especially vulnerable target, with more than 300 small banks being forced to close briefly in July after falling prey to a ransomware attack. For millions of Indians using digital banking for daily purchases and payments, such glitches underscore the need for further improvement in cybersecurity measures. A report from Kaspersky shows that 53% of SMBs operating in India have experienced the incidents of ransomware up till now this year, with more than 559 million cases being reported over just two months, starting from April and May this year.
Cyber Thugs are not only locking computers in businesses but extending attacks to individuals, even if it is personal electronic gadgets, stealing sensitive and highly confidential information. A well-organised group of attacks in the wave includes Mallox, RansomHub, LockBit, Kill Security, and ARCrypter. Such entities take advantage of Indian infrastructure weaknesses and focus on ransomware-as-a-service platforms that support Microsoft SQL databases. Recovery costs for affected organisations usually exceeded ₹11 crore and averaged ₹40 crore per incident in India, according to estimates for 2023. The financial sector, in particular the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI), has been attacked very dearly, and it is crystal clear that there is an imperative need to strengthen the digital financial framework of India.
Cyber Defence Through AI
Indian organisations are now employing AI to fortify their digital defence. AI-based tools process enormous data in real time and report anomalies much more speedily than any manual system. From financial to healthcare sectors, high-security risks make AI become more integral in cybersecurity strategies in the sector. Lenovo's recent AI-enabled security initiatives exemplify how the technology has become mainstream with 71% of retailers in India adopting or planning to adopt AI-powered security.
As India pushes forward on its digital agenda, the threat of ransomware cannot be taken lightly. It will require intimate collaboration between government and private entities, investment in education in AI and cybersecurity, as well as creating safer environments for digital existence. For this, the government Cyber Commando initiative promises forward movement, but collective endeavours will be crucial to safeguarding India's burgeoning digital economy.
Google is introducing new high-level theft protection features for Android 10 and above devices across Google Play services. The new technologies were announced at the I/O 2024 event, with the main idea being to protect users' data and make possible recovery of the device in case it has been stolen. Read the breakdown of these new tools and how they work.
How to Get Theft Protection on Android
Features can be turned on in the Settings app by using the phrase "Theft protection" or in the "Personal & device safety" section, found under the "All services" tab of the new Google services page. These three Theft Protection built-ins, writes the Theft Protection webpage, safeguard personal data if one's device is stolen.
Theft Detection Lock
The first one identifies unusual movement through the combination of sensors, Wi-Fi and smart device connectivity. If some person grabs an unlocked phone and runs away, Theft Detection Lock will automatically lock the screen so that no one can thereafter access private information.
Offline Device Lock
The second feature delivers security when there is no internet connection available. When someone attempts to lock tracking by turning off the internet on the device, this lock will have some conditions triggered, because the device was unlocked and in operation. The screen may be locked up to two times a day through this feature, adding protection to users in the case of theft.
Remote Lock via Website
Remote Lock lets one lock their device from elsewhere using the webpage android.com/lock once a device is stolen. At this point, users are simply required to input a confirmed number and security challenge to lock the phone. It is at this point that Google advises users to use the feature on the device of a trusted person to access the lock screen easily. In many cases, it is said to work faster than "Find My Device".
Limited Testing and Availability
First tested in Brazil in early this year, these theft protection tools have begun rolling out to Android users around the world in lots of different brands including Pixel and Samsung. These features are still found on the beta version of Google Play services (24.40.33) and should reach the stable version soon.
New Theft Protection features from Google mark the advancement of device protection, especially for those whose main fears are stolen devices. As this comes up, users are strongly advised to turn to their settings to help make their devices safer than ever.
In these updates, it becomes clear that Google is doing its best to stay ahead of possible data losses and to minimise the effects brought about by theft incidents in a very digital age.
In addition to this, hackers obtained routing numbers, bank names, financial account details, and some biometric data. A total of 123,882 people were affected by the breach, which resulted in the clinic taking its servers offline.
Local reports suggested the incident was a ransomware attack, sparking public frustration as Mālama was forced to close for nearly two weeks. Upon reopening at the end of May, the clinic operated with limited services, and nurses had to rely on paper charts due to system-wide computer outages.
Following the attack, Mālama worked with law enforcement and cybersecurity experts to investigate the breach, with the findings confirmed on August 7.
