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Spyware
Android Cyber Phishing Financial Data iOS malware Personal Information Spyware

How To Tell If Spyware Is Hiding On Your Phone And What To Do About It

 



Your smartphone stores personal conversations, financial data, photos, and daily movements. This concentration of information makes it attractive to attackers who rely on spyware. Spyware is malicious software that pretends to be a useful app while silently collecting information. It can arrive through phishing messages, deceptive downloads, fake mobile tools, or through legitimate apps that receive harmful updates. Even monitoring tools designed for parents or employers can be misused to track someone without their knowledge.

Spyware exists in multiple forms. One common category is nuisanceware, which appears with legitimate apps and focuses on showing unwanted ads, altering browser settings, and gathering browsing data for advertisers. Although it does not usually damage the device, it still disrupts user activity and profits from forced ad interactions. Broader mobile spyware goes further by pulling system information, clipboard content, login credentials, and data linked to financial accounts. These threats rely on tricking users through harmful emails, unsafe attachments, social media links, fake text messages, or direct physical access.

A more aggressive class of spyware overlaps with stalkerware and can monitor nearly every action on a victim’s device. These tools read messages across different platforms, intercept calls, capture audio from the environment, trigger the camera, take screenshots, log keystrokes, track travel routes, and target social media platforms. They are widely associated with domestic abuse because they allow continuous surveillance of a person’s communication and location. At the highest end is commercial spyware sold to governments. Tools like Pegasus have been used against journalists, activists, and political opponents, although everyday users are rarely targeted due to the high cost of these operations.

There are several early signs of an attempted spyware install. Strange emails, unexpected social media messages, or SMS alerts urging you to click a link are often the first step. Attackers frequently use urgent language to pressure victims into downloading malicious files, including fake delivery notices or warnings framed as bank or tax office messages. Sometimes these messages appear to come from a trusted contact. Stalkerware may require physical access, which means a phone that briefly goes missing and returns with new settings or apps could have been tampered with.

Once spyware is installed, your phone may behave differently. Rapid battery drain, overheating, sudden reboots, location settings turning on without reason, or a sharp increase in mobile data use can indicate that data is being transmitted secretly. Some variants can subscribe victims to paid services or trigger unauthorized financial activity. Even harmless apps can turn malicious through updates, so new problems after installing an app deserve attention.

On Android devices, users can review settings that control installations from outside official stores. This option usually appears in Settings > Security > Allow unknown sources, although the exact location depends on the manufacturer. Another path to inspect is Apps > Menu > Special Access > Install unknown apps, which lists anything permitted to install packages. This check is not completely reliable because many spyware apps avoid appearing in the standard app view.

Some spyware hides behind generic names and icons to blend in with normal tools such as calculators, calendars, utilities, or currency converters. If an unfamiliar app shows up, running a quick search can help determine whether it belongs to legitimate software.

For iPhones that are not jailbroken, infection is generally harder unless attackers exploit a zero-day or an unpatched flaw. Risks increase when users delay firmware updates or do not run routine security scans. While both platforms can show signs of compromise, sophisticated spyware may remain silent.

Some advanced surveillance tools operate without leaving noticeable symptoms. These strains can disguise themselves as system services and limit resource use to avoid attention.

Removing spyware is challenging because these tools are designed to persist. Most infections can be removed, but some cases may require a full device reset or, in extreme scenarios, replacing the device. Stalkerware operators may also receive alerts when their access is disrupted, and a sudden halt in data flow can signal removal.

If removing spyware could put someone at physical risk, they should avoid tampering with the device and involve law enforcement or relevant support groups.

Several approaches can help remove mobile spyware:

1. Run a malware scan: Reputable mobile antivirus tools can detect many common spyware families, though they may miss advanced variants.

2. Use dedicated removal tools: Specialized spyware removal software can help, but it must only be downloaded from trusted sources to avoid further infection.

3. Remove suspicious apps: Reviewing installed applications and deleting anything unfamiliar or unused may eliminate threats.

4. Check device administrator settings: Spyware may grant itself administrator rights. If such apps cannot be removed normally, a factory reset might be necessary.

5. Boot into Safe Mode: Safe Mode disables third-party apps temporarily, making removal easier, though advanced spyware may still persist.

6. Update the operating system: Patches often close security gaps that spyware relies on.


After discovering suspicious activity, users should take additional security steps. First, change passwords and enable biometrics: Resetting passwords on a separate device and enabling biometric locks strengthens account and device security. Secondly, create a new email address: A private email account can help regain control of linked services without alerting a stalkerware operator.

Advanced, commercial spyware demands stronger precautions. Research-based recommendations include:

• Reboot the device daily to disrupt attacks that rely on temporary exploits.

• Disable iMessage and FaceTime on iOS, as they are frequent targets for exploitation.

• Use alternative browsers such as Firefox Focus or Tor Browser to reduce exposure from browser-based exploits.

• Use a trusted VPN and jailbreak detection tools to protect against network and system-level intrusion.

• Use a separate secure device like those running GrapheneOS for sensitive communication.

Reducing the risk of future infections requires consistent precautions:

• Maintain physical device security through PINs, patterns, or biometrics.

• Install system updates as soon as they are released.

• Run antivirus scans regularly.

• Avoid apps from unofficial sources.

• Enable built-in security scanners for new installations.

• Review app permissions routinely and remove intrusive apps.

• Be cautious of suspicious links.

• Avoid jailbreaking the device.

• Enable multi-factor authentication, keeping in mind that spyware may still capture some verification codes.



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Zero-Click Exploits
CISA advisory Mobile Security Spyware Zero-Click Exploits

Encrypted Chats Under Siege: Cyber-Mercenaries Target High-Profile Users

 

Encrypted Chats Under Siege Encrypted communication, once considered the final refuge for those seeking private dialogue, now faces a wave of targeted espionage campaigns that strike not at the encryption itself but at the fragile devices that carry it. Throughout this year, intelligence analysts and cybersecurity researchers have observed a striking escalation in operations using commercial spyware, deceptive app clones, and zero-interaction exploits to infiltrate platforms such as Signal and WhatsApp.
 
What is emerging is not a story of broken cryptographic protocols, but of adversaries who have learned to manipulate the ecosystem surrounding secure messaging, turning the endpoints themselves into compromised windows through which confidential conversations can be quietly observed.
  
The unfolding threat does not resemble the mass surveillance operations of previous decades. Instead, adversarial groups, ranging from state-aligned operators to profit-driven cyber-mercenaries, are launching surgical attacks against individuals whose communications carry strategic value.
 
