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Software Updates
AI Tool Antivirus Detection antivirus software cyber resilience Cyber Security CyberThreat EDR online threats Software Updates

Zero Trust Endpoint Security: The Future of Cyber Resilience

 

The evolution of cybersecurity has moved far beyond traditional antivirus software, which once served as the primary line of defense against online threats. Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) tools emerged as a solution to combat the limitations of antivirus programs, particularly in addressing advanced threats like malware. However, even EDR tools have significant weaknesses, as they often detect threats only after they have infiltrated a system. The need for a proactive, zero trust endpoint security solution has become more evident to combat evolving cyber threats effectively. 

Traditional antivirus software struggled to keep up with the rapid creation and distribution of new malware. As a result, EDR tools were developed to identify malicious activity based on behavior rather than known code signatures. These tools have since been enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI) for improved accuracy, automated incident responses to mitigate damage promptly, and managed detection services for expert oversight. Despite these advancements, EDR solutions still act only after malware is active, potentially allowing significant harm before mitigation occurs. 

Cybercriminals now use sophisticated techniques, including AI-driven malware, to bypass detection systems. Traditional EDR tools often fail to recognize such threats until they are running within an environment. This reactive approach highlights a critical flaw: the inability to prevent attacks before they execute. Consequently, organizations are increasingly adopting zero trust security strategies, emphasizing proactive measures to block unauthorized actions entirely. Zero trust endpoint security enforces strict controls across applications, user access, data, and network traffic. 

Unlike blocklisting, which permits all actions except those explicitly banned, application allowlisting ensures that only pre-approved software can operate within a system. This approach prevents both known and unknown threats from executing, offering a more robust defense against ransomware and other cyberattacks. ThreatLocker exemplifies a zero trust security platform designed to address these gaps. Its proactive tools, including application allowlisting, ringfencing to limit software privileges, and storage control to secure sensitive data, provide comprehensive protection. 

ThreatLocker Detect enhances this approach by alerting organizations to indicators of compromise, ensuring swift responses to emerging threats. A recent case study highlights the efficacy of ThreatLocker’s solutions. In January 2024, a ransomware gang attempted to breach a hospital’s network using stolen credentials. ThreatLocker’s allowlisting feature blocked the attackers from executing unauthorized software, while storage controls prevented data theft. Despite gaining initial access, the cybercriminals were unable to carry out their attack due to ThreatLocker’s proactive defenses. 

As cyber threats become more sophisticated, relying solely on detection-based tools like EDR is no longer sufficient. Proactive measures, such as those provided by ThreatLocker, represent the future of endpoint security, ensuring that organizations can prevent attacks before they occur and maintain robust defenses against evolving cyber risks.
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UMI
AI technology Apple CyberCrime Cyberhackers Cybermedia Cybersecurity CyberThreat iOS iPhone Users Privacy reboot Software Updates UMI

Reboot Revolution Protecting iPhone Users

 


Researchers at the University of Michigan (UMI) believe that Apple's new iPhone software has a novel security feature. It presents that the feature may automatically reboot the phone if it has been unlocked for 72 hours without being unlocked. 

As 404 Media reported later, a new technology called "inactivity reboot" was introduced in iOS 18.1, which forces devices to restart if their inactivity continues for more than a given period.  Aside from the Inactivity Reboot feature, Apple continues to enhance its security framework with additional features as part of its ongoing security enhancements. Stolen Data Protection is one of the features introduced in iOS 17.3. It allows the device to be protected against theft by requiring biometric authentication (Face ID or Touch ID) before allowing it to change key settings. 

There are various methods to ensure that a stolen device is unable to be reconfigured easily, including this extra layer of security. With the upcoming iOS 18.2 update, Apple intends to take advantage of a feature called Stolen Data Protection, which is set to be turned off by default to avoid confusing users. However, Apple plans to encourage users to enable it when setting up their devices or after a factory reset to maintain an optimal user experience. 

As a result, users will be able to have more control over the way their personal information is protected. Apple has quietly introduced a new feature to its latest iPhone update that makes it even harder for anyone to unlock a device without consent—whether they are thieves or law enforcement officers. With this inactivity reboot feature, Apple has made unlocking even more difficult for anyone. When an iPhone has been asleep or in lock mode for an extended period, a new feature is introduced with iOS 18.1 will automatically reboot it in addition to turning it off. 

