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Cyberattacks on Single Points of Failure Are Driving Major Industry Disruptions


Cybercriminals are increasingly targeting single points of failure within companies, causing widespread disruptions across industries. According to cybersecurity firm Resilience, attackers have shifted their focus toward exploiting key vulnerabilities in highly interconnected organizations, triggering a “cascading effect of disruption and chaos downstream.” This strategy allows cybercriminals to maximize the impact of their attacks, affecting not just the initial target but also its partners, clients, and entire industries. 


The financial consequences of these attacks have been severe. According to IBM research, the global average cost of a data breach in 2024 was nearly $4.9 million. However, some breaches were far more expensive. One of the most significant incidents involved a ransomware attack on Change Healthcare, a subsidiary of UnitedHealth that processes billions of medical claims annually. UnitedHealth reported that the attack cost the company $3.1 billion in response efforts, making it one of the most financially damaging cyber incidents in recent history. 

The attack caused major disruptions across the healthcare sector, impacting hospitals, insurance providers, and pharmacies. John Riggi, national cybersecurity advisor for the American Hospital Association, described the incident as “the most significant and consequential cyberattack in the history of U.S. health care.” Another major ransomware attack targeted CDK Global, a software provider for car dealerships across the U.S. The breach resulted in over $1 billion in collective losses for affected dealerships, according to estimates from Anderson Economic Group. 

This attack further demonstrated how cybercriminals can cripple entire industries by targeting critical service providers that businesses rely on for daily operations. Resilience’s analysis indicates that third-party risk has become a dominant driver of cyber insurance claims. In 2024, third-party breaches accounted for 31% of all claims filed by its clients. While the number was slightly higher in 2023 at 37%, none of those incidents resulted in material financial losses. The report also found that ransomware targeting vendors has become a significant concern, contributing to 18% of all incurred claims.  

Ransomware remained the top cause of financial loss in cyber incidents last year, responsible for 62% of claims involving monetary damages. However, Resilience’s research suggests that while ransomware remains a major threat, its frequency may be declining in broader markets. This trend is attributed to cybercriminals shifting their focus from random, large-scale attacks to more strategic operations against high-value targets that offer larger payouts. 

The evolving threat landscape underscores the need for organizations to strengthen cybersecurity measures, particularly in highly interconnected industries. With cyberattacks becoming more sophisticated and financially motivated, businesses must prioritize risk management, enhance third-party security assessments, and invest in cyber resilience to prevent large-scale disruptions.

Ransomware Payments Plummet in 2024 Despite Surge in Cyberattacks

 

The past year witnessed a series of devastating ransomware attacks that disrupted critical sectors. Cyber extortion groups targeted Change Healthcare, crippling hundreds of US pharmacies and clinics, exploited security loopholes in Snowflake's customer accounts to infiltrate high-profile targets, and secured a record-breaking $75 million from a single victim.

Despite these high-profile incidents, data reveals an unexpected trend: overall ransomware payments declined in 2024, with the second half of the year experiencing the steepest drop ever recorded. A report by cryptocurrency analytics firm Chainalysis shows that ransomware payments totaled $814 million in 2024, marking a 35% decrease from the record $1.25 billion paid in 2023. The decline became more pronounced between July and December, when hackers collected only $321 million, compared to $492 million in the first half of the year—representing the largest six-month reduction in ransomware payments observed by Chainalysis.

“The drastic reversal of the trends we were seeing in the first half of the year to the second was quite surprising,” says Jackie Burns Koven, head of cyber threat intelligence at Chainalysis. She attributes this shift to law enforcement takedowns and disruptions, some of which had delayed effects as organizations grappled with major breaches.

Significant law enforcement actions in late 2023 and early 2024 targeted major ransomware groups. Just before Christmas in 2023, the FBI exploited vulnerabilities in BlackCat (AlphV)'s encryption software, distributed decryption keys to victims, and dismantled the group’s dark-web infrastructure. In February 2024, the UK's National Crime Agency (NCA) struck a major blow against Lockbit, seizing its cryptocurrency wallets and exposing its cybercriminal network.