High-ranking government functionaries, diplomats, military advisors, investigative journalists, and leaders of civil society organizations across the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and parts of Asia have found themselves increasingly within the crosshairs of these clandestine campaigns.
 
The intent, investigators say, is rarely broad data collection. Rather, the aim is account takeover, message interception, and long-term device persistence that lays the groundwork for deeper espionage efforts.
 

How Attackers Are Breaching Encrypted Platforms

 
At the center of these intrusions is a shift in methodology: instead of attempting to crack sophisticated encryption, threat actors compromise the applications and operating systems that enable it. Across multiple investigations, researchers have uncovered operations that rely on:
 
1. Exploiting Trusted Features
 
Russia-aligned operators have repeatedly abused the device-linking capabilities of messaging platforms, persuading victims—via social engineering—to scan malicious connection requests. This enables a stealthy secondary device to be linked to a target’s account, giving attackers real-time access without altering the encryption layer itself.
 
2. Deploying Zero-Interaction Exploits
 
Several campaigns emerged this year in which attackers weaponized vulnerabilities that required no user action at all. Specially crafted media files sent via messaging apps, or exploit chains triggered upon receipt, allowed silent compromise of devices, particularly on Android models widely used in conflict-prone regions.
 
3. Distributing Counterfeit Applications
 
Clone apps impersonating popular platforms have proliferated across unofficial channels, especially in parts of the Middle East and South Asia. These imitations often mimic user interfaces with uncanny accuracy while embedding spyware capable of harvesting chats, recordings, contact lists, and stored files.
 
4. Leveraging Commercial Spyware and “Cyber-For-Hire” Tools
 
Commercial surveillance products, traditionally marketed to law enforcement or intelligence agencies, continue to spill into the underground economy. Once deployed, these tools often serve as an entry point for further exploitation, allowing attackers to drop additional payloads, manipulate settings, or modify authentication tokens.
 

Why Encrypted Platforms Are Under Unprecedented Attack

 
Analysts suggest that encrypted applications have become the new battleground for geopolitical intelligence. Their rising adoption by policymakers, activists, and diplomats has elevated them from personal communication tools to repositories of sensitive, sometimes world-shaping information.
 
Because the cryptographic foundations remain resilient, adversaries have pivoted toward undermining the assumptions around secure communication—namely, that the device you hold in your hand is trustworthy. In reality, attackers are increasingly proving that even the strongest encryption is powerless if the endpoint is already compromised.
  
Across the world, governments are imposing stricter regulations on spyware vendors and reassessing the presence of encrypted apps on official devices. Several legislative bodies have either limited or outright banned certain messaging platforms in response to the increasing frequency of targeted exploits.
 
Experts warn that the rise of commercialized cyber-operations, where tools once reserved for state intelligence now circulate endlessly between contractors, mercenaries, and hostile groups, signals a long-term shift in digital espionage strategy rather than a temporary spike.
 

What High-Risk Users Must Do

 
Security specialists emphasize that individuals operating in sensitive fields cannot rely on everyday digital hygiene alone. Enhanced practices, such as hardware isolation, phishing-resistant authentication, rigid permission control, and using only trusted app repositories, are rapidly becoming baseline requirements.
 
Some also recommend adopting hardened device modes, performing frequent integrity checks, and treating unexpected prompts (including QR-code requests) as potential attack vectors.
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Spyware
Android Security Data Theft malware Payment Faud Spyware

Android Malware Hits 42 Million Downloads, Risking Mobile Payments

 

Android malware is surging globally, with attackers increasingly targeting mobile payments and IoT devices, exposing critical vulnerabilities in systems heavily relied upon for communication, work, and financial activity. 

Recent findings from Zscaler indicate that 239 malicious Android apps were discovered on Google Play, amassing a staggering 42 million downloads, mainly by users seeking productivity and workflow solutions trusted in hybrid work settings. This reflects a pronounced shift away from traditional card-based fraud toward abuse of mobile payment channels using various social engineering tactics—such as phishing, smishing, and SIM-swapping.

Mobile compromise incidents are escalating rapidly, highlighted by a 67% year-over-year spike in Android malware transactions. Spyware, banking trojans, and adware are the dominant threats, with adware constituting 69% of all malware detections, indicating evolving monetization strategies among cybercriminals while the notorious 'Joker' family has sharply declined to only 23% of activity. The report outlines a trend of attackers focusing on high-value sectors, with the energy industry experiencing a dramatic 387% increase in attack attempts compared to the previous year.

IoT environments remain highly vulnerable, particularly in manufacturing and transportation, which saw over 40% of IoT-related malware activity. IoT attacks are primarily driven by botnet malware families such as Mirai, Mozi, and Gafgyt—collectively responsible for about 75% of observed malicious payloads within this space. Routers, in particular, are heavily targeted, making up 75% of all IoT attacks, as attackers use them for botnet building and proxy networks.

Geographically, India is the prime target for mobile malware, receiving 26% of analyzed attacks, followed by the United States (15%) and Canada (14%). In IoT, the United States is most affected, seeing 54.1% of all malicious traffic. Certain threats like the Android Void backdoor have infected at least 1.6 million Android TV boxes, mostly in India and Brazil, exposing the dangers linked to widespread use of inexpensive devices and outdated software. Malware families like Anatsa and Xnotice continue to refine tactics for financial theft and regional targeting.

To defend against these threats, experts recommend maintaining regularly updated devices, using reputable antivirus apps, enabling ransomware protection, limiting unnecessary app installations, scrutinizing permissions, running frequent malware scans, and utilizing Google Play Protect. The article stresses the need for a "zero trust everywhere" approach combined with AI-driven threat detection to counter the evolving cyber landscape.
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User Data
Landfall malware Samsung Spyware User Data

Landfall Spyware Exploited a Samsung Image Flaw to Secretly Target Users For Nearly a Year




Security specialists at Palo Alto Networks’ Unit 42 have uncovered a complex spyware tool named Landfall that silently infiltrated certain Samsung Galaxy phones for close to a year. The operation relied on a serious flaw in Samsung’s Android image-processing system, which allowed the device to be compromised without the user tapping or opening anything on their screen.

Unit 42 traces the campaign back to July 2024. The underlying bug was later assigned CVE-2025-21042, and Samsung addressed it in a security update released in April 2025. The details of how attackers used the flaw became public only recently, after researchers completed their investigation.

