Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) are widely trusted for protecting online privacy, bypassing regional restrictions, and securing sensitive data. However, new research has uncovered serious flaws in some VPN protocols, exposing millions of systems to potential cyberattacks.
A study by Top10VPN, conducted in collaboration with cybersecurity expert Mathy Vanhoef, highlights these alarming issues. The research, set to be presented at the USENIX 2025 Conference, reveals vulnerabilities in VPN tunnelling protocols affecting over 4 million systems worldwide. Impacted systems include:
Tunneling protocols are essential mechanisms that encrypt and protect data as it travels between a user and a VPN server. However, the study identified critical weaknesses in specific protocols, including:
These vulnerabilities allow attackers to bypass security measures by sending manipulated data packets through the affected protocols, enabling unauthorized access and a range of malicious activities, such as:
Advanced encryption tools like IPsec and WireGuard play a crucial role in safeguarding data. These technologies provide strong end-to-end encryption, ensuring data is decoded only by the intended server. This added security layer prevents hackers from exploiting weak points in VPN systems.
The vulnerabilities are not confined to specific regions. They predominantly affect servers and services in the following countries:
Both individual users and large organizations are impacted, emphasizing the need for vigilance and regular updates.
To enhance VPN security, consider these steps:
This research serves as a critical reminder: while VPNs are designed to protect privacy, they are not immune to flaws. Users must remain proactive, prioritize robust security features, and stay informed about emerging vulnerabilities.
By taking these precautions, both individuals and organizations can significantly reduce the risks associated with these newly discovered VPN flaws. Remember, no tool is entirely foolproof — staying informed is the key to online safety.
One other consideration a business would use to evaluate communications solutions would be the choice between a fixed VoIP number and non-fixed VoIP number. The former costs more money and is associated with complexities in the setting up process. It still possesses some benefits that an organisation needs to operate, however.
Advantages of Fixed VoIP Number
1. Trustworthiness
Tied to a physical address, the fixed VoIP number adds more credence to the business. As compared to the non-fixed VoIP numbers mainly targeted by scammers, fixed numbers are useful in the promotion of greater customer checks on the authenticity of the company, especially for those firms handling regulated sectors like finance, wherein building trust with customers can be very hard.
2. Security
Fixed VoIP numbers guarantee security because they connect directly to a registered address. Non-fixed numbers are accessed from any internet connection; therefore, the chance of being misused rises. When dealing with sensitive information companies, the fixed VoIP number extra layer security is an added guarantee against such attacks as data breaches.
3. Easier Compliance with Regulations
As in other heavily regulated industries, including finance and healthcare, emergency response also relies on location data accuracy. Fixed VoIP numbers help businesses easily comply with all the requirements, making the cost of compliance low and administrative burdens low.
4. Business Professional Image
With a fixed VoIP number, it is easier to present a stable and established impression. A fixed number helps companies look less like a temporary operation. This can be particularly important for small businesses looking to establish authority and trust in their market.
5. Greater Control for Administrators
Fixed VoIP numbers can guarantee better control over caller IDs and databases over caller names to enable businesses to ensure that their identity is consistent on all calls. The need for maintaining a professional brand image and having precise control over how the business presents itself to clients and partners is very important.
6. Support for Emergency Services
Exact location is a must-have in emergencies. Fixed VoIP numbers provide accurate location information, and this makes it possible to have a quicker response time in cases of crises. This is missing for non-fixed numbers; therefore, fixed VoIP is very useful for industries whose data on location can be termed as a matter of life or death.
Drawbacks of Fixed VoIP Numbers
1. More Costly
Fixed VoIP numbers also require relatively high setup and subscription fees in addition to the expense of address verification for higher-security access. For companies catering to overseas clients, fixed VoIP numbers frequently translate to costlier long-distance calls-however, non-fixed numbers represent a saving grace.
2. Complex Porting Procedure
The transfer of a fixed VoIP number from one place to another can be quite hectic, especially for growing businesses and those changing locations. This is because the porting process is very slow, leaving behind the inflexibility required by the businesses in such cases.
3. Slower Setup
It takes more time to set up a fixed VoIP number as against the prompt setting up for non-fixed numbers. Verification of the physical address and more regulatory compliance requirements extend the time taken to set up, making it inconvenient for businesses that need to access immediately.
4. Geographic Limitations
The fixed VoIP numbers are directly associated with a specific location, hence quite limiting to access the business market. Some clients might be sceptical about communicating with a company that they view as "not local," which may hinder outreach and expansion in areas beyond the business's core location.
Selection Between Fixed and Non-Fixed VoIP Numbers
Depending on the priorities of the business, a fixed VoIP number can be selected. Organisations that require greater security, credibility, and adherence to regulations can invest in fixed VoIP numbers. When cost efficiency and flexibility top the list, then non-fixed numbers are a better option for them.
India, with rapid digital growth and reliance on technology, is in the hit list of cybercriminals. As one of the world's biggest economies, the country poses a distinct digital threat that cyber-crooks might exploit due to security holes in businesses, institutions, and personal users.
India recently saw a 51 percent surge in ransomware attacks in 2023 according to the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, or CERT-In. Small and medium-sized businesses have been an especially vulnerable target, with more than 300 small banks being forced to close briefly in July after falling prey to a ransomware attack. For millions of Indians using digital banking for daily purchases and payments, such glitches underscore the need for further improvement in cybersecurity measures. A report from Kaspersky shows that 53% of SMBs operating in India have experienced the incidents of ransomware up till now this year, with more than 559 million cases being reported over just two months, starting from April and May this year.
Cyber Thugs are not only locking computers in businesses but extending attacks to individuals, even if it is personal electronic gadgets, stealing sensitive and highly confidential information. A well-organised group of attacks in the wave includes Mallox, RansomHub, LockBit, Kill Security, and ARCrypter. Such entities take advantage of Indian infrastructure weaknesses and focus on ransomware-as-a-service platforms that support Microsoft SQL databases. Recovery costs for affected organisations usually exceeded ₹11 crore and averaged ₹40 crore per incident in India, according to estimates for 2023. The financial sector, in particular the National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI), has been attacked very dearly, and it is crystal clear that there is an imperative need to strengthen the digital financial framework of India.
Cyber Defence Through AI
Indian organisations are now employing AI to fortify their digital defence. AI-based tools process enormous data in real time and report anomalies much more speedily than any manual system. From financial to healthcare sectors, high-security risks make AI become more integral in cybersecurity strategies in the sector. Lenovo's recent AI-enabled security initiatives exemplify how the technology has become mainstream with 71% of retailers in India adopting or planning to adopt AI-powered security.
As India pushes forward on its digital agenda, the threat of ransomware cannot be taken lightly. It will require intimate collaboration between government and private entities, investment in education in AI and cybersecurity, as well as creating safer environments for digital existence. For this, the government Cyber Commando initiative promises forward movement, but collective endeavours will be crucial to safeguarding India's burgeoning digital economy.