Initially, both groups appeared to recover. AlphV orchestrated a major attack on Change Healthcare, disrupting payments at US pharmacies and extorting $22 million. Lockbit quickly reestablished its operations through a new dark-web platform. However, law enforcement actions had deeper consequences than initially apparent. AlphV executed an “exit scam,” disappearing with the ransom and leaving its hacker affiliates empty-handed. Lockbit’s operations also diminished following the NCA’s crackdown, with distrust growing in cybercriminal circles after authorities identified its alleged leader, Dmitry Khoroshev. In May 2024, the US Treasury imposed sanctions on Khoroshev, complicating ransom payments to the group.

New Ransomware Gangs Struggle to Match Predecessors

While emerging ransomware groups attempted to fill the void left by these takedowns, many lacked the sophistication to target high-value victims. “Their talent is not quite as robust as their predecessors,” notes Burns Koven. As a result, ransom demands shrank, often amounting to tens of thousands rather than millions of dollars.

Although 2024 saw an increase in ransomware attacks—4,634 incidents compared to 4,400 in 2023—lower ransom payouts suggest that newer cybercriminals prioritized volume over impact. “What we're seeing in terms of payments is a reflection of newer threat actors being attracted by the amount of money that they see you can make in ransomware, trying to get into the game and not being very good at it,” says Allan Liska, a threat intelligence analyst at Recorded Future.

Stronger Cyber Defenses and Cryptocurrency Regulations

Beyond law enforcement interventions, the decline in payments is also linked to heightened awareness and improved cybersecurity measures. Governments and institutions have implemented stronger ransomware response strategies, while increased cryptocurrency regulation and crackdowns on illicit financial channels have complicated ransomware payments. Authorities have particularly targeted crypto mixers, tools used by cybercriminals to anonymize transactions.

Despite the downward trend in payments, historical data suggests that ransomware remains cyclical. In 2022, total payments fell to $655 million, down from $1.07 billion in 2021, only to surge again in 2023 to $1.25 billion. Experts caution against interpreting short-term declines as long-term victories. “If the baddies had a couple of brilliant quarters, a dip will follow, same as if the goodies had some good quarters,” says Brett Callow, managing director at FTI Consulting. “That’s why we really need to analyze trends over a longer period.”

Additionally, the true scale of ransomware payments remains difficult to quantify, as cybercriminals often inflate their success and many victims choose not to report attacks due to stigma or regulatory concerns.

Chainalysis researchers emphasize that the decline in ransomware payments should not be mistaken for a lasting solution. “We're still standing in the rubble, right? We can't go tell everyone, everything's great, we solved ransomware—they’re continuing to go after schools, after hospitals and critical infrastructure,” says Burns Koven. However, the data does serve as an important indicator that sustained investment in ransomware defense is yielding results.

Ransomware Payments Drop 35% in 2024 Amid Increased Resistance and Law Enforcement Crackdowns

 

Ransomware payments saw a significant decline in 2024, dropping 35% year-over-year to $813.55 million from the $1.25 billion recorded in 2023. Additionally, only about 30% of victims engaged in ransom negotiations proceeded with payments.

These insights, reported by blockchain intelligence firm Chainalysis, highlight a downward trend despite 2024 being a record-breaking year for ransomware attacks. A notable incident involved a Fortune 50 company paying $75 million to the Dark Angels ransomware group—the largest known payout of the year. Meanwhile, cybersecurity firm NCC Group recorded 5,263 successful ransomware breaches in 2024, marking the highest-ever attack volume.

Despite the increase in attacks, ransomware actors are facing difficulties in extorting payments. Chainalysis noted a surge in disclosures on data leak sites, indicating that cybercriminals are resorting to increased exposure tactics to pressure victims. However, a growing number of organizations are resisting ransom demands.

This shift is driven by heightened cybersecurity awareness, improved protective measures, and a realization that attackers’ promises to delete stolen data are often unreliable. Legal scrutiny has also played a role, pushing companies to forgo negotiations, instead opting to restore systems from backups while mitigating reputational risks.

Another critical factor behind the payment decline is the impact of law enforcement operations. In 2024, global agencies targeted ransomware groups, with ‘Operation Cronos’ taking down LockBit, one of the most prolific gangs. Additionally, the collapse of ALPHV/BlackCat created instability, leaving smaller groups unable to dominate the space, despite RansomHub’s attempts.

Chainalysis data indicates that even when ransoms were paid, they were often significantly reduced through negotiations. Cybercriminals are also facing increasing difficulties laundering their illicit earnings. Crackdowns on cryptocurrency mixers and non-compliant exchanges have forced ransomware actors to shift to alternative methods, such as cross-chain bridges, to obscure transactions.