The team emphasizes that even users who browsed risky websites or received suspicious files during that period likely avoided infection. Evidence suggests the operation was highly selective, targeting only specific individuals or groups rather than the general public. Based on submitted samples, the activity was concentrated in parts of the Middle East, including Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Morocco. Who controlled Landfall remains unknown.

The researchers discovered the spyware while examining earlier zero-click bugs affecting Apple iOS and WhatsApp. Those unrelated flaws showed how attackers could trigger remote code execution by exploiting image-handling weaknesses. This motivated Unit 42 to search for similar risks affecting Android devices. During this process, they found several suspicious files uploaded to VirusTotal that ultimately revealed the Landfall attack chain.

At the center of this operation were manipulated DNG image files. DNG is a raw picture format built on the TIFF standard and is normally harmless. In this case, however, the attackers altered the files so they carried compressed ZIP archives containing malicious components. The image-processing library in Samsung devices had a defect that caused the system to extract and run the embedded code automatically while preparing the image preview. This made the threat a true zero-click exploit because no user action was required for infection.

Once the malware launched, it attempted to rewrite parts of the device’s SELinux security policy. This gave the operators broad system access and made the spyware harder to detect or remove. According to Unit 42, the files appeared to have been delivered through messaging platforms like WhatsApp, disguised as regular images. Code inside the samples referenced models such as the Galaxy S22, S23, S24, Z Flip 4, and Z Fold 4. Samsung believes the vulnerability existed across devices running Android 13, 14, and 15.

After installation, Landfall could gather extensive personal information. It could transmit hardware identifiers, lists of installed apps, contacts, browsing activity, and stored files. It also had the technical ability to activate the device’s microphone or camera for surveillance. The spyware included multiple features to avoid detection, meaning that fully removing it would require deep device repairs or resets.

Unit 42 noted similarities between Landfall’s design and advanced commercial spyware used by major surveillance vendors, but they did not identify any company or group responsible. Although Samsung has already released a fix, attackers could reuse this method on devices that have not installed the April 2025 update or later. Users are urged to check their security patch level to remain protected.


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Spyware
AI Android Data Internet malware Pegasus Spyware

How Spyware Steals Your Data Without You Knowing About It


You might not be aware that your smartphone has spyware, which poses a risk to your privacy and personal security. However, what exactly is spyware? 

This type of malware, often presented as a trustworthy mobile application, has the potential to steal your data, track your whereabouts, record conversations, monitor your social media activity, take screenshots of your activities, and more. Phishing, a phony mobile application, or a once-reliable software that was upgraded over the air to become an information thief are some of the ways it could end up on your phone.

Types of malware

Legitimate apps are frequently packaged with nuisanceware. It modifies your homepage or search engine settings, interrupts your web browsing with pop-ups, and may collect your browsing information to sell to networks and advertising agencies.

Nuisanceware

Nuisanceware is typically not harmful or a threat to your fundamental security, despite being seen as malvertising. Rather, many malware packages focus on generating revenue by persuading users to view or click on advertisements.

Generic mobile spyware

Additionally, there is generic mobile spyware. These types of malware collect information from the operating system and clipboard in addition to potentially valuable items like account credentials or bitcoin wallet data. Spray-and-pray phishing attempts may employ spyware, which isn't always targeted.

Stalkerware

Compared to simple spyware, advanced spyware is sometimes also referred to as stalkerware. This spyware, which is unethical and frequently harmful, can occasionally be found on desktop computers but is becoming more frequently installed on phones.

The infamous Pegasus

Lastly, there is commercial spyware of governmental quality. One of the most popular variations is Pegasus, which is sold to governments as a weapon for law enforcement and counterterrorism. 

Pegasus was discovered on smartphones owned by lawyers, journalists, activists, and political dissidents. Commercial-grade malware is unlikely to affect you unless you belong to a group that governments with ethical dilemmas are particularly interested in. This is because commercial-grade spyware is expensive and requires careful victim selection and targeting.

How to know if spyware is on your phone?

There are signs that you may be the target of a spyware or stalkerware operator.

Receiving strange or unexpected emails or messages on social media could be a sign of a spyware infection attempt. You should remove these without downloading any files or clicking any links.

Read more »
Spyware
Hacking WhatsApp Litigation Mobile Security NSO Pegasus Spyware

US Judge Permanently Bans NSO Group from Targeting WhatsApp Users

 

A U.S. federal judge has issued a permanent injunction barring Israeli spyware maker NSO Group from targeting WhatsApp users with its notorious Pegasus spyware, marking a landmark victory for Meta following years of litigation. 

The decision, handed down by Judge Phyllis J. Hamilton in the Northern District of California, concludes a legal battle that began in 2019, when Meta (the parent company of WhatsApp) sued NSO after discovering that about 1,400 users—including journalists, human rights activists, lawyers, political dissidents, diplomats, and government officials—had been surreptitiously targeted through “zero-click” Pegasus exploits.

The court found that NSO had reverse-engineered WhatsApp’s code and repeatedly updated its spyware to evade detection and security fixes, causing what the judge described as “irreparable harm” and undermining WhatsApp’s core promise of privacy and end-to-end encryption. The injunction prohibits NSO not only from targeting WhatsApp users but also from accessing or assisting others in accessing WhatsApp’s infrastructure, and further requires NSO to erase any data gathered from targeted users.

This victory for Meta was significant, but the court also reduced the previously awarded damages from $168 million to just $4 million, finding the original punitive sum excessive despite NSO’s egregious conduct. Nevertheless, the ruling sets a precedent for how U.S. tech companies can use the courts to combat mercenary spyware operations and commercial surveillance firms that compromise user privacy.

NSO Group argued that the permanent ban could “drive the company out of business,” pointing out that Pegasus is its flagship product used by governments ostensibly for fighting crime and terrorism. An NSO spokesperson claimed the ruling would not impact existing government customers, but Meta and digital rights advocates insist this bans NSO from ever targeting WhatsApp and holds them accountable for civil society surveillance.

The case highlights the ongoing tension between tech giants and commercial spyware vendors and signals a new willingness by courts to intervene to protect user privacy against advanced cyber-surveillance tools.
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zero-click
AI Cloud Data Internet Spyware Technology zero-click

Zero-click Exploit AI Flaws to Hack Systems


What if machines, not humans, become the centre of cyber-warfare? Imagine if your device could be hijacked without you opening any link, downloading a file, or knowing the hack happened? This is a real threat called zero-click attacks, a covert and dangerous type of cyber attack that abuses software bugs to hack systems without user interaction. 