A common problem with iPhones is that once they have been rebooted, they become more difficult to crack since either a passcode or biometric signature is required to unlock them. According to the terms of the agreement, the primary objective of this measure is to prevent thieves (or police officers) from hacking into smartphones and potentially accessing data on them. There is a new "inactivity reboot" feature included in iOS 18 that, according to experts who spoke to 404 Media, will restart the device after approximately four days of dormancy if no activity is made.

A confirmation of this statement was provided by Magnet Forensics' Christopher Vance in a law enforcement group chat as described in Magnet Forensics' Christopher Vance, who wrote that iOS 18.1 has a timer which runs out after a set amount of time, and the device then reboots, moving from an AFU (After First Unlock) state to a BFU (Before First Unlock) state at the end of this timer. According to 404 Media, it seems that the issue was discovered after officers from the Detroit Police Department found the feature while investigating a crime scene in Detroit, Michigan.

When officers were working on iPhones for forensic purposes in the course of their investigation, they noticed that they automatically rebooted themselves frequently, which made it more difficult for them to unlock and access the devices. As soon as the devices were disconnected from a cellular network for some time, the working theory was that the phones would reboot when they were no longer connected to the network.  

However, there are actually much simpler explanations that can be provided for this situation. The feature, which AppleInsider refers to as an inactivity reboot, is not based on the current network connection or the state of the battery on the phone, which are factors that may affect the reboot timer. The reboot typically occurs after a certain amount of time has elapsed -- somewhere around 96 hours in most cases.  Essentially, the function of this timer is identical to the Mac's hibernation mode, which is intended to put the computer to sleep as a precaution in case there is a power outage or the battery is suddenly discharged. 

During the BFU state of the iPhone, all data on the iPhone belongs to the user and is fully encrypted, and is nearly impossible for anyone to access, except a person who knows the user's passcode to be able to get into the device. However, when the phone is in a state known as "AFU", certain data can be extracted by some device forensic tools, even if the phone is locked, since it is unencrypted and is thus easier to access and extract.  

According to Tihmstar, an iPhone security researcher on TechCrunch, the iPhones in these two states are also known as "hot" devices or "cold" devices depending on their temperature.  As a result, Tihmstar was making a point to emphasize that the majority of forensic firms are focusing on "hot" devices in an AFU state as they can verify that the user entered the correct passcode in the iPhone's secure enclave at some point. A "cold" device, on the other hand, is considerably more difficult to compromise because its memory can not be easily accessed once the device restarts, so there is no easy way to compromise it.

The law enforcement community has consistently opposed and argued against new technology that Apple has implemented to enhance security, arguing that this is making their job more difficult. According to reports, in 2016, the FBI filed a lawsuit against Apple in an attempt to force the company to install a backdoor that would enable it to open a phone owned by a mass shooter. Azimuth Security, an Australian startup, ultimately assisted the FBI in gaining access to the phone through hacking. 

These developments highlight Apple’s ongoing commitment to prioritizing user privacy and data security, even as such measures draw criticism from law enforcement agencies. By introducing features like Inactivity Reboot and Stolen Data Protection, Apple continues to establish itself as a leader in safeguarding personal information against unauthorized access. 

These innovations underscore the broader debate between privacy advocates and authorities over the balance between individual rights and security imperatives in an increasingly digitized world.
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software vulnerabilities
ATM Cyber Security Cybersecurity measures cybersecurity vulnerability Encryption Software Updates software vulnerabilities

The Expanding PKfail Vulnerability in Secure Boot and Its Alarming Impact

 

The PKfail vulnerability in Secure Boot has grown into a far-reaching security threat, affecting thousands of devices across multiple sectors. Originally believed to be a limited issue, it arises from manufacturers releasing hardware with known compromised software, allowing unauthorized software to bypass Secure Boot encryption. Even after the initial leak of the Secure Boot encryption code in 2022, manufacturers continued to distribute devices with compromised security, and some even included warnings like “DO NOT TRUST” in the firmware. 

The original discovery indicated that devices from top manufacturers such as Dell, Acer, and Intel were compromised. However, recent investigations have expanded the list to include other major brands like Fujitsu, Supermicro, and niche producers like Beelink and Minisforum. Alarmingly, the list of impacted devices has grown to nearly four times its original size, now encompassing around a thousand models of laptops, desktops, and other x86-based hardware. What’s more concerning is that the PKfail vulnerability isn’t limited to standard consumer devices. It extends to enterprise servers, point-of-sale systems, gaming consoles, ATMs, and even medical and voting machines. 

