iThe IBM X-Force 2025 Threat Intelligence Index highlights a growing trend of cybercriminals adopting more covert attack strategies. Drawing from analysis of over 150 billion security events daily across 130+ countries, the report notes an 84% spike in email-delivered infostealers in 2024 compared to the previous year. This surge signals a marked pivot towards credential theft, even as enterprise-targeted ransomware attacks show a notable decline.
“Cybercriminals are most often breaking in without breaking anything – capitalising on identity gaps overflowing from complex hybrid cloud environments that offer attackers multiple access points,” said IBM cybersecurity services global managing partner Mark Hughes. “Businesses need to shift away from an ad-hoc prevention mindset and focus on proactive measures such as modernising authentication management, plugging multi-factor authentication holes and conducting real-time threat hunting to uncover hidden threats before they expose sensitive data.”
The report found that critical infrastructure organisations bore the brunt of attacks, accounting for 70% of incidents handled by IBM X-Force last year. More than a quarter of these breaches exploited system vulnerabilities. Data theft (18%) overtook encryption-based attacks (11%) as the preferred method, reflecting improvements in detection tools and increased law enforcement pressure, which have forced threat actors to rethink their strategies.
Asia and North America emerged as the primary targets, together representing almost 60% of all global attacks. Asia faced 34% of the incidents, while North America encountered 24%. For the fourth consecutive year, the manufacturing industry remained the most impacted sector, attributed to its sensitivity to operational disruptions and susceptibility to ransomware.
Emerging AI-related threats also garnered attention. Although no major AI-focused attacks surfaced in 2024, security teams are racing to find and patch vulnerabilities before they are exploited. A critical remote code execution flaw within an AI development framework is expected to gain traction in 2025 as adoption grows. Experts warn that attackers may soon develop dedicated toolkits aimed specifically at AI systems, underlining the urgent need to secure AI infrastructure.Persistent challenges in critical infrastructure security largely stem from outdated technologies and delayed patch management. IBM X-Force revealed that vulnerabilities accounted for over 25% of exploited incidents. Analyzing discussions on dark web forums showed that four of the ten most talked-about CVEs were associated with advanced threat groups, including state-sponsored actors, escalating the risks of disruption and extortion.
Research in collaboration with Red Hat Insights found that over 50% of Red Hat Enterprise Linux users had not patched at least one critical vulnerability, with 18% leaving five or more critical CVEs unaddressed. Moreover, ransomware variants like Akira, Lockbit, Clop, and RansomHub have expanded their capabilities to affect both Windows and Linux systems.
A sharp rise in phishing campaigns distributing infostealers was another key finding, with a 180% jump compared to 2023. The use of credential phishing and infostealers enables hackers to swiftly exfiltrate sensitive information while maintaining a low profile.
While ransomware still accounted for 28% of malware attacks in 2024, its overall prevalence declined compared to previous years. Cybercriminals are increasingly shifting towards identity-based attacks, adapting to countermeasures that have made traditional ransomware operations more difficult.