The threat

These attacks have used spywares such as Pegasus and AI-driven EchoLeak, and shown their power to attack millions of systems, compromise critical devices, and steal sensitive information. With the surge of AI agents, the risk is high now. The AI-driven streamlining of work and risen productivity has become a lucrative target for exploitation, increasing the scale and attack tactics of breaches.

IBM technology explained how the combination of AI systems and zero-click flaws has reshaped the cybersecurity landscape. “Cybercriminals are increasingly adopting stealthy tactics and prioritizing data theft over encryption and exploiting identities at scale. A surge in phishing emails delivering infostealer malware and credential phishing is fueling this trend—and may be attributed to attackers leveraging AI to scale distribution,” said the IBM report.

A few risks of autonomous AI are highlighted, such as:

  • Threat of prompt injection 
  • Need for an AI firewall
  • Gaps in addressing the challenges due to AI-driven tech

About Zero-click attacks

These attacks do not need user interaction, unlike traditional cyberattacks that relied on social engineering campaigns or phishing attacks. Zero-click attacks exploit flaws in communication or software protocols to gain unauthorized entry into systems.  

Echoleak: An AI-based attack that modifies AI systems to hack sensitive information.

Stagefright: A flaw in Android devices that allows hackers to install malicious code via multimedia messages (MMS), hacking millions of devices.

Pegasus: A spyware that hacks devices through apps such as iMessage and WhatsApp, it conducts surveillance, can gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, and facilitate data theft as well.

How to stay safe?

According to IBM, “Despite the magnitude of these challenges, we found that most organizations still don’t have a cyber crisis plan or playbooks for scenarios that require swift responses.” To stay safe, IBM suggests “quick, decisive action to counteract the faster pace with which threat actors, increasingly aided by AI, conduct attacks, exfiltrate data, and exploit vulnerabilities.”

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Windows
Artificial Intelligence DevilsTongue Internet malware Microsoft Spyware surveillance Windows

DevilsTongue Spyware Attacking Windows System, Linked to Saudi Arabia, Hungary


Cybersecurity experts have discovered a new infrastructure suspected to be used by spyware company Candiru to target computers via Windows malware.

DevilsTongue spyware targets Windows systems

The research by Recorded Future’s Insikt Group disclosed eight different operational clusters associated with the spyware, which is termed as DevilsTongue. Five are highly active, including clusters linked to Hungary and Saudi Arabia. 

About Candiru’ spyware

According to the report, the “infrastructure includes both victim-facing components likely used in the deployment and [command and control] of Candiru’s DevilsTongue spyware, and higher-tier infrastructure used by the spyware operators.” While a few clusters directly handle their victim-facing infrastructure, others follow an intermediary infrastructure layers approach or through the Tor network, which allows threat actors to use the dark web.

Additionally, experts discovered another cluster linked to Indonesia that seemed to be active until November 2024. Experts couldn’t assess whether the two extra clusters linked with Azerbaijan are still active.

Mode of operation

Mercenary spyware such as DevilsTongue is infamous worldwide, known for use in serious crimes and counterterrorism operations. However, it also poses various legal, privacy, and safety risks to targets, their companies, and even the reporter, according to Recorded Future.

Windows itself has termed the spyware Devil's Tongue. There is not much reporting on its deployment techniques, but the leaked materials suggest it can be delivered via malicious links, man-in-the-middle attacks, physical access to a Windows device, and weaponized files. DevilsTongue has been installed via both threat actor-controlled URLs that are found in spearphishing emails and via strategic website attacks known as ‘watering hole,’ which exploit bugs in the web browser.

Insikt Group has also found a new agent inside Candiru’s network that is suspected to have been released during the time when Candiru’s assets were acquired by Integrity Partners, a US-based investment fund. Experts believe that a different company might have been involved in the acquisition.

How to stay safe?

In the short term, experts from Recorded Future advise defenders to “implement security best practices, including regular software updates, hunting for known indicators, pre-travel security briefings, and strict separation of personal and corporate devices.” In the long term, organizations are advised to invest in robust risk assessments to create effective policies.

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Spyware
malware Mozambique Predator Spyware

Predator Spyware Activity Resurfaces in Mozambique Using Novel Techniques

 

The recent discovery of new equipment tied to Predator spyware implies that the surveillance technology is still finding new customers, despite the fact that its backers have faced rounds of US sanctions since July 2023.

In a research published earlier this week, researchers at Insikt Group claim to have linked the sophisticated spyware to operators in Mozambique for the first time. According to Insikt, Mozambique is one of many African countries where the spyware has arrived, with the continent accounting for more than half of all known Predator users.

A further discovery in the investigation reveals "the first technical connection made between Predator infrastructure and corporate entities associated with the Intellexa Consortium," according to Insikt, referring to the organisation believed to be supporting Predator. Intellexa was among the entities sanctioned by the United States.

The revelation is the result of an Insikt investigation into entities tied to Dvir Horef Hazan, a Czech bistro owner, entrepreneur, and programmer who a Czech news site claims worked for Intellexa. A Greek law enforcement investigation into the possible Predator targeting of journalist Thanasis Koukakis further claimed that Intellexa transferred about €3 million (around $3.5 million) to Hazan and his enterprises.

The specifics of Hazan's alleged work for Intellexa are unclear, but Insikt claims it discovered a link between Predator's multi-tiered infrastructure and a Czech business indirectly linked to Hazan. 

According to the researchers, Predator's basic infrastructure has remained mostly unchanged, although there is evidence that operators have developed the spyware to make it more difficult to detect on a device. 

Insikt's recent findings reflect prior allegations indicating that Predator activities persisted following the US government's measures in July 2023. Initially, the Commerce Department placed Intellexa and a subsidiary unit, Cytrox, on the Entity List, which limits how companies conduct business with the United States and tarnish their reputation. Then, in 2024, federal agencies acted twice to ban Predator-related organisations.
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zero-click
Mobile Security Spyware Threat Intelligence User Privacy Whatsapp Leak zero-click

Here's How to Safeguard Your Smartphone Against Zero-Click Attacks

 

Spyware tools have been discovered on the phones of politicians, journalists, and activists on numerous occasions over the past decade. This has prompted worries regarding the lack of protections in the tech industry and an unprecedented expansion of spyware technologies. 

Meta's WhatsApp recently stated that it has detected a hacking campaign aimed at roughly ninety users, the majority of whom were journalists and civil society activists from two dozen countries. 