Centralized exchanges remained the primary cash-out method in 2024, handling 39% of all ransomware proceeds. However, an increasing number of affiliates are now opting to hold funds in personal wallets, wary of law enforcement tracking and potential arrests.

Despite the surge in ransomware activity, victims are becoming more resistant, and law enforcement is tightening its grip, signaling a potential long-term shift in the cybersecurity landscape.

Fake IT Support Used by Ransomware Gangs in Microsoft Teams Breaches

 


The Sophos security team has identified two ransomware campaigns that are utilizing Microsoft Teams to steal data from organizations, and the crooks may be allied with Black Basta and FIN7. In the X-Ops Managed Detection and Response (MDR) service, Sophos X-Ops responds to incidents related to two different groups of threat actors. In each case, the attackers gained access to targeted organizations by using the Microsoft Office 365 platform to steal data and deploy ransomware to steal data. 

This pair of separate clusters of activity were investigated by Sophos MDR in November and December 2024 as a result of customer reports, and the threat is tracked as STAC5143 and STAC5777, respectively. The two groups are utilizing Microsoft Office 365 services, including Teams and Outlook, to gain access to victim organizations, according to Sophos, who has observed over 15 incidents in just the past two weeks, the majority of which took place between November and December 2024. 

According to Sophos, the attackers took advantage of a Microsoft Teams configuration that allows users from external domains to initiate chats or meetings with internal users, thereby taking advantage of a default configuration, he warned. As a result of threat actors exploiting Microsoft Teams to pose as tech support personnel, attackers gain initial access to victim organizations by using the platform, and their goal is to steal data and deploy ransomware, according to a report released on Tuesday by Sophos, which examined ongoing threat campaigns related to these two threats. 

A customer who received over 3,000 spam emails in 45 minutes in November of last year first brought STAC5143 to the attention of the Sophos team. Shortly thereafter, a Microsoft Teams call from outside the organization, coming from a bogus "Help Desk Manager" account, reached out to the customer, and he was instructed to allow a remote screen control session through Microsoft Teams to resolve the issue. 

As it turned out, the attacker was exploiting this vulnerability to inject malicious files into the victim's computer as well as infect the computer with malware by opening a command shell and dropping some files on it. The attacker had downloaded a Java archive (JAR) file (MailQueue-Handler.jar), as well as Python scripts (RPivot backdoor). As soon as the attackers have established a command-and-control channel with their target, they utilize the target's credentials to disable multifactor authentication and antivirus protections. 

They then connect to other computers in the network and move laterally to compromise additional computers and systems. Java code performed some reconnaissance work as well, mostly scoping out the user's account name and local network, before extracting and running from the snow.zip archive the payload contained a Python-based backdoor that could be used to remote control the Windows computer remotely. 

Python code included a lambda function to obfuscate the malware, which matched Python malware loaders previously spotted as part of the FIN7 malware campaign.  Two other Python pieces were extracted as part of the malware, including copies of the publicly available reverse SOCKS proxy RPivot, which FIN7 had previously used in its earlier attacks. 

As with the STAC5777 attacks, the malware started with large amounts of spam emails being sent to targeted organizations, followed by team messages claiming to be from the organization's IT department and requesting that they be contacted to stop the spam. CyberScoop spoke to Sean Gallagher, Sophos's principal threat researcher, and the study's lead author. 

Gallagher explained that his team had observed multiple individuals and at least 15 organizations using these tactics, and most of them were blocked before they were able to compromise the device they were attempting to compromise. Using the social engineering technique of posing as a technical support representative is a well-known social engineering method used by malicious hackers to compromise large, multinational companies.

Cybercriminal groups such as Lapsus$ have used this scheme for several years to compromise large, multinational corporations. It is, however, mainly smaller organizations that have been targeted by Office 365 and Teams, and it illustrates how threat groups have increasingly capitalized on the rush by small and mid-sized businesses to adopt cloud computing and digitization, especially after the COVID-19 virus pandemic. 

A significant portion of these small organizations were left vulnerable by the fact that, for the first time, they were using unfamiliar software like Microsoft Office 365, Teams, and Azure. It is a piece of malware, winhttp.dll, that is sideloaded into a legitimate oneDriveStandaloneUpdater.exe process, which is then relaunched by a PowerShell command when Windows starts up. Through the Windows API, the malicious DLL logs the user's keystrokes, gathers credential information from files and the registry, and scans the network for potential pivot points via SMB, RDP, and WinRM. 