These revelations indicate that the Secure Boot vulnerability has a much wider reach, exposing critical infrastructure to potential attacks. According to Binarly’s detection tool, this breach affects numerous industries, making it a significant cybersecurity risk. The challenge of exploiting Secure Boot remotely is substantial, often requiring advanced skills and resources, making it a tool primarily used by hackers targeting high-profile individuals or organizations. It’s particularly relevant for high-net-worth individuals, government agencies, and large corporations that are more likely to be the targets of such sophisticated attacks. 

State-sponsored hackers, in particular, could leverage this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to confidential data or to disrupt critical operations. Addressing the PKfail vulnerability requires immediate action, both from manufacturers and end-users. Device manufacturers must issue firmware updates and improve their security practices to ensure their hardware is protected against such threats. Meanwhile, organizations and individual users should regularly check for software updates, apply patches, and implement stringent cybersecurity measures to minimize the risk of exploitation. 

The PKfail incident underscores the critical importance of cybersecurity vigilance and reinforces the need for robust protection measures. As cyber threats continue to evolve, organizations and individuals alike must stay informed and prepared to defend against vulnerabilities like PKfail.
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Youtube
Cheatcodes LummaC2 malware malware Piracy Software Updates Youtube

Are YouTube Game Cracks Hiding Malware?


Recently, cybersecurity researchers have unearthed a disturbing trend: threat actors are exploiting YouTube to distribute malware disguised as video game cracks. This alarming course of action poses a significant risk to unsuspecting users, especially those seeking free software downloads.

According to findings by Proofpoint Emerging Threats, cybercriminals are leveraging popular video-sharing platforms to target home users, who often lack the robust defences of corporate networks. The plan of action involves creating deceptive videos offering free access to software and video game enhancements, but the links provided lead to malicious content.

The malware, including variants such as Vidar, StealC, and Lumma Stealer, is camouflaged within seemingly innocuous downloads, enticing users with promises of game cheats or software upgrades. What's particularly troubling is the deliberate targeting of younger audiences, with malicious content masquerading as enhancements for games popular among children.

The investigation uncovered several compromised YouTube accounts, with previously dormant channels suddenly flooded with English-language videos promoting cracked software. These videos, uploaded within a short timeframe, contained links to malware-infected files hosted on platforms like MediaFire and Discord.

One example highlighted by researchers featured a video claiming to enhance a popular game, accompanied by a MediaFire link leading to a password-protected file harbouring Vidar Stealer malware. Similarly, other videos promised clean files but included instructions on disabling antivirus software, further endangering unsuspecting users.

Moreover, cybercriminals exploited the identity of "Empress," a well-known entity within software piracy communities, to disseminate malware disguised as cracked game content. Visual cues provided within the videos streamlined the process of installing Vidar Stealer malware, presenting it as authentic game modifications.

Analysis of the malware revealed a common tactic of bloating file sizes to evade detection, with payloads expanding to approximately 800 MB. Furthermore, the malware utilised social media platforms like Telegram and Discord for command and control (C2) activities, complicating detection efforts.

Research into the matter has again enunciated the need for heightened awareness among users, particularly regarding suspicious online content promising free software or game cheats. While YouTube has been proactive in removing reported malicious accounts, the threat remains pervasive, targeting non-enterprise users vulnerable to deceptive tactics.

As cybercriminals continue to exacerbate their methods, it's imperative for individuals to exercise caution when downloading software from unverified sources. Staying informed about emerging threats and adopting cybersecurity best practices can help combat the risk of falling victim to such schemes.


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Software Updates
Apple Apple MacOS Guardz macOS macOS Ventura 13.5 malware Software Updates

New Malware can Allow Control of macOS Without Users Noticing


Cybersecurity company Guardz recently exposed a new malware, used by hackers to take control of unprotected Macs, remotely. Guardz describes how a threat agent has been selling the tool on a Russian cybercrime forum since April 2023 in a blog post. 

Hidden Virtual Network Computing (HVNC)

HVNC is a malware, sharing similarities with a VNC (Virtual Network Computing), a tool used in remotely controlling computers over the internet or other networks. 