According to a WhatsApp representative, the attack was carried out by the Israeli spyware company Paragon Solutions, which is now controlled by the Florida-based private equity firm AE Industrial Partners. Graphite, Paragon's spyware, infiltrated WhatsApp groups by sending them a malicious PDF attachment. It can access and read messages from encrypted apps such as WhatsApp and Signal without the user's knowledge. 

What is a zero-click attack? 

A zero-click attack, such as the one on WhatsApp, compromises a device without requiring any user activity. Unlike phishing or one-click attacks, which rely on clicking a malicious link or opening an attachment, zero-click leverages a security flaw to stealthily gain complete access after the device has been infected. 

"In the case of graphite, via WhatsApp, some kind of payload, like a PDF or an image, [was sent to the victims' devices] and the underlying processes that receive and handle those packages have vulnerabilities that the attackers exploit [to] infect the phone,” Rocky Cole, co-founder of mobile threat protection company iVerify, noted.

While reports do not indicate "whether graphite can engage in privilege escalation [vulnerability] and operate outside WhatsApp or even move into the iOS kernel itself, we do know from our own detections and other work with customers, that privilege escalation via WhatsApp in order to gain kernel access is indeed possible," Cole added. 

The iVerify team believes that the malicious attacks are "potentially more widespread" than the 90 individuals who were reported to have been infected by graphite because they have discovered cases where a number of WhatsApp crashes on [mobile] devices [they're] monitoring with iVerify have seemed to be malicious in nature.

While the WhatsApp hack primarily targeted civil society activists, Cole believes mobile spyware is a rising threat to everyone since mobile exploitation is more pervasive than many people realise. Moreover, the outcome is an emerging ecosystem around mobile spyware development and an increasing number of VC-backed mobile spyware companies are under pressure to become viable organisations. This eventually increases marketing competition for spyware merchants and lowers barriers that might normally deter these attacks. 

Mitigation tips

Cole recommends users to treat their phones as computers. Just as you use best practices to safeguard traditional endpoints like laptops from exploitation and compromise, you should do the same for phones. This includes rebooting your phone on a daily basis because most of these exploits remain in memory rather than files, and rebooting your phone should theoretically wipe out the malware as well, he said. 

If you have an Apple device, you can also enable Lockdown Mode. As indicated by Cole, "lockdown mode has the effect of reducing some functionality of internet-facing applications [which can] in some ways reduce the attack surface to some degree."

Ultimately, the only way to properly safeguard oneself from zero-click capabilities is to address the underlying flaws. Cole emphasised that only Apple, Google, and app developers may do so. "So as an end user, it's critically important that when a new security patch is available, you apply it as soon as you possibly can," the researcher added.
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Trojan
AItools CapCut Cybersecurity Darkweb Infostealer malware Noodlophile phishing Ransomware RAT Spyware Telegrambot Trojan

New AI Video Tool Scam Delivers Noodlophile Malware to Steal Your Data

 

Cybercriminals are using fake AI-powered video generation tools to spread a newly discovered malware strain called ‘Noodlophile’, disguised as downloadable media content.

Fraudulent websites with names like "Dream Machine" are being promoted in high-visibility Facebook groups, pretending to be advanced AI tools that can generate videos from user-uploaded files. However, these platforms are actually fronts for distributing information-stealing malware.

While cybercriminals leveraging AI for malware distribution isn't new, Morphisec researchers have uncovered a fresh campaign that introduces this new infostealer. “Noodlophile” is currently being sold on dark web forums, frequently bundled with services like "Get Cookie + Pass," indicating it's part of a malware-as-a-service operation linked to Vietnamese-speaking threat actors.

Once a victim uploads their file to the fake site, they receive a ZIP archive that supposedly contains the generated video. Instead, the archive includes a misleading executable named "Video Dream MachineAI.mp4.exe" and a hidden folder housing essential files for subsequent malware stages. On systems with file extensions hidden, the file could appear to be a harmless video.

"The file Video Dream MachineAI.mp4.exe is a 32-bit C++ application signed using a certificate created via Winauth," explains Morphisec.

This executable is actually a modified version of CapCut, a legitimate video editing software (version 445.0), and the naming and certificate are used to deceive both users and antivirus software.

Once run, the file executes a sequence of commands that launch a batch script (Document.docx/install.bat). This script then uses the Windows tool 'certutil.exe' to decode and extract a base64-encoded, password-protected RAR file that mimics a PDF. It also adds a registry key to maintain persistence on the system.

The batch script then runs srchost.exe, which executes an obfuscated Python script (randomuser2025.txt) from a hardcoded remote server. This leads to the in-memory execution of the Noodlophile stealer.

If Avast antivirus is found on the system, the malware uses PE hollowing to inject its code into RegAsm.exe. If not, it resorts to shellcode injection.

"Noodlophile Stealer represents a new addition to the malware ecosystem. Previously undocumented in public malware trackers or reports, this stealer combines browser credential theft, wallet exfiltration, and optional remote access deployment," explains the Morphisec researchers.

The malware targets data like browser credentials, session cookies, tokens, and cryptocurrency wallets. Stolen information is sent through a Telegram bot, acting as a stealthy command and control (C2) channel. In some cases, Noodlophile is also packaged with XWorm, a remote access trojan (RAT), enabling more aggressive data theft.

How to Stay Safe:
  • Avoid downloading files from unverified websites.
  • Double-check file extensions—don’t trust names alone.
  • Always run downloads through a reliable, up-to-date antivirus tool before executing.


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Spyware
API Keys Cybersecurity Data Breach Developers malware npm packages open-source phishing Software Supply Chain Spyware

Rise in Data-Stealing Malware Targeting Developers, Sonatype Warns

 

A recent report released on April 2 has uncovered a worrying rise in open-source malware aimed at developers. These attacks, described as “smash and grab” operations, are designed to swiftly exfiltrate sensitive data from development environments.

Brian Fox, co-founder and CTO of Sonatype, explained that developers are increasingly falling victim to deceptive software packages. Once installed, these packages execute malicious code to harvest confidential data such as API keys, session cookies, and database credentials—then transmit it externally.

“It’s over in a flash,” Fox said. “Many of the times, people don’t recognize that this was even an attack.”

Sonatype, a leader in software supply-chain security, revealed that 56% of malware identified in Q1 2025 focused on data exfiltration. These programs are tailored to extract sensitive information from compromised systems. This marks a sharp increase from Q4 2024, when only 26% of open-source threats had such capabilities. The company defines open-source malware as “malicious code intentionally crafted to target developers in order to infiltrate and exploit software supply chains.”