In a statement on its website, the clinic offered complimentary credit monitoring to those whose Social Security numbers may have been exposed, although a regulatory filing in Maine indicated that identity theft protection services were not provided. The organization has not responded to requests for clarification, and a law firm is reportedly exploring potential lawsuits against Mālama related to the breach.
The ransomware group LockBit, which was taken down by law enforcement earlier this year, claimed responsibility for the attack in June. On Tuesday, Europol and other agencies announced a coordinated effort to target the gang, resulting in four arrests and the seizure of servers critical to LockBit's operations in France, the U.K., and Spain.
In 2024, healthcare providers across the U.S. have been increasingly targeted by cyberattacks, disrupting services and threatening public safety. Notably, McLaren Health Care and Ascension, two major health systems, have faced severe ransomware incidents, and last week, one of the region's only Level 1 trauma centers had to turn away ambulances following a cyberattack.
In its efforts to better its cloud security, Microsoft has done much to remove any potential vulnerabilities and tightened the process of authenticating individuals. This comes after the tech giant saw several security breaches within the past year. Under the Secure Future Initiative launched in November 2023, Microsoft has so far purged 730,000 unused applications and deactivated 5.75 million inactive tenants in its cloud system. The initiative has been a direct response to cyber intrusions that had resulted in the revelation of sensitive data.
The firm has sought to minimise its attack surface by identifying dead or idle areas of its cloud infrastructure and is working to eliminate them. Removing hundreds of thousands of applications and millions of unused tenants works at making Microsoft shrink down the possible avenues the hackers may employ to penetrate it. Furthermore, Microsoft has sought to make the software production environment more secure by equipping the software teams with 15,000 locked-down devices. In its other security measure, the company conducted video-based identity verification for 95 percent of its production staff for further security in the identity authentication process.
Cybersecurity is one aspect where Microsoft has improved much. For instance, the identity management systems for its Entra ID and Microsoft Account (MSA) platforms have been remarkably enhanced.
These updates target better generation, storage, and rotation of access token signing keys as means to advance the protection of the public and government cloud environments. This is partly because of an incident in 2023, when hacking group Storm-0558 from China successfully accessed Exchange Online systems and penetrated the private email accounts of dozens of state officials.
The SFI project is the most ambitious cybersecurity effort Microsoft has undertaken to date, providing 34,000 engineers dedicated to bulking up the company's defences. It focuses mainly on six critical areas: identity and access control, securing cloud tenants and production systems, strengthening engineering systems, improving network security, enhancing threat detection, and perfecting incident response. By doing all of these broad strokes, the likelihood of any future breach of this scale is reduced.
Analysis by the US Department of Homeland Security's Cyber Safety Review Board had shown that a succession of security lapses at the company allowed these breaches. The inquiry, focused on the Storm-0558 intrusion, had asserted that it was time for Microsoft to strengthen its security posture, which primarily revolved around identity and authentication processes. Based on this, the company has moved very quickly to shore up weaknesses and prevent something similar from happening in the future.
Microsoft says it made strides in several areas in the latest report on SFI.
Unused applications and tenants removed reduce cloud attack surface. In network security, the firm now maintains a central inventory for more than 99% of physical assets, providing greater oversight.
Virtual networks with back-end connectivity are isolated from the corporate networks, which in turn is subjected to even more rigorous security audits. Centralised pipeline templates accounting for 85% of the production builds have been so far a part of the security. Personal access tokens now also have a much shorter life. Proof-of-presence checks are also instituted at the most sensitive points of the software development pipeline.
Beyond the technical, there have been organisations which are aimed at ensuring the executives are held responsible for security outcomes. There have been those who tied senior leadership compensation to specific security goals and that the company's threat intelligence team reports directly to the Chief Information Security Officer. This is in the way that it gives the assurance that security is top of the agenda across the organisation.
The Microsoft Secure Future Initiative is a reflection of its attempt to learn from previous failures in the area of security and succeed further in the cloud environment. The company intends to secure itself and, by extension, its customers from future cyber-attacks by enforcing identity verification, reducing attack surfaces, and having a strong network as well as engineering security. Hence, through continuous actions, Microsoft aims to ensure that such instances-where confidential and sensitive data are leaked-would not recur in the future.