Once a C2 connection has been established, the OneDriveStandaloneUpdater.exe process is started and a check is performed to see if there are any Remote Desktop Protocol hosts or Windows Remote Management hosts that can be accessed with stolen credentials. It appears that the attackers then attempted to move laterally to other hosts to continue their attack. 

One instance of this was when the attackers used the backdoor to uninstall local multifactor authentication integration on a compromised device, and Sophos has also found that the attackers have been hoovering up local files whose names contained the word "password". In one instance, STAC5777 was trying to infect the machine with the Black Basta ransomware - even though Sophos assured that its security protections blocked it from infecting the machine. 

According to the researchers, the threat actor has access to Notepad and Word files that have the word "password" in them. Moreover, the attackers also accessed two Remote Desktop Protocol files, likely searching for credentials. To prevent external domains from initiating messages and calls on Microsoft Teams and disabling Quick Assist in critical environments, organizations should consider implementing these tactics in the ransomware space as they become more prevalent.

Play Ransomware Threat Intensifies with State-Sponsored Links and Advanced Tactics

 

Play ransomware continues to be a formidable cybersecurity threat, with over 300 successful attacks reported globally since its first detection in 2022. Named for the “.PLAY” extension it appends to encrypted files, this ransomware has been linked to Andariel, a North Korean state-sponsored hacking group operating under the Reconnaissance General Bureau. 

This connection highlights the increasing involvement of state-backed actors in sophisticated cybercrime campaigns targeting both public and private sector organizations worldwide. Recent analysis by AhnLab sheds light on how Play ransomware gains access to its victims’ networks. The attackers exploit vulnerabilities in widely used software systems or misuse valid user accounts. 

Known flaws in Microsoft Exchange Server’s ProxyNotShell vulnerabilities (CVE-2022-41040 and CVE-2022-41082) and Fortinet’s FortiOS (CVE-2020-12812 and CVE-2018-13379) have been frequently abused by these attackers. After infiltrating a network, they use port scanning techniques to gather information about active systems and services, collect Active Directory data, and identify paths for privilege escalation. These escalated privileges allow the attackers to obtain administrator-level access, steal credentials, and ultimately gain control over the domain environment. 

One of the key challenges in detecting Play ransomware lies in its ability to blend malicious activities with legitimate operations. The attackers often use tools like Process Hacker to disable security products. Many of these tools are not inherently malicious and are commonly used for legitimate purposes, making it difficult for security systems to distinguish between normal and nefarious activities. This ability to evade detection underscores the sophistication of Play ransomware and its operators. 

The impact of a Play ransomware attack goes beyond encryption. Like many modern ransomware variants, Play uses double-extortion tactics, exfiltrating sensitive data before locking systems. This exfiltrated data is then leveraged to pressure victims into paying ransoms by threatening to leak the information on dark web forums. The combination of system disruption and the risk of public data exposure makes Play ransomware particularly damaging to its targets. To mitigate the risks posed by Play ransomware, cybersecurity experts and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) recommend implementing proactive defenses. 

Organizations should ensure that software, operating systems, and firmware are regularly updated to address vulnerabilities. Phishing-resistant multi-factor authentication (MFA) is crucial to reduce the risk of unauthorized access, while employee training on recognizing phishing attempts remains essential. Additionally, network segmentation can limit the attackers’ ability to move laterally, reducing the overall impact of an attack. 

Play ransomware illustrates the evolving complexity of cyber threats, particularly those linked to state-sponsored groups. Its reliance on exploiting known vulnerabilities, combined with its use of legitimate tools, highlights the critical need for organizations to adopt comprehensive cybersecurity measures. By prioritizing vulnerability management, user education, and proactive defenses, organizations can better protect themselves against the ongoing threat posed by Play ransomware and similar cyber campaigns.

75% of Ransomware Attacks Target Healthcare on Holidays: Expert Insights

 


Approximately 75% of ransomware attacks on the healthcare sector over the past year occurred during weekends or holidays, highlighting the urgency for organizations to strengthen their staffing and security measures during these high-risk periods. Jeff Wichman, director of incident response at security firm Semperis, emphasized the need for proactive preparation.