Fox emphasized that these attacks often begin with spear phishing tactics—posing as legitimate software packages on public repositories. Minor changes, such as replacing hyphens with underscores in filenames, can mislead even seasoned developers.

“The attackers fake the number of downloads. They fake the stars so it can look as legit as the original one, because there’s not enough awareness. [Developers] are not yet trained to be skeptical,” Fox told us.

These stolen data fragments—while small—can have massive consequences. API keys, hashed passwords, and cookie caches serve as backdoors for broader attacks.

“They’re breaking into the janitor’s closet, not to put in a bomb, but to grab his keychain, and then they’re going to come back at night with the keychain,” Fox said.

The 2025 report highlights early examples:

Compromised JavaScript packages on npm were found to steal environment variables, which typically contain API tokens, SSH credentials, and other sensitive information.

A fake npm extension embedded spyware that enabled complete remote access.

Malicious packages targeted cryptocurrency developers, deploying Windows trojans capable of keylogging and data exfiltration. These packages had over 1,900 downloads collectively.

A separate report published by Sonatype in November 2024 reported a 156% year-over-year surge in open-source malware. Since October 2023, over 512,847 malicious packages have been identified—including but not limited to data-exfiltrating malware.
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zero-click
Data Breach Hackers paragon Spyware WhatsApp zero-click

WhatsApp Fixes Security Flaw Exploited by Spyware

 



WhatsApp recently fixed a major security loophole that was being used to install spyware on users' devices. The issue, known as a zero-click, zero-day vulnerability, allowed hackers to access phones without the user needing to click on anything. Security experts from the University of Toronto’s Citizen Lab uncovered this attack and linked it to Paragon’s spyware, called Graphite.  

The flaw was patched by WhatsApp in late 2023 without requiring users to update their app. The company also chose not to assign a CVE-ID to the vulnerability, as it did not meet specific reporting criteria.  

A WhatsApp spokesperson confirmed that hackers used the flaw to target certain individuals, including journalists and activists. WhatsApp directly reached out to around 90 affected users across multiple countries.  


How the Attack Worked  

Hackers used WhatsApp groups to launch their attacks. They added their targets to a group and sent a malicious PDF file. As soon as the file reached the victim’s phone, the device automatically processed it. This triggered the exploit, allowing the spyware to install itself without any user action.  

Once installed, the spyware could access sensitive data and private messages. It could also move beyond WhatsApp and infect other apps by bypassing Android’s security barriers. This gave attackers complete control over the victim’s device.  


Who Was Targeted?  

According to Citizen Lab, the attack mostly focused on individuals who challenge governments or advocate for human rights. Journalists, activists, and government critics were among the key targets. However, since only 90 people were officially notified by WhatsApp, experts believe the actual number of victims could be much higher.  

Researchers found a way to detect the spyware by analyzing Android device logs. They identified a forensic marker, nicknamed "BIGPRETZEL," that appears on infected devices. However, spotting the spyware is still difficult because Android logs do not always capture all traces of an attack.  


Spyware Linked to Government Agencies  

Citizen Lab also investigated the infrastructure used to operate the spyware. Their research uncovered multiple servers connected to Paragon’s spyware, some of which were linked to government agencies in countries like Australia, Canada, Cyprus, Denmark, Israel, and Singapore. Many of these servers were rented through cloud platforms or hosted directly by government agencies.  

Further investigation revealed that the spyware's digital certificates contained the name “Graphite” and references to installation servers. This raised concerns about whether Paragon's spyware operates similarly to Pegasus, another surveillance tool known for being used by governments to monitor individuals.  


Who Is Behind Paragon Spyware?  

Paragon Solutions Ltd., the company behind Graphite spyware, is based in Israel. It was founded in 2019 by Ehud Barak, Israel’s former Prime Minister, and Ehud Schneorson, a former commander of Unit 8200, an elite Israeli intelligence unit.  

Paragon claims that it only sells its technology to democratic governments for use by law enforcement agencies. However, reports have shown that U.S. agencies, including the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), have purchased and used its spyware.  

In December 2024, a U.S.-based investment firm, AE Industrial Partners, bought Paragon, further raising questions about its future operations and how its surveillance tools may be used.  


Protecting Yourself from Spyware  

While WhatsApp has fixed this specific security flaw, spyware threats continue to evolve. Users can take the following steps to protect themselves:  

1. Update Your Apps: Always keep your apps updated, as companies frequently release security patches.  

2. Be Cautious of Unknown Files: Never open suspicious PDFs, links, or attachments from unknown sources.  

3. Enable Two-Factor Authentication: Adding an extra layer of security to your accounts makes it harder for hackers to break in.  

4. Check Your Device Logs: If you suspect spyware, seek professional help to analyze your phone’s activity.  

Spyware attacks are becoming more advanced, and staying informed is key to protecting your privacy. WhatsApp’s quick response to this attack highlights the ongoing battle against cyber threats and the need for stronger security measures.  


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User Privacy
AWS Credentials Mobile Security Spyware Stalkerware User Privacy

Amazon Faces Criticism For Still Hosting Stalkerware Victims' Data

 

Amazon is drawing fire for hosting data from the Cocospy, Spyic, and Spyzie apps weeks after being notified of the problem, as the spyware firms continue to upload sensitive phone data of 3.1 million users to Amazon Web Services (AWS) servers. 

Last month on February 20, threat analysts at TechCrunch, an American global news outlet, notified Amazon of the stalkerware-hosted data, including exact storage bucket information where the stolen data from victims' phones was stored. However, as of mid-March, no firm steps have been taken to disable the hosting servers. 

In response, AWS thanked TechCrunch for the tip and sent a link to its abuse report form. In response to this statement, Ryan, the AWS spokesperson stated, "AWS responded by requesting specific technical evidence through its abuse reporting form to investigate the claims. TechCrunch declined to provide this evidence or submit an abuse report.”

The Android apps Cocospy, Spyic, and Spyzie share identical source code and a security vulnerability that can be easily exploited. The flaw abuses poorly secured servers used by the apps, allowing external access to exfiltrated data. The servers employed by the apps have Chinese origins and store data on Cloudflare and AWS infrastructure.

On March 10, TechCrunch notified Amazon that the Spyzie app was also uploading stolen data to its own Amazon bucket. According to Amazon, AWS responds to complaints of abuse and has stringent acceptable usage guidelines. The company's procedural reaction, however, has come under fire for taking too long to take action regarding hosting stolen data.