An employer with an IT department might, for instance, utilize VNC to diagnose a worker's computer, and the worker can see that the computer is being accessed. However, with an HVNC, the target user is unaware of the access, allowing a threat actor to utilize an HVNC for malicious practices.

Reportedly, the malware has been distributed to the Russian cybercrime forum – Exploit. For a "lifetime price of $60,000," the threat agent is selling the HVNC, and for an extra $20,000, the customer can add "more malicious capabilities to the arsenal."

However, Guardz did not mention any instance of such a case except in Mac. Moreover, the CVE.report database that identifies various vulnerabilities and exploits did not yet make an entry of the HVNC malware, and neither did Apple release an official statement.

How to Protect Oneself Against the Malware

While malware attacks are inevitable, users can protect themselves by taking certain measures.

First, one must make sure to update their macOS to the latest version. Moreover, Apple provides safeguards within macOS, along with releasing security patches regularly through OS updates, thus it becomes necessary to adopt them whenever they are made available to the users.

With macOS Ventura 13.5 being the latest version, a user who is using any other version is in fact running an older version, which needs to be updated. However, Apple has released security updates for its operating systems like Monterey and Big Sur – Monterey 12.6.8 and Big Sur 11.7.9 on July 24. 

Since malware are often presented as legitimate software distributed to users via email or on web forums and slipshod websites, another way that can keep users from falling prey to the malware is by only downloading software from trusted sources, like App Store or directly from the developers.

Moreover, users can make use of the several guides provided online, such as the guides on ‘whether or not you need antivirus software,’ list of Mac viruses, malware, and Trojans, and a comparison of Mac security software.

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Third-party software security
3CX Update Incident response malware Software Updates Third-party software security

The Risks of Automatic Updates: A Closer Look at the Malicious 3CX Update

3CX Malicious Update

On March 31, 2023, several companies reported that their 3CX phone systems had suddenly stopped working. Upon investigation, they found that their systems had been compromised by a malicious software update delivered by 3CX's automatic update system. In this blog, we'll take a closer look at the incident and explore the lessons that can be learned from it.

The 3CX Incident: How It Happened

The attackers had managed to gain access to 3CX's update servers and replace a legitimate software update with a malicious version. This update, which was automatically installed on thousands of 3CX systems, contained a backdoor that gave the attackers full access to the compromised systems. They were able to steal sensitive data, listen in on calls, and even make unauthorized calls.

The Risks of Automatic Updates

The incident highlights the risks associated with automatic software updates, which are designed to keep systems up to date with the latest security patches and bug fixes. While automatic updates can be a convenient way to keep systems secure, they can also be a vector for malware and other malicious software.

In the case of the 3CX incident, the attackers were able to compromise the update system itself, which meant that even systems that were fully up to date were still vulnerable to the attack. This is a particularly worrying development, as it means that even the most security-conscious organizations may be at risk if their software vendors are compromised.

The Importance of Multi-Layered Security Measures

The incident also highlights the importance of multi-layered security measures. While automatic updates can be an important part of an organization's security strategy, they should not be relied upon as the sole defense against attacks. Other measures, such as regular vulnerability scanning, threat intelligence monitoring, and user training, can help to reduce the risks associated with automatic updates.

Organizations should also ensure that they have a robust incident response plan in place, which includes procedures for dealing with unexpected software failures or security breaches. This can help to minimize the impact of a security incident and ensure that systems are quickly restored to normal operation.

Evaluating Third-Party Software Security

Finally, organizations should carefully evaluate the security risks associated with any third-party software they use, including the software update mechanisms. Vendors should be asked about their security practices and measures, such as encryption, authentication, and monitoring, to ensure that their systems are protected against attacks.

3CX's Response

In response to the incident, 3CX has released a statement urging all users to immediately update their systems to the latest version, which includes a fix for the backdoor. They have also announced that they are conducting a full investigation into the incident and working with law enforcement to identify the attackers.

The 3CX incident is a stark reminder of the importance of multi-layered security measures and the risks associated with automatic software updates. While automatic updates can be a convenient way to keep systems up to date with the latest security patches and bug fixes, they can also be a vector for malware and other malicious software.

Organizations should carefully evaluate the security risks associated with any third-party software they use and take a proactive approach to security, including regular vulnerability scanning, threat intelligence monitoring, and user training. With the right security measures in place, organizations can help to reduce the risks associated with automatic updates and ensure that their systems remain secure against cyber threats.