"In reality, we should be staffing up because if the attackers know for a fact that on weekends we, as citizens, take time off. Organizations should be staffing up into the holiday season. Not down," Wichman stated.

However, many healthcare organizations face significant staffing constraints, making it challenging to ensure adequate coverage on weekends and holidays. "In that case, then it's working with partners," he explained. "If the firm can afford to get a security operation center, a managed service provider that can provide that coverage on weekends and holidays. Perfect. But you've got to make sure that they're staffed completely during the holiday and weekend seasons, as well."

Wichman also stressed the importance of being prepared for worst-case scenarios by conducting regular recovery drills and testing system restoration processes. "That includes practicing recovery drills, bringing back your critical assets in a timely fashion, really understanding how long does it take to bring back operations, and not from a theoretical," he said. Organizations cannot assume they can "just push a button, and the backup will restore the domain controller. There are more steps involved," he warned.

"They really need to get that real-time, objective [process] nailed down," Wichman concluded.

In an interview with Information Security Media Group, Wichman also discussed critical topics such as:

  • The importance of testing and validating backups;
  • Common identity management mistakes that lead to security vulnerabilities;
  • The potential impact of upcoming cybersecurity regulations in the healthcare industry.

With over 20 years of experience in information security, Wichman has handled a wide range of incident response investigations, from minor business email breaches to significant ransomware attacks. As an expert in digital forensics and incident response, his insights highlight the critical steps healthcare organizations must take to fortify their defenses against cyber threats.

Hoboken Cyber Incident Disrupts City Operations

 



Hoboken's city government has fallen victim to a ransomware attack, forcing the closure of City Hall and the suspension of online municipal services. The attack, which occurred in the early hours of Wednesday, Nov. 27, disrupted several city functions, prompting swift action from local authorities. 
 

Service Disruptions and Response  

 
The Hoboken Police Department and the city's IT department are actively investigating the incident and working to restore services. Key actions taken in response to the attack include:   
 
- Municipal Court canceled for the day. 
- Street sweeping suspended for the remainder of the day, although other parking regulations remain in effect. 
- Waste collection and recreation programs proceeding as scheduled, providing some continuity amidst the disruption.   
 
To ensure continued legal and administrative operations, municipal court and police-related matters have been temporarily transferred to the Secaucus Police Department and municipal courts in Secaucus.   
 

Impact and Ongoing Investigation   

 
Authorities have described the ransomware as malicious software designed to block access to critical systems and demand a ransom for their release. The FBI and the Internet Crime Complaint Center are assisting in identifying the malware, known as Audacy, and determining the extent of the damage.  
 
City officials have advised residents to:   
 
- Stay updated through official communication channels. 
- Remain vigilant against potential phishing scams or fraudulent activities targeting municipal customers.   
 

Cybersecurity Challenges for Municipal Systems   

 
The Hoboken attack underscores the growing vulnerability of municipal systems as cities increasingly adopt digital infrastructure. Experts emphasize the importance of robust cybersecurity measures, including regular system updates and security patches, employee training to recognize cyber threats, and comprehensive incident response plans to mitigate disruptions and safeguard critical data.  
 
As the investigation continues, Hoboken’s administration is focused on restoring services and minimizing the impact on residents. Updates will be provided regularly to keep the public informed and ensure a swift return to normalcy.

Texas Oilfield Supplier Operations Impacted by Ransomware Incident

 


About two months before the Newpark Resources attack, oilfield services giant Halliburton had been afflicted with a cyberattack that it then disclosed in a regulatory filing, which occurred about two months earlier.  Last week, Halliburton, the world's largest energy services provider, announced that about $35 million in expenses were incurred because of the attack. Still, the impact on the company's finances is relatively small, especially considering Halliburton is one of the world's largest energy services providers.  

There was an incident in August when Halliburton, a global provider of services for the energy industry, had to shut down the systems of some of its subsidiaries due to a cyber attack. In most cases, this type of breach involves unauthorized access by third parties; oftentimes, this leads to operations being disrupted, systems being shut down, and incident response plans being activated as a result of the breach. A cyber-response plan was activated at that time and a comprehensive investigation was conducted internally with the assistance of external advisors to assess and remedy any unauthorized activity that the company was aware of at that time.  