Ryan clarified that AWS responded quickly and made repeated requests for the technical data required to conduct the investigation, which TechCrunch declined. He went on to say: "AWS's request to submit the findings through its publicly available abuse reporting channel was questioned by the outlet, which declined to provide the requested technical data.” 

Stalkerware thrives on direct downloads, despite being banned from major app stores like Google Play and Apple's App Store. While some sellers say that the apps are for legal purposes, their capabilities are frequently utilised in ways that breach privacy regulations.
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WhatsApp
AI Backdoor Data Encryption Pegasus Spyware Technology WhatsApp

Frances Proposes Law Requiring Tech Companies to Provide Encrypted Data


Law demanding companies to provide encrypted data

New proposals in the French Parliament will mandate tech companies to give decrypted messages, email. If businesses don’t comply, heavy fines will be imposed.

France has proposed a law requiring end-to-end encryption messaging apps like WhatsApp and Signal, and encrypted email services like Proton Mail to give law enforcement agencies access to decrypted data on demand. 

The move comes after France’s proposed “Narcotraffic” bill, asking tech companies to hand over encrypted chats of suspected criminals within 72 hours. 

The law has stirred debates in the tech community and civil society groups because it may lead to building of “backdoors” in encrypted devices that can be abused by threat actors and state-sponsored criminals.

Individuals failing to comply will face fines of €1.5m and companies may lose up to 2% of their annual world turnover in case they are not able to hand over encrypted communications to the government.

Criminals will exploit backdoors

Few experts believe it is not possible to bring backdoors into encrypted communications without weakening their security. 

According to Computer Weekly’s report, Matthias Pfau, CEO of Tuta Mail, a German encrypted mail provider, said, “A backdoor for the good guys only is a dangerous illusion. Weakening encryption for law enforcement inevitably creates vulnerabilities that can – and will – be exploited by cyber criminals and hostile foreign actors. This law would not just target criminals, it would destroy security for everyone.”

Researchers stress that the French proposals aren’t technically sound without “fundamentally weakening the security of messaging and email services.” Similar to the “Online Safety Act” in the UK, the proposed French law exposes a serious misunderstanding of the practical achievements with end-to-end encrypted systems. Experts believe “there are no safe backdoors into encrypted services.”

Use of spyware may be allowed

The law will allow using infamous spywares such as NSO Group’s Pegasus or Pragon that will enable officials to remotely surveil devices. “Tuta Mail has warned that if the proposals are passed, it would put France in conflict with European Union laws, and German IT security laws, including the IT Security Act and Germany’s Telecommunications Act (TKG) which require companies to secure their customer’s data,” reports Computer Weekly.

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zero click
Cyber Attacks Paragon Solutions Spyware WhatsApp zero click

WhatsApp Alerts Users About a Dangerous Zero-Click Spyware Attack

 


WhatsApp has warned users about a highly advanced hacking attack that infected nearly 90 people across 24 countries. Unlike traditional cyberattacks that rely on tricking victims into clicking malicious links, this attack used zero-click spyware, meaning the targets were hacked without taking any action.  


What Happened?

Hackers exploited a security vulnerability in WhatsApp to send malicious documents to the victims’ devices. These documents contained spyware that could take control of the phone without the user clicking or opening anything.  

According to reports, the attack was linked to Paragon Solutions, an Israeli company that develops spyware for government agencies. While governments claim such tools help in law enforcement and national security, they have also been misused to spy on journalists, activists, and members of civil society.  


Who Was Targeted?

The specific names of the victims have not been disclosed, but reports confirm that journalists and human rights advocates were among those affected. Many of them were based in European nations, but the attack spread across multiple regions.  

WhatsApp acted quickly to disrupt the attack and alerted the affected users. It also referred them to Citizen Lab, a cybersecurity research group that investigates digital threats.  


What is a Zero-Click Attack?  

A zero-click attack is a form of cyberattack where hackers do not need the victim to click, open, or download anything. Instead, the attack exploits weaknesses in apps or operating systems, allowing spyware to be installed silently.  

Unlike phishing attacks that trick users into clicking harmful links, zero-click attacks bypass user interaction completely, making them much harder to detect or prevent.  


How Dangerous Is This Spyware? 

Once installed, the spyware can:  

1. Access private messages, calls, and photos  

2. Monitor activities and track location  

3. Activate the microphone or camera to record conversations  

4. Steal sensitive personal data

Cybersecurity experts warn that such spyware can be used for mass surveillance, threatening privacy and security worldwide.  


Who is Behind the Attack?  

WhatsApp has linked the spyware to Paragon Solutions, but has not revealed how this conclusion was reached. Authorities and cybersecurity professionals are now investigating further.  


How to Stay Safe from Spyware Attacks

While zero-click attacks are difficult to prevent, you can reduce the risk by:  

1. Keeping Your Apps Updated – Always update WhatsApp and your phone’s operating system to patch security flaws.  

2. Enabling Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) – This adds an extra layer of security to your account.  

3. Being Cautious with Unknown Messages – While this attack required no interaction, remaining alert can help protect against similar threats.  

4. Using Encrypted and Secure Apps – Apps with end-to-end encryption, like WhatsApp and Signal, make it harder for hackers to steal data.  

5. Monitoring Unusual Phone Activity – If your phone suddenly slows down, heats up, or experiences rapid battery drain, it may be infected. Run a security scan immediately.  

This WhatsApp attack is a reflection of the growing threats posed by spyware. As hacking methods become more advanced and harder to detect, users must take steps to protect their digital privacy. WhatsApp’s quick response limited the damage, but the incident highlights the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures to prevent such attacks in the future.


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Spyware Attack
Cyber Attacks Hacking WhatsApp Israeli Firm Israeli spyware Malicious Software Spyware Spyware Attack

WhatsApp Uncovers Zero-Click Spyware Attack Linked to Israeli Firm Paragon

 

WhatsApp has uncovered a stealthy spyware attack attributed to Israeli firm Paragon, targeting nearly 100 users worldwide, including journalists and civil society members. This zero-click attack required no user interaction, making it particularly dangerous as it could infiltrate devices without victims clicking on links or downloading attachments. 

A WhatsApp spokesperson confirmed that the company successfully identified and blocked the exploit, directly notifying those affected. The investigation, supported by cybersecurity research group Citizen Lab, revealed that the spyware could extract private messages, access call logs, view photos, and even activate the device’s microphone and camera remotely. John Scott-Railton, a senior researcher at Citizen Lab, highlighted the broader risks associated with such surveillance tools. He stressed the need for greater accountability within the spyware industry, warning that unchecked surveillance capabilities pose serious threats to personal privacy and digital security. 