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TTP
bOOKcOVE Cyber Fraud Cyberattacks Kimsuky NIS Software Updates Spear-Phishing Emails TTP

Kimsuky's Attacks Alerted German and South Korean Agencies

 


In a joint warning issued by the German and South Korean intelligence agencies, it has been noted that a North Korean hacker group named Kimsuky has been increasing cyber-attack tactics against the South Korean network. With sophisticated phishing campaigns and malware attacks, the group has been suspected of being behind the attacks. It is believed that the North Korean government is behind them. Cyberattacks continue to pose a major threat to businesses and governments throughout the world as a result of increasing cyberattacks. 

Kimsuky (aka Thallium and SmokeScreen) is a North Korean threat group that has developed a reputation for utilizing cutting-edge tools and tactics in its operations. There have been two upcoming attack tactics developed by the group that enhances the espionage capabilities of the organization. These tactics raise no red flags on security radars. There are several malicious Android apps and YouTube extensions being abused as well as Google Chrome extensions.   

Kimsuky is believed to have expanded its tactics to attack a wide range of organizations in both countries, according to the German Office for Information Security (BSI) and South Korea's National Intelligence Service (NIS). Initially targeting U.S. government agencies, research institutions, and think tanks, the group has now spread to businesses in the technology and defense sectors as well. 

Kimsuky appears to be using a new malware called "BookCove" to steal sensitive information from its targets, according to a statement issued by the company. A spear-phishing email is designed to appear like it has been sent from a reputable source, but in reality, the message contains malware. Upon clicking the link or attachment in an email that contains malware, the user's computer is infected with the malware. The hacker can have access to the victim's data and can monitor the activities of the victim as a result of this. \

Various South Korean and German agencies suggest that organizations should implement the necessary precautions to safeguard themselves against these threats. Security measures must be taken, such as multi-factor authentication and regular updates, and employees must be educated on the risks associated with phishing. 

North Korean hacking group, Kimsuky, has been operating since 2013, providing malware for PCs. Several sources claim that the group is linked to the Reconnaissance General Bureau of the North Korean government. This Bureau gathers intelligence and conducts covert operations on behalf of the government. 

According to research, the apps, which embed FastFire and FastViewer, are distributed through Google Play's "internal testing" feature. This gives third-party developers the ability to send apps to a "small set of trusted testers." 

Nevertheless, it bears mentioning that these internal app testing exercises cannot exceed 100 users per app, regardless of the number of users. This is regardless of when the app is released into production. There is no doubt that this campaign has a very targeted nature, which indicates its focus. 

Two malware-laced apps use Android's accessibility services to steal sensitive information ranging from financial to personal information. APK packages for each app are listed below with their respective names in APK format:

  • Com. viewer. fast secure (FastFi) 
  • Com.tf.thinkdroid.secviewer (FastViewer) 
Organizations can take the following measures to protect themselves against Kimsuky's attacks 

A multi-factor authentication system protects the network and system from unauthorized access since it requires the attacker to possess at least two factors, such as a password and a physical device, such as a mobile phone. 

Even if cyber criminals could get past some existing security measures, this would make it far harder for them to access private data. In addition to the above-mentioned measures, organizations may also wish to consider taking the following measures to protect themselves: 
  • Maintaining a regular software update schedule is important. 
  • The best practices for protecting your company's information are taught to your employees. 
  • It is essential to use tools and techniques to detect and respond to advanced threats. 
A robust incident response plan is a crucial tool for organizations to develop to be prepared in case of an incident. If cyberattacks occur, they should be able to respond rapidly and effectively to mitigate their impact.

A growing number of companies are attacked by state-sponsored groups like Kimsuky due to cyberattacks. To reduce their risk of falling victim to these sophisticated cyber-espionage tactics, businesses and governments in Germany need to take proactive steps to protect themselves, including improving their security systems. 

Operating silently, Kimsuky has continuously evolved its TTPs to keep up with changing threats, as well as developing efficient tactics. The majority of attacks are conducted using phishing or spear-phishing. The most significant priority that must be addressed against this threat is to protect the accounts of individuals or organizations and other critical assets. Those involved in organizations and individuals are advised to keep abreast of the latest tactics and adhere to relevant agencies' recommendations.
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