Halliburton announced last week that in its third-quarter results it incurred a pretax charge of $116 million as a result of severity costs, impairment of assets held for sale, expenses related to cybersecurity incidents, gains on equity investments, and other items. The company said in the release that it recorded a pretax charge of $116 million in the third quarter of 2024. In a report released on Tuesday, Halliburton's chairman, president, and CEO, Jeff Miller, said that Halliburton "experienced a $0.02 per share impact on its adjusted earnings from storms in the Gulf of Mexico and in the Gulf of Mexico due to the August cybersecurity event." 

While the update is not in any way noteworthy, Andy Watkin-Child, founding partner at Veritas GRC told LinkedIn it shows cyber incidents are moving to the top of the corporate agenda, in a post on the social media platform. The board of directors is more transparent, as required by the Securities and Exchange Commission when it comes to the impact of cyber incidents. Following the attack on Halliburton, the company had to postpone billing and collection activities, as well as put a halt on its share buyback program. 

According to the company, the full impact will not be material for the company's operations in the long run.   The Newpark Resources Group announced this week that access to certain information systems and business applications has been disrupted due to a ransomware attack that has hit their network. According to a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the incident was discovered on October 29 and a cybersecurity response plan was activated immediately, the Texas-based company that provides drilling fluids systems and composite matting systems for the oilfield sector, said in its statement. 

In his statement, Newpark stated that "the incident has caused disruptions and limitations in access to certain of the company's information systems and business applications that support aspects of the company's operations and corporate functions, including financial and operational reporting systems", and the company is still paying the price. To continue operating uninterruptedly, the company reverted to downtime procedures, allowing it to safely continue manufacturing and field operations during the downtime period.  

Based on the company's current understanding of the facts and circumstances regarding this incident, this incident appears not to have a reasonably likely impact on the company's financial situation or its results of operations, the company said in a statement. Newpark declined to provide information about how the attackers accessed its network, as well as who might have been responsible for the incident, nor did it explain how they gained access. No ransomware group is known to be claiming responsibility for the attack, according to SecurityWeek. 

About two months before the Newpark Resources breach, there was also a cyberattack on oilfield services giant Halliburton that was also announced in a regulatory filing by that company.  The company has just reported that as a result of the attack, Halliburton has incurred approximately $35 million in expenses. However, given that the company is one of the leading energy service companies in the world, the financial impact is relatively small.  

The incident at Newpark Resources highlighted the importance of network segmentation in protecting networks, according to Chris Grove, director of cybersecurity strategy at Nozomi Networks. He says that when networks are under attack, network segmentation can ensure their security.  According to Grove, separating OT from IT is one way to minimize the risk of a security breach and possibly hurt key operations if there is a breach. However, organizations are facing an increasingly pressing challenge: securing the advantages of segmentation while enabling controlled connectivity, which is becoming increasingly difficult to maintain. 

Cybersecurity Dive has been informed by researchers from NCC Group via email that there has been no public leak of data from the Newpark Resources attack and that there has been no claim made regarding the leak.  Neither the company nor the company's shareholders have been able to determine what costs and financial impacts will be associated with this incident, but about the company's financial condition and results of operations, they believe that the attack "is not reasonably likely to have a material impact."

As a manufacturer, seller, and rental company, Newpark Resources is dedicated to serving the petroleum industry and various other sectors related to energy, such as pipelines, renewable energy, petrochemicals, construction, and oilfields. In its Thursday earnings report, the Woodlands, Texas-based company disclosed quarterly revenue exceeding $44 million and projected an annual revenue reaching up to $223 million. This performance underscores the company's strong market presence despite recent challenges, though it remains under pressure following a recent ransomware attack by unidentified cyber actors. 

As of Thursday, no specific hacking group had taken responsibility for the attack. The oil and gas sector recognized as a globally essential industry, has increasingly become a focal point for ransomware attacks. Due to the industry’s high financial stakes and critical role in infrastructure, it is often targeted by cybercriminals who expect ransom payments to restore access to compromised systems. Notably, ransomware incidents have affected major players in the sector. Over the past four years, corporations such as Shell, Halliburton, Colonial Pipeline, Encino Energy, Oiltanking, and Mabanaft have experienced cybersecurity breaches that have disrupted operations and prompted significant financial and reputational impacts.

These incidents have drawn heightened attention from government entities, prompting federal authorities to pursue enhanced cybersecurity measures across critical infrastructure sectors. The rise in ransomware attacks has spurred the government to implement stricter cybersecurity regulations, with mandates designed to bolster defense mechanisms within vulnerable industries.