Italian media outlet Fanpage.io first reported the breach, revealing that its director, Francesco Cancellato, was among the targeted individuals. WhatsApp informed him that malicious software might have compromised his device, potentially granting unauthorized access to sensitive data. In response, Cancellato and a team of independent analysts are examining the extent of the breach and working to determine who orchestrated the espionage. Paragon, which has positioned itself as a more ethical alternative to controversial spyware vendors like NSO Group, now faces increased scrutiny. 

The company had been seeking entry into the U.S. market but encountered regulatory hurdles after concerns arose over national security risks and human rights implications. The Biden administration’s executive order on commercial spyware, designed to curb the spread of digital surveillance tools, contributed to the suspension of a key contract for Paragon. Cybersecurity experts caution that even democratic governments have misused surveillance technology when regulatory oversight is inadequate. 

The exposure of Paragon’s spyware campaign raises questions about the potential for abuse, especially in the hands of entities operating with minimal transparency. Experts argue that unless stringent policies are enforced, spyware firms will continue to develop and distribute invasive surveillance tools without accountability. Paragon has yet to respond to the allegations, but the revelations about its activities are likely to fuel ongoing debates over the ethics of commercial spyware. 

This case underscores the urgent need for stronger global regulations to prevent the misuse of surveillance technologies and protect individuals from unauthorized digital intrusions.
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WhatsApp
New Media Privacy Social Media Spyware surveillance WhatsApp

WhatsApp Says Spyware Company Paragon Hacked 90 Users

WhatsApp Says Spyware Company Paragon Hacked 90 Users

Attempts to censor opposition voices are not new. Since the advent of new media, few Governments and nations have used spyware to keep tabs on the public, and sometimes target individuals that the government considers a threat. All this is done under the guise of national security, but in a few cases, it is aimed to suppress opposition and is a breach of privacy. 

Zero-click Spyware for WhatsApp

One such interesting incident is the recent WhatsApp “zero-click” hacking incident. In a conversation with Reuters, a WhatsApp official disclosed that Israeli spyware company Paragon Solutions was targeting its users, victims include journalists and civil society members. Earlier this week, the official told Reuters that Whatsapp had sent Paragon a cease-and-desist notice after the surveillance hack. In its official statement, WhatsApp stressed it will “continue to protect people's ability to communicate privately."

Paragon refused to comment

According to Reuters, WhatsApp had noticed an attempt to hack around 90 users. The official didn’t disclose the identity of the targets but hinted that the victims belonged to more than a dozen countries, mostly from Europe. WhatsApp users were sent infected files that didn’t require any user interaction to hack their targets, the technique is called the “zero-click” hack, known for its stealth 

“The official said WhatsApp had since disrupted the hacking effort and was referring targets to Canadian internet watchdog group Citizen Lab,” Reuter reports. He didn’t discuss how it was decided that Paragon was the culprit but added that law enforcement agencies and industry partners had been notified, and didn’t give any further details.

FBI didn’t respond immediately

“The FBI did not immediately return a message seeking comment,” Reuter said. Citizen Lab researcher John Scott-Railton said the finding of Paragon spyware attacking WhatsApp is a “reminder that mercenary spyware continues to proliferate and as it does, so we continue to see familiar patterns of problematic use."

Citizen Lab researcher John Scott-Railton said the discovery of Paragon spyware targeting WhatsApp users "is a reminder that mercenary spyware continues to proliferate and as it does, so we continue to see familiar patterns of problematic use."

Ethical implications concerning spying software

Spyware businesses like Paragaon trade advanced surveillance software to government clients, and project their services as “critical to fighting crime and protecting national security,” Reuter mentions. However, history suggests that such surveillance tools have largely been used for spying, and in this case- journalists, activists, opposition politicians, and around 50 U.S officials. This raises questions about the lawless use of technology.

Paragon - which was reportedly acquired by Florida-based investment group AE Industrial Partners last month - has tried to position itself publicly as one of the industry's more responsible players. On its website, Paragon advertises the software as “ethically based tools, teams, and insights to disrupt intractable threats” On its website, and media reports mentioning people acquainted with the company “say Paragon only sells to governments in stable democratic countries,” Reuter mentions.

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Spyware
Amazon App Store Android BMI Calculator malware Spyware

Hackers are Employing Amazon Appstore to Propagate Malware

 

'BMI CalculationVsn' is a malicious Android spyware app that was identified on the Amazon Appstore. It poses as a simple health tool while covertly harvesting data from compromised devices. 

Cybersecurity researchers from McAfee Labs discovered the app and notified Amazon, which resulted in the app being taken down from the app store. To get rid of any remaining traces, those who installed the app must manually uninstall it and run an extensive scan.

Amazon Appstore is a third-party Android software store that is pre-installed on Amazon Fire tablets and Fire TV devices. It also serves as a substitute to Google Play for Android device owners who can't or don't want to use Google's platform, and it even includes exclusive Amazon Prime games and entertainment. The BMI CalculationVsn spyware program, released by 'PT Visionet Data Internasional,' is marketed as a simple body mass index (BMI) calculator. 

Modus operandi

The user is greeted by an easy-to-use interface when they launch the compromised app, which offers the advertised features, such as calculating their BMI. However, there are other malicious activities going on in the background.

When the user taps the 'Calculate' button, the app first starts a screen recording service that asks for the required approval. This can be misleading and mislead users into giving their permission without thinking. 

McAfee claims that although the footage is locally stored in an MP4 file, it was not uploaded to the command and control (C2) server. This is probably because the app is still in the early stages of testing. 

The researchers' further investigation into the app's release history revealed that it was originally made available in the wild on October 8. By the end of the month, it changed the certificate information, added new malicious functions, and modified its icon. 

In order to help the attackers plan their next move, the app's second malicious operation is to scan the device and retrieve all installed applications. Finally, the spyware intercepts and gathers SMS messages, including verification codes and one-time passwords (OTPs), that are received and stored on the device.

Given that malicious apps can still escape through code review cracks in respectable and generally trustworthy stores like the Amazon Appstore, Android users should only install apps from reputable publishers. 

It is also advisable to review requested permissions and revoke problematic ones after installation. Google Play Protect can detect and block known malware detected by App Security Alliance partners such as McAfee, thus having it enabled on Android devices is critical.
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