Data is more precious in today's digital world than ever. Companies are trying to collect as much as possible to sell it to third-party data brokers. Cybercrime is growing steadily and targeting unsuspecting victims. Addressing both issues is one of the reasons the more mindful browser, Brave, is integrating an array of features to keep data secure and private.
Another feature that differentiates Brave is that it has a built-in use of Brave Shields- the application engaged in blocking harmful elements that may track the behaviour of your browsing. In other types of browsers, users have to install third-party ad blockers. Brave Shields are installed directly in the browser and prevent intrusive ads and trackers from retrieving data regarding the activities you perform online.
It also solves a very common problem with ad blockers, which is that some websites break when the ads are blocked. To solve this issue, Brave replaces tracking codes with privacy-friendly alternatives while ensuring that the integrity of the webpage is maintained and your data is kept secure. As companies continue to devise new ways to hide trackers, Brave is countering this through CNAME uncloaking techniques by uncovering such hidden threats before they manage to collect data from you.
Blocking Cross-Site Cookies
Cookies are small files that download onto your computer, which track your surfing and, more often than not, targeted advertisements will follow you around the web. Cross-site cookies are blocked, by default, on Brave so websites cannot track movements from one site to the other. Brave provides temporary cookies for functionality, though without exposing any private data, for the occasional cookie-dependent website.
Phishing Protection with Google Safe Browsing
Though it puts much emphasis on privacy, Brave remembers security. It uses Google Safe Browsing, which won't enable a user to reach a phishing site or download harmful files. Being built upon Chromium, the same platform that Google Chrome runs on, Brave ensures users protection from known threats to their developers, hence making browsing safer.
While Google Safe Browsing is a service that compromises privacy within Google Chrome, it only serves Brave to block harmful websites without the collection of any personal data from browsing.
A Search Engine Respecting Your Privacy
Most search engines log your search history, accumulating information about the queries you made and selling that information to customise ads or even sell. In contrast, Brave Search does not collect, store, or share search queries when accessed through the browser. This is a completely private browser that does not believe in logging and selling your browsing habits. Additionally, Brave Search serves less biased results because it crawls the web itself rather than prioritising by SEO schemes or the behaviour of prior users.
Another advantage of Brave Search is that it can be utilised independently of the download of the Brave browser – so anyone can have private searches.
Inbuilt VPN and Firewall
It also has a built-in VPN and firewall from Brave, that's available on free trial for seven days, after which you can subscribe to it at $9.99 a month. This will ensure your activity is completely hidden from all the potential threats looking at you, and you won't let any malicious content get inside or leave your network. A VPN encrypts internet traffic so nobody can track your activity online, while the firewall keeps unwanted data from appearing in your system.
It's probably refreshing about Brave, considering it is committed to protecting personal data. Most companies have either policies or strategies that collect and sell a user's data. With Brave, what is striking is the no-sharing policy, full compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and as such, all users' benefit from strong data protection law, irrespective of their region.
For people who place importance on privacy and safety, Brave is a full answer. This is because the provider separates itself from the rest of the browsers by its focus on protecting the user from risks connected with the misuse of data or cybercrime through features like Brave Shields, cross-site cookie blocking, private search options, and built-in VPN and firewall services. These have extended to ensure that your web experience remains secure and private; from stopping trackers, malicious websites, and unwanted ads.
Transport for London (TfL) recently confirmed that disabled passengers are the first group to feel the effects of a cyberattack that has hit their systems. This incident has severely impacted the Dial-a-Ride service, a specialised transport service designed for wheelchair users and individuals with long-term disabilities, leaving many unable to book their necessary door-to-door journeys.
TfL, the organisation responsible for managing London’s public transport network, initially acknowledged a cyber incident on September 2. In their first public statement, TfL reassured customers that no personal data had been compromised, and transport services across the network were unaffected. However, in the days following, it became clear that the cyberattack has caused more disruption than initially reported, particularly for disabled passengers who rely heavily on the Dial-a-Ride service.
The Dial-a-Ride service, which offers free transport for disabled passengers, was forced to suspend new bookings due to the ongoing cybersecurity incident. A recent update from TfL confirmed that the system is unable to process any new journey requests, inconveniencing those who depend on this service for mobility. In addition to suspending bookings, TfL also reported that many staff members operating the service have limited access to critical systems, making it difficult for them to respond to user inquiries or manage ongoing services efficiently.
For many disabled residents, Dial-a-Ride is a crucial service for daily travel. Without it, those with limited mobility are left without a reliable option to get around the city, exacerbating the challenges they already face in navigating public transportation.
Ransomware Likely Cause of the Attack
Although the full details of the cyberattack have not yet been disclosed, cybersecurity experts believe it may be a ransomware attack, a type of cybercrime where systems are locked down by hackers who demand payment in exchange for restoring access. The limited system access reported by TfL employees suggests that hackers may have taken control of essential systems, preventing the organisation from operating key services like Dial-a-Ride.
Mark Robertson, an expert from Acumen Cyber, noted that the involvement of Dial-a-Ride indicates the attack may be more serious than originally thought. He emphasised that being locked out of key systems is a common effect of ransomware, further hinting at the nature of the incident. However, he commended TfL for its incident response efforts, which have helped to manage the crisis and minimise further damage.
Despite the disruption, there has been some good news for Dial-a-Ride users. Following internal recovery measures, TfL announced that essential booking requests are now being accepted once again. Though services remain limited, there is optimism that the situation will continue to improve as the day progresses.
As TfL continues to address the issue, it serves as a reminder that cyberattacks can have far-reaching impacts, particularly on vulnerable populations such as disabled individuals who rely on services like Dial-a-Ride for their daily mobility needs. TfL’s handling of this situation will likely set an example for other organisations on how to manage similar incidents in the future.
There is a pressing need for both strong cyber defences and detailed response plans to minimise the fallout from these types of attacks.
A recent case has highlighted that ransomware threats can sometimes come from within an organisation. Daniel Rhyne, a 57-year-old IT administrator from Kansas City, Missouri, has been accused of holding his own company hostage by locking down their systems and demanding a ransom to restore access.
The incident occurred in November last year when Rhyne was employed at an industrial company based in Somerset County, New Jersey. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Rhyne allegedly took control of the company’s network by resetting the passwords of network administrator accounts as well as those of hundreds of employees. He then proceeded to delete critical backups and locked out both servers and workstations, crippling the organisation’s operations.
An hour after initiating the attack, Rhyne allegedly sent an email to the company's employees informing them of the situation and demanding a ransom in exchange for unlocking the systems. The FBI claims this was an attempt at extortion, with Rhyne threatening further damage if his demands were not met.
Rhyne’s actions were investigated by the FBI, and he has been charged with multiple counts, including extortion, intentional damage to a protected computer, and wire fraud. Should he be convicted of all charges, he faces up to 35 years in prison and a $500,000 fine, as reported by The Register.
Several pieces of evidence were gathered by the FBI to support their case against Rhyne. For instance, he allegedly used a tool known as PsPasswd, a Windows Sysinternals utility, to reset user passwords. The new password set for the accounts was "TheFr0zenCrew!", a telling detail that investigators believe connects him directly to the attack. Rhyne also reportedly kept a hidden virtual machine (VM) on his company-issued laptop, allowing him to maintain remote access to the network's administrative controls.
Adding to the case, the FBI noted that Rhyne's digital activities prior to the attack were suspicious. He allegedly used his work laptop to search for ways to alter administrator passwords via command-line tools, which are often used by IT professionals to manage networks remotely. Investigators claim that on the day of the attack, Rhyne was seen logging into his work laptop, conducting these searches, and reviewing company password spreadsheets while also accessing the hidden VM.
The fact that he used his company-issued laptop to perform these actions leaves a strong digital trail linking him to the crime. The FBI’s detailed investigation paints a clear picture of how the attack was executed, utilising common IT tools to gain unauthorised control over the company’s systems.
If Rhyne is found guilty, his actions could serve as a warning to organisations about the potential for internal threats. It highlights the need for companies to have strong security protocols in place, not just to defend against external hackers but also to safeguard against malicious insiders who have privileged access to sensitive systems.
This case illustrates how cyberattacks are evolving and how attackers, even those within the organisation, can exploit their knowledge and access to launch devastating attacks. Organisations must remain vigilant and continually monitor for suspicious behaviour, no matter the source, to protect their critical digital infrastructure.